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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cell mediated immunity in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger): in vitro lymphocyte transformation.

The cell mediated immune system of the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) was examined using both in vivo and in vitro methods. An in vitro lymphocyte transformation microassay was developed utilizing tritiated thymidine incorporation into spleen cells stimulated by the nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin-M. Peak stimulation of blastogenesis occurred between 48 and 72 hours of incubation with 5 X 10(6) cells/ml in 12.5 mul phytohemagglutinin-M/ml. In spleen cell cultures from chinchillas sensitized 2 weeks previously with Freund's complete adjuvant plus additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis, incubation of 2.5 X 10(6) or 5 X 10(6) cells/ml with 50 mug/ml of the specific antigen, purified protein derivative, produced marked blastogenesis after 96 hours. The blastogenic response of the chinchilla to this specific antigen was extraordinarily high when compared with transformation responses of canine, bovine and avian peripheral blood lymphocytes utilizing a similar microassay system. The macroscopic in vivo delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response to an intradermal injection of 10 mug purified protein derivative into chinchillas previously sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant plus Mycobacterium tuberculosis appeared to be deficient. Grossly, erythema and induration were very slight or absent; however, histologically a slight cutaneous inflammatory response of mixed but predominantly mononuclear leukocytes was observed. The chinchilla's unique ability to display an extraordinary in vitro lymphocyte transformation response and its apparent inability to mount a consistent observable delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response makes it an excellent model for the further study of the relationship of these phenomena to the total concept of cell mediated immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cytoarchitectonic atlas of the cochlear nucleus of the chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger.

A detailed cytoarchitectonic atlas of the chinchilla cochlear nucleus complex was prepared in the transverse plane with the Nissl method. Subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus were defined on the basis of cell size, cell packing density, and, in some cases, on cytological features of cell types. In general, the chinchilla cochlear nucleus has an organizational plan similar to that described for other mammalian species. As in other rodents, the chinchilla has a large and well-developed dorsal cochlear nucleus consisting of three distinct layers. The ventral cochlear nucleus consists of two distinct nuclear masses, a posterior nuclear group and an anterior nuclear group, each composed of several subdivisions, which are qualitatively similar to those described for other mammals. Thus it is now possible to compare detailed observations, such as tonotopic maps, in the chinchilla with findings from the analogous cell populations in other mammals, such as the cat, with considerable precision. In the chinchilla, three cell groups, previously undescribed in mammals, have been defined and their counterparts in the cat identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Fine structure of the vomeronasal organ in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

Fine structure of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) was examined in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) from a viewpoint of comparative anatomy. The VNO of chinchilla was a pair of tubular structure, about 6mm in length, and situated bilaterally along the base of the nasal septum. The VNO was encircled rostrally by the vomeronasal cartilage, but caudally by a bony capsule. The VNO communicated with the nasal cavity via a small pore at its rostral end, while it ended blindly at its caudal end. Its lumen was crescent to elliptical in a transverse plane, and lined medially with the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE), but laterally with the vomeronasal respiratory epithelium (VRE). Jacobson's glands were tubulo-alveolar in type and distributed from the dorsolateral to the ventrolateral region of the VNO and opened with the duct to the lumen in the transitional region from the VSE to the VRE. Their secretions were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive but alcian blue (AB)-negative. The VSE consisted of sensory, supporting and basal cells. Supporting cells were characteristic of a large number of huge dense bodies in the perinuclear cytoplasm. The other ultrastructural features in sensory, supporting and basal cells of the VSE were similar to those in the previous reports. The VRE consisted of ciliated, non-ciliated and basal cells. Acinar cells of Jacobson's gland possessed two types of secretory granules. Secretory granules of one type were homogeneous and electronlucent, about 1,700nm in diameter, while granules of the other type were about 2,200nm in diameter, and various in electron density. The present findings suggest that the VNO is functionally active in the chinchilla.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructural observation of paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules in anterior pituitary cells of the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

Unusual paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules which have not been described in any other mammalian species were observed in cultured anterior pituitary cells of normal chinchillas as well as in situ in the pituitary glands of these animals. These aggregates appeared as regularly arranged tubular structures in the longitudinal plane, and as a checkerboard pattern of closely and regularly packed microtubules when examined in transverse section. Supplementation with vinblastine, colcemide or colchicine in the culture medium did not change these structures morphologically. Each unit of tubules consisted of an outer wall or parallelogram profile and an inner wall composed of a single hexagonal doublet or in a figure "8"form. The outer wall of the parallelogram was 35 X 28 nm in length for both sides, while the diagonal of the inner wall was 18 X 28 nm. These paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules in the chinchilla pituitary cells are morphologically distinct from the paracrystalline assembly of cytoplasmic microtubules induced by vinblastine or other alkaloids. The function and significance of these paracrystalline aggregates in anterior pituitary cells of the chinchilla are uncertain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Seasonal fluctuations in plasma protein fraction levels of chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger, M.).

Seasonal changes in blood plasma protein fractions in chinchilla females and males were found. Plasma albumin levels in both sexes vary according to season, generally low in winter and spring and high in summer and autumn. The levels of alpha 1-globulin and gamma-globulin increase markedly in spring (1.5 times higher than in winter and autumn). In chinchilla females, the levels of alpha 2-globulin and beta 2-globulin varied biphasically, being higher in winter and summer. In males, clear seasonal trends in the levels of both fractions were not observed. The beta 1-globulin fraction levels vary throughout the year. In females as well as males, globulin decreases during winter to minimal values in late spring, and then increases again during the summer to remain at the same level till autumn.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1987

Twenty-four hour changes in lysozyme levels, total plasma protein concentration, gamma-globulin concentration, white blood cell count and numbers of lymphocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood of chinchillas Chinchilla laniger M. and rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus L.

