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Results for “Child Worth”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Measuring the costs of children: an alternative approach.

Problems related to the concept of the "cost of a child", more commonly known as the general equivalence scale, are reviewed. The importance of this concept is noted with regard to both theoretical and empirical studies relating to taxation, poverty, income distribution, dietary needs, income maintenance programs, supplementary and child benefits, and other social security payments. "This paper proposes a new methodology for calculating the scale using a framework which is consistent with utility theory and which overcomes the identification problem without having to enforce the arbitrary prior assumptions of recent studies. The proposed method allows easy calculation of not only the basic 'scale' parameter but also how it varies with price and reference utility. [The author illustrates] the usefulness of the procedure by estimating on U.K. budget data at two different levels of aggregation and employing two sets of quite different functional forms. The results are plausible, compare favourably with one another and, hence, confirm the robustness and usefulness of the proposed procedure."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Models of economic theory of population growth].

"The economic theory of population growth applies the opportunity cost approach to the fertility decision. Variations and differentials in fertility are caused by the available resources and relative prices or by the relative production costs of child services. Pure changes in real income raise the demand for children or the total amount spent on children. If relative prices or production costs and real income are affected together the effect on fertility requires separate consideration." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Economic approaches to fertility: a comparative analysis of the New Home Economics and Easterlin theories].

"The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the New Home Economics and Easterlin theories of fertility, within a critical context. It is emphasized that in spite of similarities between the two theories, each makes distinct contributions: while one stresses the cost of children as a determinant of fertility, the other stresses the importance of material aspirations through the relative income concept." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The costs of children: a review of methods and results.

The author "examines the difficulties of estimating the direct costs of children, arguing that the cost of a child is not an objective fact but varies according to tastes and preferences, and the amount of money parents have to spend on their children." The geographical focus is on Australia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Putting a price tag on children.

"This chapter shows that...there are many different aspects to the cost of a child and...many different measures have been developed. The chapter...argues that theories of fertility need to specify carefully the definition of child costs and that the assumptions underlying existing measures need to be made plain.... The review is divided into three major sections: babies, childcare and children. The sources covered range from popular magazines and Mothercare catalogues to the only large-scale official [U.K.] survey of maternity and its costs, undertaken in 1946. The items covered range from the price of babies' essentials to the fees at schools...as well as the costs of maintaining a child at university."

Adolescent↗