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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Climacteric symptoms in a representative Dutch population sample as measured with the Greene Climacteric Scale.

OBJECTIVE: To measure climacteric symptoms in a population-based survey as assessed by the Greene Climacteric Scale and to obtain normative data for the total score and subscales (psychological, somatic, vasomotor, and sexual) of the Greene Climacteric Scale. METHODS: A sample representative of the Dutch female population is interviewed. The sample was drawn from the NIPO-Telepanel (with 269 women aged 45-65 years) and from the NIPO-CAPI@HOME database (a sample of 235 women aged 45-65 years). They all filled in the 21 items of the Greene Climacteric Scale. The women were divided in four groups according their menopausal status: premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal and posthysterectomy. RESULTS: The total score of the Greene Climacteric Scale (mean; SD) was in premenopausal women 10.53 +/- 7.36). The score in perimenopausal women (15.78 +/- 9.09) and postmenopausal women (15.33 +/- 9.01) were significant higher than in the premenopause. The same significant difference between pre and peri/postmenopausal women was observed in the psychological, somatic and vasomotor subscales. The depression subscale did not change significantly during the menopausal transition. Hysterectomized women had the same score as postmenopausal women, reflecting the rather high mean age of the hysterectomized women (55.8 years). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and intensity of climacteric symptoms as expressed in the Greene Climacteric Scale do increase during the menopausal transition and stay high during the postmenopause. Data presented can be considered normative for the Greene Climacteric Scale in a mainly Caucasian population.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Middle-aged Danish men's ideas of a male climacteric--and of the female climacteric.

The concept of a male climacteric as a parallel to the female climacteric appeared in both popular and scientific literature before 1940. The present population study describes the ideas regarding a male climacteric reported by a sample of men at the ages of 40, 45 and 51. The proportion who believed in the occurrence of a male climacteric decreased as the men became older, although 30% still believed in the phenomenon at the age of 51. Around a fifth (18%) of the 51-year-old men had felt or still felt that they were climacteric. This feeling was significantly related to the men's concern about a climacteric partner and to the presence of 'hot flushes or sweating' in the men. No relation was found with either the men's hormone levels (serum luteinizing hormone and serum free testosterone), or the myths that often surrounded the midlife crisis. The male climacteric therefore seems to serve as an explanation for various common non-specific complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Measuring climacteric symptoms in an Ecuadorian population with the Greene Climacteric Scale.

OBJECTIVE: Measure climacteric symptoms in a low socio-economic Ecuadorian population with the Greene Climacteric Scale and determine factors involved with higher scorings. METHODS: Women aged 40--65, non hormone therapy (HT) users, with intact uterus and ovaries, attending the Gynecologic Outpatient Service of the Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Guayaquil-Ecuador, were selected and asked to fill out the Greene Climacteric Scale. RESULTS: During the study period, 385 women met inclusion criteria and filled out the climacteric scale. Mean age of this sample was 47.6 +/- 5.5 years and 36.6% were aged >or=50 years. Women were classified as: premenopausal 38.9%, perimenopausal 28.8% and postmenopausal 32.3%. The total Greene Climacteric score for postmenopausal was found to be higher than premenopausal total score (18.78 +/- 8.11 versus 16.31 +/- 7.62, p < 0.05). Total, clusters and subclusters scorings maintained an increasing trend from one menopausal status to the next. The most frequently and intensive presenting symptoms of the 21 symptoms composing the scale were: difficulty in concentrating, feeling unhappy or distressed, headaches, and hot flashes (n=385: 87, 82, 83.9 and 82%, anxiety and depression subclusters, and somatic and vasomotor clusters, respectively). Univariate analysis determined that age >or=47 years, parity >or=4 and schooling <12 years were associated to the risk for having a total Greene scoring of >or=18 (OR: [95% CI], 2.5[1.6-3.8]; 1.8[1.1-3]; 1.6[1-2.7], respectively, p < 0.05). Age >or=47 years was associated to increased rates of higher scorings in all clusters except for loss of sexual interest, which was contrarily increased together with vasomotor scoring in women with higher parity (p < 0.05). Women with educational level <12 years were related to higher somatic scorings. Logistic regression analysis confirmed all these associations except for parity, which was excluded as a risk factor for higher vasomotor scorings. CONCLUSION: In this specific population, climacteric symptoms presenting in all menopausal groups, as measured with the Greene Climacteric Scale, resulted to be higher than previously reported standards and age, parity and educational level were independent risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood levels of testosterone and its urinary excretion in women of reproductive age both neurosis-free during the climacteric period and with climacteric neuroses].

