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Results for “Choroid Diseases”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Gene therapy for retinal and choroidal diseases.

The eye is a small compartment separated from the systemic circulation by the blood-ocular barriers, providing advantages for intraocular gene transfer - an approach which is being investigated for several types of retinal and choroidal diseases. A compelling application is gene replacement for homozygous loss-of-function mutations in genes differentially expressed in photoreceptors or retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells that result in retinal degeneration. Considerable progress has been made in this area, including demonstration of return of visual function in RPE65 (-/-) dogs after subretinal injection of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding RPE65, providing groundwork for a clinical trial in patients with Leber's Congenital Amaurosis. Proof of principle has been provided for intraocular gene transfer of ribozymes for dominantly inherited retinal degenerations. Survival factor gene therapy shows promise for treatments that may be used in multiple retinal degenerations. Transduction of intraocular and/or periocular cells with constructs that encode antiangiogenic proteins provides a new approach for sustained local delivery treatment of retinal and choroidal neovascularisation. While considerable investigation remains to work out critical details, there is substantial evidence suggesting that in the near future, gene therapy-based treatments will be an important addition to what is currently offered to patients with retinal and/or choroidal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Stress protein expression in the Alzheimer-diseased choroid plexus.

Abnormal patterns of stress protein expression are found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer (AD) subjects. In this study, expression of various stress proteins in the Alzheimer-diseased choroid plexus (CP) was assessed immunohistochemically. We observed decreased HO-1 immunoreactivity in the AD CP, commensurate with our earlier report of suppressed HO-1 protein levels in AD cerebrospinal fluid (Schipper et al., Neurology 54:1297-1304, 2000). Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 was up-regulated in the AD CP relative to controls. There was a trend towards increased expression of HSP60, a mitochondrial stress protein; this is compatible with mitochondrial pathology recently documented in AD CP. Up-regulation of HSP90, a steroid receptor chaperone, in the AD CP may indicate abnormal hormone receptor expression in this secretory tissue. Glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 and 94 immunostaining was diminished in AD CP, implicating possible derangements in glucose or calcium homeostasis. Oxidative stress, per se, is probably not responsible for our observations because: i) there were no noticeable differences in the expression of HSP 70, ubiquitin, and alpha-B crystallin in the AD CP; and ii) augmentation, rather than the noted suppression, of HO-1 immunoreactivity would have been expected.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Neurologic complications of Hodgkin's disease. Choroid plexus involvement.

Involvement of the choroid plexus by lymphoma (Hodgkin) is a hitherto undescribed complication. We report herein the case of a 49-year-old man who developed, shortly before death, neurologic symptoms seemingly related to extensive involvement of choroid plexus and surrounding ventricular structures by lymphoma (Hodgkin's). There was also multifocal involvement of cranial nerves and spinal canal contents.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience in the differential diagnosis of peripapillary "geographic" choroid disease and tuberculous chorioretinitis].

The etiology of peripapillary choriopathy (so-called geographic serpiginous choroiditis) is still unknown. This condition should be differentiated from tuberculous chorioretinitis because both abnormalities are characterized by a prolonged chronic course with involvement of the choroid and retina in young and middle-aged patients. The present study analyzes the results of a follow-up of 32 patients with peripapillary choriopathy; before these patients were admitted to hospital, ocular tuberculosis was diagnosed in 19 and suspected in 13 of them by local specialists. The authors came to a conclusion that the major differential diagnostic criteria here should be specific features of the ophthalmoscopic picture and of fluorescent angiograms of the fundus oculi, as well as the results of tuberculin diagnosis and tentative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Outcome of iatrogenic choroidal neovascularisation in sickle cell disease.

