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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Purification and characterization of a hemagglutinin isolated from the leaves of Chenopodium (Chenopodium amaranticolor).

A hemagglutinin was isolated and purified from the leaves of Chenopodium (Chenopodium amaranticolor) using ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on fetuin-agarose matrix. It agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. The hemagglutinin had a native molecular mass of 58 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration and showed a single band of molecular mass of 33 kDa on SDS-PAGE. It showed hemagglutination activity over the pH range 3-12 and was found to be stable up to 70 degrees C. On isoelectrofocussing, the pI of this hemagglutinin was estimated to be 5.25. However, it was found to contain seven charge variants when isoelectrofocussing was performed in presence of 6M urea.

Chenopodium↗
PubMed2004

Ascaridole-less infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides contain a nematocide(s) that is(are) not toxic to mammalian smooth muscle.

Infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) have been used for centuries in the Americas as a popular remedy against intestinal worm infections. The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides contains high levels of ascaridole, which is a potent anthelmintic, but which has also been responsible for human fatalities, leading to its disuse. Almost 90% of the nematocidal activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions was due to a hydrophilic component different from ascaridole. Synthetic ascaridole and the ascaridole from infusions, extracted into hexane, caused a reduction of carbachol-induced contractions in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle at concentrations required to kill Caenorhabditis elegans (L.). The herbal infusion and the ascaridole-free hexane-extracted aqueous residue of the above infusion, at nematocidal concentrations, had no detectable effect on smooth muscle contraction in the above system. It would appear that the traditional form of usage of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions as a vermifuge is safer than the use of the herb's essential oil.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by 2-substituted 4-alkyl-6-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines with thylakoids from wild-type and atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album.

The effect of 2-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines on photosynthetic electron transport (PET) was measured with thylakoids isolated from atrazine-resistant, wild-type Chenopodium album, and spinach to find novel 1,3,5-triazine herbicides bearing a strong PET inhibition. The PET inhibition assay with Chenopodium (wild-type and resistant), yielded a resistance ratio (R/W = I50 (resistant)/I50 (wild-type)) of 324 for atrazine while for benzylamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives of diamino-1,3,5-triazines a R/W of 11 to 160 was found. The compounds having a benzylamino group at one of the amino groups in the diamino-1,3,5-triazines have a resistant ratio down to one half to 1/30 of the atrazine value. The average resistance ratio of 21 benzylamino derivatives of monoamino-1,3,5-triazines was found to be about 4.0. The inhibition of 21 benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines assayed with atrazine-resistant Chenopodium thylakoids, indicated by pI50 (R)-values, correlated well with the PET inhibition pI50 (W) of wild-type thylakoids from Chenopodium.

Atrazine↗
PubMed2026

Phylogenomics reveals persistent gene-tree discordance in the Chenopodium album aggregate.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Complex genomic histories shaped by hybridisation and polyploidy can influence traits related to plant defence, stress tolerance and toxicity, particularly in Amaranthaceae, which includes crops such as quinoa and spinach. Within this family, white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), a widespread agricultural weed and traditional food resource, belongs to a diploid-polyploid aggregate with extensive phylogenetic discordance. Clarifying its evolutionary history provides context for interpreting ecologically and agronomically relevant trait variation across the aggregate. Building on the established genome-lineage framework, we tested whether discordance persists when constituent genome-lineage components are represented separately and whether the remaining signal is compatible with reticulate evolution. METHODS: We analysed 2,298 conserved nuclear BUSCO families across 27 assembly-level terminals using tree- and network-based approaches. Genome-lineage-aware analyses used 2,156 families after separating polyploid Chenopodium into A-H components, with Dysphania ambrosioides as outgroup. HyDe tested site-pattern asymmetry under global false-discovery-rate correction. KEY RESULTS: Assembly-level analyses grouped the Danish C. album aggregate accession Ca6-1 with hexaploid C. album sensu stricto dcCheAlbu1.1, whereas relationships among surrounding Chenopodium taxa were less stable. Genome-lineage-aware analyses recovered the expected B-, C- and D-affinity relationships, but substantial gene-family heterogeneity persisted. Reticulate network models fitted the assembly-level data better than bifurcating models, although inferred patterns differed between methods. HyDe detected significant site-pattern asymmetry in a small subset of loci, with most retained signal shared between the focal assemblies. CONCLUSIONS: Gene-tree discordance persists in the C. album aggregate after genome-lineage separation. The established genome-lineage framework captures the dominant phylogenomic structure, while residual heterogeneity is compatible with both tree-like and reticulate processes without identifying direct progenitors or a unique hybridisation history. This framework supports future analyses of lineage-specific and trait-associated loci related to plant defence, food quality and toxicity in C. album and related Amaranthaceae.