Blood testosterone content was studied by the radioimmunological method in 12 healthy women (5 of reproductive age, and 7 with climacteric age changes) and in 4 patients at the postmenopause suffering from climateric neurosis. Urinary excretion of testosterone glucuronide was studied by means of fluorometry in 11 healthy women (4 of reproductive age, and 7 at the climacteric) and in 6 patients at the postmenopause with climacteric neurosis. Healthy women of reproductive age displayed marked individual variations in the blood testosterone content both during the folliculin and the lutein cycle phases. The indices of urinary testosterone excretion varied in this group lees. As to healthy women with age climacteric changes and a regular cycle and those during the postmenopause--they showed marked variations both in blood testosterone content and in urinary testosterone excretion. There were no significant differences in the indices studied in healthy women of reproductive age and in healthy women with age climacteric changes. But in 8 of 11 women with climacteric neurosis blood testosterone content and urinary testosterone excretion were much greater than the upper borders of its variations in healthy women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation report more severe climacteric complaints than do normal climacteric women of similar age.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the severity of typical climacteric complaints (vasomotor complaints and vaginal dryness) and 21 other complaints, considered atypical for the climacteric, in women with and without a uterus. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional population questionnaire survey was sent to all women aged 39 through 60 years in Ede, the Netherlands. Subjects were 986 hysterectomized women (one or both ovaries present) and 5636 normal women (uterus and both ovaries present). Statistical analysis was performed by cross tabulations, chi 2 analysis, analysis of variance, meta-analysis of variance, and ratios. RESULTS: Hysterectomized women, especially those aged 39 to 41 years, report significantly more vasomotor complaints, vaginal dryness, and atypical complaints than do normal climacteric women of the same age. The higher prevalence of typical climacteric complaints in hysterectomized women largely explains their higher level of atypical complaints. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be alert to typical climacteric complaints after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation, especially in young women, because the literature indicates that hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation are overrepresented with regard to osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, depression, and sexual problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The climacteric: aging of ovary and objective evaluation of the climacteric symptoms].

Since the geriatric population has been increasing in the recent years, the health care of the elderly, especially the climacteric group, has received special attention in the gynecological field. The primary endocrine feature during the climacteric is the decline in estradiol (E2) production due to the loss of ovarian function. Pathophysiological characteristics of aging ovaries remain obscure. To understand the mechanism of the aging process in the ovaries, the lipid peroxidative status which has been suggested as a deteriorator involved in aging, and antioxidative defense system were investigated during aging. The amount of lipid peroxide (LPO) as a free radical decreased steadily in human ovaries with aging. In contrast, antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) showed a rapidly decreasing rate in these enzyme activities after 45 and 50 years of age, respectively. The in vitro production of E2 following the incubation with FSH was also measured in human ovaries with aging. The results indicate an excellent positive correlation between E2 production and the level of GSH-Px and reduced glutathione, but a negative correlation between E2 production and the amount of LPO. Our data suggest that the relatively high level of LPO to SOD and/or GSH-Px following 45 years of age may play an important role in the aging process of human ovaries. From the clinical aspect of the climacteric, scientific evaluation of the climacteric symptoms and responses to various therapies has not been sufficiently addressed because of the lack of a practical technique for objectively measuring the symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Climacteric disturbances. 2. Therapy of climacteric disturbances].

