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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Carotenoids and chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of deaths in North America. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to have protective effects against such chronic diseases. Carotenoids are important plant pigments which are thought to contribute towards the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable consumption. This review focuses on the role of carotenoids and particularly lycopene in chronic diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Health psychology: psychological adjustment to chronic disease.

Chronic diseases carry important psychological and social consequences that demand significant psychological adjustment. The literature is providing increasingly nuanced conceptualizations of adjustment, demonstrating that the experience of chronic disease necessitates adaptation in multiple life domains. Heterogeneity in adjustment is apparent between individuals and across the course of the disease trajectory. Focusing on cancer, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatic diseases, we review longitudinal investigations of distal (socioeconomic variables, culture/ethnicity, and gender-related processes) and proximal (interpersonal relationships, personality attributes, cognitive appraisals, and coping processes) risk and protective factors for adjustment across time. We observe that the past decade has seen a surge in research that is longitudinal in design, involves adequately characterized samples of sufficient size, and includes statistical control for initial values on dependent variables. A progressively convincing characterization of risk and protective factors for favorable adjustment to chronic illness has emerged. We identify critical issues for future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

A model of self-regulation for control of chronic disease.

Chronic disease poses increasing threat to individual and community health. The day-to-day manager of disease is the patient who undertakes actions with the guidance of a clinician. The ability of the patient to control the illness through an effective therapeutic plan is significantly influenced by social and behavioral factors. This article presents a model of patient management of chronic disease that accounts for intrapersonal and extemal influences on management and emphasizes the central role of self-regulatory processes in disease control. Asthma serves as a case for exploration of the model. Findings from a 5-year study of 637 children with asthma and their care-taking parents supported that the self-regulation elements of the model were reasonably stable over time and baseline values were predictive of important disease management outcomes.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Clinical research databases and clinical decision making in chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases are the major source of morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. Large-scale longitudinal databases are rapidly proliferating in both single- and multi-institutional settings, providing clinical data on a broad range of patients who receive 'real world' management. Although bias and changing medical management may limit the types of questions that can be addressed using the data contained in longitudinal clinical databases, many initial hypotheses can be generated from the data. Because chronic diseases persist over long periods of time, understanding the impact of temporal relationships, and of concurrent clinical events and contexts is critical to meaningful interpretation of clinical data. Adapting techniques initially developed for the physical sciences and for statistical process control can produce visual displays of clinical data that capture complex temporal and contextual information. With these tools, investigators can quickly explore vast quantities of clinical data, and discover new temporal relationships and emerging trends.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Dietary fat and the prevention of chronic disease.

Chronic diseases are generally taken to include obesity (especially abdominal), diabetes, macrovascular disease (MVD), affecting all medium distributing arteries and the organs they supply, osteoporosis, and various cancers (notably breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate and skin) and dementia. Unfortunately, they may not be so chronic, as their consequences for morbidity and mortality may occur early in adult life and proceed rapidly. Since they all, in one way or another, have food, nutritional and other environmental and lifestyle contributions, the term Eco-Nutritional disease may be preferred. Insofar as the nutritional basis of chronic disease is concerned, we may simply speak of nutritionally-related disorders or diseases (NRD). In regard to fat and END or NRD, the key considerations are how diverse the sources are and what it does to energy density (ED) and nutrient density (ND). These are reflected in the 2003 WHO report 9816 on "Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Disease".

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

Tacklinq chronic disease.

Chronic disease management is being given top priority by the Government through a number of policy documents and initiatives. Judith Chamberlain-Webber describes recent changes and the opportunities they are opening up, particularly for nurses working with patients with long-term conditions.

Case Management↗
PubMed1992

[Chronic disease, the chronic patient and his family. Psychosocial impact of diabetes mellitus].

Concerning a revision about the mutual influence between the diabetes, the diabetic and his family, the author reviews the literature about the psychosocial area of the Family Physician content's work. It is also confirmed the high prevalency of the chronic disease and the importance of the family ecosystem, not only as support but also as problem to the bearing person of such type of disease. Studies of chronic disease indicate that family dysfunction is associated with poor health outcomes. The areas which more and better have been studied in this scope are reviewed. Thus, having as backdrop the diabetes management, the family's diabetic influence in general is reviewed, as well as the parental attitudes, the family organization and the family life events. Finally, the health care team role is reviewed and particulary the role of the family physician in the management of this type of patients. It is pointed out, as example of the Family Medicine specific contribution, the improving cooperation with medical treatment from the diabetic.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Lupus erythematosus-like oral mucosal and skin lesions in a carrier of chronic granulomatous disease. Chronic granulomatous disease carrier genodermatosis.