Twenty-four hour changes in lysozyme level, total plasma protein concentration, gamma-globulin concentration, leucocyte number and different forms of leucocyte in the peripheral blood of male chinchillas and rabbits were investigated. All investigated parameters in both species showed statistically significant 24-hr changes, but only total plasma protein concentration in rabbits and gamma-globulin concentration and leucocyte number in chinchillas have a circadian rhythm character. The cosine curve characteristics for these rhythms are as follows; acrophases 0.45 + 2.18 hr, 10.02 + 4.29 hr, 2.14 + 3.20 hr; amplitudes 0.48 + 0.32 g%, 0.34 + 0.41 g%, 1.12 + 0.88 X 10(3)/min3; mesors 6.10 + 0.22 g%, 2.23 + 0.21 g%, 8.78 + 0.65 X 10(3)/mm3, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Naturally occurring histoplasmosis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

Histoplasmosis was diagnosed histopathologically in a female chinchilla. This animal had originated from a commercial chinchilla ranch in central Missouri. Seventeen of 130 animals in the colony had died within a month's period with a respiratory illness. This animal had a history of fur chewing, but this was not true of all the other animals that had died. Histoplasma capsulatum was cultured from timothy hay used for food.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

A simple method for intravenous injection and blood collection in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

A simple method is outlined for intravenous injection and blood collection from a peripheral vein in the chinchilla. Seven peripheral vein sites were successfully venipunctured in unanaesthetized chinchillas: the femoral, cephalic, auricular, saphenous, dorsalis penis, lateral abdominal and tail veins. The femoral and cephalic veins were found to be the best sites for injection and blood collection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Qualities and locations of stimuli and responses affecting discrimination learning of chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) and pigeons (Columba livia).

Chinchillas and pigeons were used as subjects in separate experiments to study interactions among stimulus and response characteristics in discrimination learning. Both the stimuli and the responses could differ with respect to their "quality" and their "location." Bright versus dim lights and upper versus lower lights served as the stimulus qualities and stimulus locations for the chinchillas, respectively. Red versus green lights and upper versus lower lights served as the stimulus qualities and stimulus locations for the pigeons, respectively. Respond versus no-respond and respond-left versus respond-right served as the response qualities and response locations, for both species, respectively. In both experiments, response-quality performance was superior when the discriminative stimuli differed in quality than when they differed in location, whereas response-location performance was superior when the discriminative stimuli differed in location than when they differed in quality. These results were interpreted within the framework provided by a general law of learning, that is, the "quality-location hypothesis."

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Adaptation of the orbital sinus bleeding technique to the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

The orbital sinus bleeding technique was used to obtain 1-3 ml samples of venous blood from chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) within 1 minute. By monitoring food intake and body weight, this technique was shown to have no detrimental effects on the general health of the animals, but serial samples taken twice weekly over a period of 2 months did induce some degree of hemorrhage or occasional corneal opacity in some animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal changes in the haematological indices in peripheral blood of chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger L.).

Changes in nine haematological indices in adult female and male chinchilla were investigated over a period of 18 months. All haematological values were in the same range both for females and males, although seasonal fluctuations were more evident in the females. High levels of the red blood cells count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) during the winter months and low levels of these parameters during the summer months were found. The white blood cells count (WBC) and lymphocyte number (L) also decreased in summer, their values increasing during autumn and spring. The haematocrit values (Ht) and mean cell volumes (MCV) are high during the summer and low during the winter.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral plasma progesterone concentration and haematological indices during normal pregnancy of chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger, M.).

Peripheral plasma progesterone concentration and some haematological indices in pregnant chinchillas were studied. As pregnancy advanced progesterone concentration showed a marked change from high values in early pregnancy (days 9-29), to undetectable values by days 40-60, and from high values in the latter states of pregnancy (days 70-80), to very low values during the 30 days before parturition. Haematocrit value and mean erythrocyte volume change inversely to progesterone concentration fluctuations. White blood cell parameters increased during the first half of pregnancy, then decreased to the lowest level before parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Clinical ocular findings in a colony of chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger).

Examination of 14 aged chinchillas revealed a shallow orbit, a rudimentary nictitating membrane, a large cornea, a densely pigmented iris with a vertical slit pupil, and an anangiotic fundus with variable vascularization of the optic disc. Mean intraocular pressure was 18.5 /+- 5.75 standard deviation mmHg. Bilateral posterior cortical cataracts and asteroid hyalosis were observed in 2 animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ketamine-acepromazine as an anaesthetic agent for chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger).

Intramuscular injections of ketamine-acepromazine provided satisfactory surgical levels of anaesthesia. Induction was smooth. There was a wide margin of safety with no significant side effects, and there were no deaths attributable to anaesthesia. Induction time was 4-6 min, duration of surgical anaesthesia was 40-60 min, with complete recovery in 2-5 h. 80 chinchillas were used for this study.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1976

A restraining device and oral dosing technic for the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

A device, based on the principle of a cattle squeeze chute, was designed for restraining a chinchilla; and a cannula-tipped syringe was designed for introducing a solution into the animal's throat. The restraining device allows 1 person to conduct routine clinical procedures while the cannula-tipped syringe facilitates oral administration of liquids.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

The colonic separation mechanism in the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus) and the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

In guinea-pig, the concentration of nitrogen and viable bacteria were nearly twice as high in the contents of the colonic furrow compared to the contents of the corresponding lumen. Labelled bacteria infused into the proximal colon of guinea-pigs were transported in the furrow into the caecum. Both species produced two types of pellets, one nitrogen-rich intended for caecotrophy, and one nitrogen-poor delivered as faecal pellets. The furrow is part of a separation mechanism in both species saving bacteria for the animals.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