Chenopodium album↗
PubMed1992

Induction of neoplasms in Egyptian toads Bufo regularis by oil of chenopodium.

Feeding the Egyptian toad Bufo regularis with oil of the chenopodium plant induced hepatocellular carcinomas in 23% of the animals, and metastases of the primary liver tumors appeared in the kidneys of 6 toads. The earliest evidence of tumors appeared after 3 months of treatment. The average latent period of tumor induction was 3.6 +/- 0.4 months. It is speculated that oil of chenopodium may be one of the constituents of Chenopodium ambrosoides which is responsible for tumor induction in the toads B. regularis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence and clinical profile of the sensitization to Chenopodium in the province of Córdoba (Spain).

The sensitization to pollen from the Amarantaceae and Chenopodiaceae families is responsible for some pollinoses according to various authors. Following an aeropalynological carried out by the Botany Division of our University, we investigated the sensitization to Chenopodium in our pollinic patients in order to establish their clinical patterns. We evaluated 14 variables in Chenopodium-sensitive (CHE +) and nonsensitive (CHE -) patients; the results were analysed by using a computerized statistical programme. Of the 1,000 records reviewed, 38% corresponded to pollinic patients, of whom 8.42% were sensitive to pollen from this family. We found no significant differences between the two groups in the parameters representative of atopic features (e.g. eosinophilia, IgE). However, marked differences were indeed found in the age of appearance of symptoms, frequency of clinical pictures, origin of the patients, duration of the symptoms and evolution upon immunotherapeutic treatment not involving this antigen. These findings endow the sensitization to Chenopodium with special features which should be taken into account in choosing a specific treatment.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatal poisoning caused by oil of epazote, Chenopodium graveolens].

We present a case of acute lethal poisoning by oil of "epazote" (oil of chenopodium), in a 2 y 9 m female. The volatile oil was administered according to the advice of a "curandera" (female healer), in a total quantity of 40 ml. Clinical features of the poisoning were: vomiting, deep coma, seizures, mydriasis, apnea, metabolic acidosis, neurogenic shock and death. The EEG suggested a diffuse encephalopathy, the CT scan with an image of severe brain edema and ventricular collapse. Relevant postmortem findings were brain edema and neuronal necrosis, pneumonia, enteritis, pericholangitis, mild pancreatitis and tubular necrosis. The phytochemical analysis of volatile oil identified ascaridol, the main active compound of the chenopodium herbs, in a quantity of 39 mg/ml (1,560 mg in the dose administered), and Chenopodium graveolens as the plant employed to prepare it. According to the age of the patient, 60 mg of ascaridol would be the recommended dose formerly used in the treatment of parasitic disease. Thus 1,560 mg was 26 times higher than the recommended dose, and exceeded by 56% the dose of 1,000 mg reported as lethal in humans.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activity of ascaridol from the anthelmintic herb Chenopodium anthelminticum L. against sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells.

Ascaridol is the active principle of the American wormseed Chenopodium anthelminticum L. We isolated ascaridol from a commercial preparation of Chenopodium oil and analyzed its activity against different tumor cell lines in vitro (CCRF-CEM, HL60, MDA-MB-231). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) counterparts of these cell lines express differentially the MDR-conferring ATP-binding cassette transporter genes MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP, respectively. We found that ascaridol exerts antineoplastic activity. The findings of the present investigation are the first hint that ascaridol may be an interesting novel candidate drug for cancer treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2004

Ribosome-inactivating activity and cDNA cloning of antiviral protein isoforms of Chenopodium album.

We have characterized a novel type I ribosome-inactivating protein (CAP30) from the leaves of Chenopodium album. Purified native CAP30 depurinated the ribosomes of Chenopodium, tomato, and tobacco leaves in vitro. To further characterize this protein, cDNA clones were isolated from a leaf cDNA library using a DNA probe derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence. Two full-length cDNA clones, CAP30A and CAP30B, were isolated. The two clones were highly homologous (91.4% identity over 280 amino acids) at the deduced amino acid level. Both contain a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acid and a conserved domain commonly found in ribosome-inactivating proteins. This suggests that CAP30 is a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein. Expression of CAP30 mRNA peaked twice, at 12 and 72 h, after tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection or wounding. Transformed Escherichia coli cells expressing pre- or mature CAP had greatly reduced growth rates. These results suggest that CAP30 functions as a broad-spectrum defense-related protein with both antiviral and anti-microbial activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The 23-kDa light-stress-regulated heat-shock protein of chenopodium rubrum L. is located in the mitochondria.