Choroidal neovascularisation developed in 62/66 (94%) eyes followed up for a mean period of 11.2 years after treatment with xenon arc feeder vessel coagulation for proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR). In 27 eyes the neovascularisation was chorioretinal alone and in 35 eyes choriovitreal. Chorioretinal neovascularisation (CRN) was a benign complication but may convert to choriovitreal neovascularisation (CVN). Late sequelae of CVN included vitreous haemorrhage, posterior vitreous face fibrosis, and tractional retinal detachment. Visual loss (of greater than or equal to 3 Snellen lines for greater than or equal to 3 months) occurred in nine eyes affected by choroidal neovascularisation, though because of other pathology this could not always be attributed to the choroidal neovascularisation. The incidence of visual loss in CVN affected eyes was significantly greater, by survival curve analysis, than in eyes affected by CRN alone. Permanent visual loss from tractional retinal detachment definitely attributable to CVN occurred in 2/35 (6%) eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Choroid plexus, aging of the brain, and Alzheimer's disease.

Choroid plexus tissues are intraventricular structures composed of villi covered by a single layer of ciliated, cuboid epithelium. The plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synthesize numerous molecules, carry nutrients from the blood to CSF, reabsorb brain metabolism by-products and participate in brain immunosurveillance. During ageing, atrophy of epithelium occurs along with thickening of basement membranes. Enzymatic activities of epithelial cells decrease significantly. CSF secretion decreases as much as 50%. These modifications are concurrent with subnormal brain activity. In Alzheimer's disease, epithelial atrophy, thickening of basement membrane and stroma fibrosis are even more prominent. Ig and C1q deposition along the basement membrane can be frequently detected, suggesting immunological processes. Synthesis, secretory, and transportation functions are significantly altered resulting in decreased CSF turnover, reduced beta-amyloid clearance, and increased glycation phenomena as well as oxidative stress. Such modifications may favour fibrillary transformation of beta-amyloid protein and tau protein polymerisation.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Choroidal neovascularisation induced by photocoagulation in sickle cell disease.

Choroidal neovascularisation occurred in 35 out of 57 (61%) patients during a trial of xenon are photocoagulation in proliferative sickle retinopathy. Nineteen patients manifested abnormal vessel systems in the plane of the retina which tended to be benign, not enlarging, and without complications (choroidoretinal neovascularisation). In 16 patients the abnormal vessel systems grew into the vitreous, tended to increase in size, and to be associated with vitreous haemorrhage and retinal traction (choroidovitreal neovascularisation). Both forms of neovascularisation were significantly more common at younger ages. Treatment was generally unsatisfactory, frequently resulting in further enlargement of the lesions. Although the natural history of choroidal neovascularisation and its ultimate effect on visual function remains to be recorded, these lesions constitute a common and potentially serious complication of xenon are photocoagulation in proliferative sickle retinopathy as currently performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Neuroprotection by encapsulated choroid plexus in a rodent model of Huntington's disease.

Choroid plexus from neonatal pigs was encapsulated in alginate microcapsules and transplanted into the rat striatum. Three days later, the same animals received unilateral injections of quinolinic acid (225 nmol) into the ipsilateral striatum. Choroid plexus transplants ameliorated the weight loss and motor impairments resulting from QA. Histological analysis demonstrated that choroid plexus transplants reduced the volume of striatal damage and protected ChAT-, but not NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons. These data are the first to demonstrate that transplanted choroid plexus cells can protect striatal neurons from excitotoxic damage and that this strategy may ultimately prove relevant for the treatment of Huntington's disease.

Alginates↗
PubMed1993

Occult retinal and choroidal vascular disease. The value of timed and directed fluorescein angiography.

BACKGROUND: Acute vascular disease of the choroid or large vessels of the retina is usually accompanied by funduscopic signs. In instances of monocular visual loss, such objective signs are important diagnostic clues that the pathology is in the eye and not in the optic nerve. METHODS: Fluorescein angiography was timed in a consistent manner, and photographs were taken at two frames per second. Orientation of the camera was customized for each patient based on the location of the visual field defect. RESULTS: Eight patients with monocular visual loss were referred because the cause of the visual loss was not evident. In each patient, fluorescein angiography showed vascular disease of either the choroid or retina, despite normal-appearing fundi. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescein angiography can detect otherwise occult vascular disease of the retina or choroid. In eyes with monocular scotomas, the angiogram should be performed with the camera oriented with respect to the location of the visual field defect. Accurately timed, rapid sequence photography provides additional information about rate and symmetry of flow. Focal areas of hypoperfusion often are incidental but deserve added consideration when they correspond to the location of a scotoma.

Adult↗