We present a case of a young female patient who for 8 years was believed to have discoid lupus erythematosus of the skin and oral mucosae. Only after her infant son had a near-fatal pulmonary infection was the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease made and her lupus erythematosus-like mucocutaneous lesions recognized as manifestations of her carrier status for chronic granulomatous disease. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of and better characterize the mucocutaneous manifestations of carriers of chronic granulomatous disease. Early identification of carriers permits genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis and forewarns pediatricians so that they can provide better care for affected infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acid hydrolases in monocytes from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

A sensitive technique was used to estimate two acid hydrolases--N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (N.A.G.) and beta-glucuronidase (B.G.)--produced by peripheral-blood monocytes. Enzyme levels were measured after in-vitro incubation of monocytes with or without stimulation by zymosan and endotoxin. Compared with controls, enzyme production and release in inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis were markedly raised. It is suggested that various stimuli, including immunological ones, may be responsible for the release of such enzymes from monocytes and that such release may be a factor in the production of the chronic inflammation seen in these disorders.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed2003

Emerging relationships of inflammation, cardiovascular disease and chronic diseases of aging.

The last 10 y have seen an enormous surge in research focused on inflammation and atherosclerotic heart disease. In parallel, inflammation (used as a term to represent a broad array of response systems) has become a topic of interest in a number of different areas of chronic disease including type II diabetes, cognitive decline and frailty, among others. These discoveries are opening up many new opportunities for risk assessment. For example, markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein are becoming established as important additions in helping to define those at the greatest risk of progressive vascular disease. These discoveries are also important in the area of risk management. Older medications now in wide use are being found to have previously unknown anti-inflammatory effects (eg, statins); these effects are now viewed as being important to the overall effectiveness of these compounds. In addition, the many different aspects of inflammation provide a wealth of targets for new therapeutics, which will be increasingly important as the population continues to age. Although daunting in complexity, studies on the relation of inflammation to disease have already proven useful, and hold promise for providing fundamental advances in both basic biology and clinical medicine.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Psychosomatic principles and therapy of chronic diseases].

Chronic illness is the main problem in modern medicine. The manner in which a person psychologically faces his chronic illnesses and attempts to deal with them represents his individual coping process. Psychosocial disturbances are more frequently present in the chronically ill than in the physically healthy and require application of step-wise psychotherapeutic treatment measures. Different problems and disturbances demand distinct therapeutic approaches. The therapeutic measures range from a comprehensive psychosomatic extensive treatment by a physician to professional psychotherapy.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2006

Probiotics and chronic disease.

In today's climate, changed lifestyles and the increased use of antibiotics are significant factors that affect the preservation of a healthy intestinal microflora. The concept of probiotics is to restore and maintain a microflora advantageous to the human body. Probiotics are found in a number of fermented dairy products, infant formula, and dietary supplements. Basic research on probiotics has suggested several modes of action beneficial for the human body and clinical research has proven its preventive and curative features in different intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Chronic diseases cause considerable disablement in patients and represent a substantial economic burden on healthcare resources. Research has demonstrated a crucial role of nutrition in the prevention of chronic disease. Thus, positive, strain-specific effects of probiotics have been shown in diarrheal diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, and in atopic diseases and in the prevention of cancer. As the majority of probiotics naturally inhabit the human intestinal microflora, their use has been regarded as very safe. However, in view of the range of potential benefits on health that might be achieved by the use of some probiotic bacteria, major and thorough evaluation is still necessary. In conclusion, probiotics act as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of chronic diseases.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

HLA-DR2 predicts susceptibility and disease chronicity in Irish sarcoidosis patients.

BACKGROUND: HLA-DR2 (15) and 14 (6) have been recently proposed as susceptibility alleles for the development of sarcoidosis and HLA-DR15 as a marker of poor outcome, but validation in other populations is necessary. METHODS: Employing serological techniques, we HLA-typed 103 Irish sarcoidosis patients and 105 ethnically-matched healthy controls for class I A and B and II DR and DQ alleles. RESULTS: HLA-B5 (10% vs. 2%, p = 0.018) and DR2 (45% vs. 27%, p = 0.007) were positively associated and B15 (0% vs. 7%, p = 0.01) negatively associated with sarcoidosis compared to control subjects. Seventy-five patients were followed > 2 years and 47 (63%) had chronic and 28 (37%) non-chronic disease. HLA-DR2 (55% vs. 27%, p = 0.001) and DR11 (26% vs. 5%, p<0.0001) were significantly more frequent in chronic disease vs. controls, in contrast to HLA-DR3 (13% vs. 38%, p = 0.002), which had a significant negative association. HLA-B5 (11% vs. 2%, p = 0.029) and DR3 (64% vs. 38%, p = 0.005) were significantly more frequent in non-chronic disease. Of the 29 patients achieving spontaneous remission, 24 (83%) were HLA-DR3 -positive and DR3-positivity was associated with significantly greater carbon monoxide diffusion at follow-up compared to DR3-negative patients (90% vs. 82% predicted, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the role of HLA-DR2 (15) as both a susceptibility and poor prognostic marker in sarcoidosis and DR2 positive patients may particularly benefit from close follow-up and early treatment. In contrast, DR3 positive patients are at a much lesser risk of chronic disease. Studies for long-term treatment effects require stratification for HLA-DR2 and DR3 status.

Adult↗