After defining the terms climacterium and menopause the causes of climacteric disturbances are explained. During the premenopausal stage disturbances of the cycle are prevailing, caused by an insufficiency of the corpus luteum. Of climacteric disturbances should be spoken only after menopause. They are divided into: vegetative disturbances, troubles of metabolism, cardiovascular dysregulation, psychic deviations, sexual troubles and changes of the skin. The therapy of disturbances during the premenopausal stage mainly consists of the substitution of progesterone or in a cycle-like estrogen-progesterone-therapy. In the premenopausal stage estrogens are the therapy of choice. Among orally efficient estrogens the conjugated estrogen and the estradiol-valerianat are preferred. Side-effects and contraindications are discussed in detail. Among gynecologists there exists no disagreement about the necessity of therapy of serious climacteric disturbances, the opinions about prophylactic estrogen-therapy in women differ.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosomatic aspects of females in the climacteric. The climacteric--psychosomatics--personality structure].

In this experimental study, the feelings of climacterium in two groups of menopausal women were compared (a test group with climacteric complaints vs a control group without complaints). 70 patients were given a questionnaire: EWL by Janke and Debus, FPI and Giessen-test. The evaluation of the socio-economic data exhibited the fact, that patients in the group with complaints took more drugs than the other group and were more inclined to weight gain. Gynecological data showed significant differences in the beginning and the experience of menstruation. Psychological tests of the group with complaints showed a lack of self-assurance and increased anxiety. These women had also a tendency toward psychosomatic disorders and were less assertive in their social contacts. The discriminant analysis of menopausal and personality variables classified the women equally into the group with complaints compared to the control group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalence and factors associated with hot flashes in climacteric and post-climacteric women].

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prevalence of hot flashes and associated factors among women from 40 to 69 years old, from a population-based sample in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. A multi-stage sampling process was used, and data were collected through an interview and a self-applied questionnaire. A total of 879 women were included. Point prevalence and lifetime prevalence were 30.1% and 53.2%, respectively. Factors associated with hot flashes were: pre-menopausal status (RP = 2.33) and post-menopausal status (RP = 2.66); age 45-49 years (RP = 1.34) and 50-54 years (RP = 1.42); lower social class (RP = 2.16); no use of a hormonal contraception method after 40 years of age (RP = 1.40); obesity (RP = 1.39) and overweight (RP = 1.32); and not having a partner (RP = 0.80). High prevalence of this symptom indicates that health facilities should be prepared to deal with problems encountered by climacteric women.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

PpEG4 is a peach endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene whose expression in climacteric peaches does not follow a climacteric pattern.

In peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) the degradation of the pectic compounds of the cell wall is considered to be the principal component responsible for fruit softening. Many genes encoding enzymes acting on the different polymers of the pectic matrix have been shown to be highly expressed during the late phases of softening, with polygalacturonase being the most important. Nevertheless, it is known that softening starts well before the ethylene climacteric rise which occurs concomitant with the maximal expression of the pectolytic enzymes. The cloning and characterization of PpEG4, an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EGase) gene preferentially expressed in preclimacteric fruits, are presented here. PpEG4 belongs to the group of EGases containing, at their carboxy-terminus, a peptide similar to the cellulose binding domain of microbial origin. This EGase is also expressed during abscission of both leaves and fruits. The effect of exogenous ethylene treatments on PpEG4 transcription is null in young fruits and negative in preclimacteric ones, while it is positive in abscission zones. Thus, the expression of PpEG4 seems to be more dependent on the type of separation process rather than being influenced by a direct hormone action. The ability of the PpEG4 regulatory sequences to drive transcription in cells undergoing separation events is also maintained in tomato, where about 3 kb of the gene promoter could drive the expression of gusA in preclimacteric fruits and in the fruit abscission zones.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Has the climacteric been medicalized? A study on the use of medication for climacteric complaints in four countries.

In order to compare the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), non-hormonal treatment for the menopause, and tranquillizers, samples of about 300 women aged over 40 were interviewed in France, the United Kingdom, the former West Germany and Italy. The proportion of women in the samples using HRT varied from 3% in Italy to 25% in Germany. The figures for non-hormonal treatment ranged from 2-13%, and for tranquillizers from 5-28%. The use of both HRT and non-hormonal treatment was found to be related to the perimenopause and the corresponding age groups and that of HRT to higher educational level. Tranquillizer use was related to the postmenopause and lower educational level. After controlling for potential confounding effects of menopausal status, educational level, gainful employment and civil status, it emerged that HRT use rates varied significantly between the countries surveyed. It is concluded that cultural differences exist between these countries as to the prescription and acceptance of HRT.

Adult↗