The 23-kDa nuclear-encoded heat-shock protein (HSP) of Chenopodium rubrum L. is regulated by light at the posttranslational level. Higher light intensities are more effective in inducing the accumulation of the mature protein under heat-shock conditions. Based on this and other properties the protein was considered to belong to the group of small chloroplastic HSPs. However, we have now obtained the following evidence that this 23-kDa HSP is localized in the mitochondria: (i) Immunogold-labelled protein was almost exclusively restricted to the mitochondria in electron microscope thin sections. (ii) Using purified, isolated mitochondria from potato tubers the in-vitro-synthesized translation product of 31 kDa was readily transported into mitochondria where it was processed to the 23-kDa product. (iii) The protein could be detected by Western blotting in a preparation of washed mitochondria of Chenopodium, while under the same conditions no signal could be obtained in a preparation of isolated chloroplasts. (iv) Finally, sequence comparison with the published sequences of mitochondrial proteins by Lenne et al. (1995, Biochem J 311:805-813) and LaFayette et al. (1996, Plant Mol Biol 30:159-169) showed clearly that the 23-kDa protein is considerably more similar to these two proteins than to the group of plastid small HSPs. From these data we infer that mitochondria are involved in the response of the plants to high light stress under heat-shock conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the traditional herbal anthelmintic Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: ethnopharmacological evaluation and clinical field trials.

Infusions and decoctions of the leaves, roots and inflorescences of the herbaceous shrub Chenopodium ambrosioides (American wormseed, goosefoot, epazote, paico) and related species indigenous to the New World have been used for centuries as dietary condiments and as traditional anthelmintics by native peoples for the treatment of intestinal worms. Commercial preparations of oil of chenopodium and its active constituent, ascaridol, obtained by steam distillation, have been and continue to be, used with considerable success in mass treatment campaigns. Ethnopharmacological studies in a community of Mayan subsistence farmers in Chiapas, Mexico, confirmed that decoctions containing up to 300 mg of dry plant material per kg body weight (MGKGW) were widely used and traditionally highly regarded in the treatment of ascariasis. However, therapeutic doses of up to 6000 MGKGW of powdered, dried plant had no significant anthelmintic effect on the adults of Necator, Trichuris of Ascaris. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of plant samples used consistently demonstrated the presence of ascaridol in the expected amounts. Possible origins of subjective belief in the efficacy of C. ambrosioides as used, may be related to the positive association of spontaneous, or peristalsis-induced passage of senescent worms immediately following a therapeutic episode. It is also possible that in the past varieties of the plant containing much more ascaridol were used. The results of these controlled field studies did not sustain widely held traditional beliefs, nor the value of therapeutic practices regarding this plant. It is, therefore, essential that all indigenous ethnomedical practices be objectively evaluated for efficacy and safety using appropriate protocols before being considered for adoptation or promotion in health care programs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of impact of sewage irrigation on cytotoxicological potentialities of Chenopodium album in Allium assay.

Chenopodium album is a weed commonly consumed by North Indian population as vegetable. Plants are known to accumulate toxins from their environment. Presently, the leaf homogenates of these plants growing in a tubewell irrigated field and a sewage irrigated field were evaluated for cytotoxicological effects in Allium root tip assay. Studies revealed that Chenopodium album was mildly mitodepressive in nature and was capable of inducing chromosomal aberrations. The leaf homogenate of the plants growing in sewage irrigated fields induced more quantum of aberrations than the plants from the control site. This has a direct bearing on consumability of sewage grown vegetables and fodder.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

Characterisation of 2S albumin with nutritionally balanced aminoacid composition from the seeds of Chenopodium album and its antigenic homology with seed proteins of some Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae species.

The low molecular weight 2S albumin protein of Chenopodium album seeds has been isolated and characterized with respect to its subunit structure by SDS-PAGE and antigenic homology with low molecular weight seed storage proteins of several other phylogenetically related species by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. These studies revealed the existence of antigenically homologous proteins of similar molecular weights in seeds of some other members of Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. However, Chenopodium 2S albumin is antigenically unrelated to low mol.wt. albumins of dicots belonging to other families. It has a nutritionally balanced aminoacid composition in respect of essential aminoacids.

Albumins↗
PubMed2001

Heterothallism in Peronospora farinosa f.sp. chenopodii, the causal agent of downy mildew of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa).

Heterothallism in Peronospora farinosa f.sp. chenopodii, the causal agent of downy mildew of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is reported for the first time. Downy mildew is the most important disease of this crop in the Andean region. Eight single-lesion isolates from different regions in Peru and Bolivia were crossed in all possible combinations using a detached leaf assay, to determine the mating system of the downy mildew pathogen. The presence of two mating types, P1 and P2, was revealed showing that P. farinosa f.sp. chenopodii is heterothallic. It is suggested that frequent sexual reproduction is an important evolutionary force in this pathogen in South America.

Chenopodium quinoa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined analysis of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy: quantitative determination of ascaridole, a heat-sensitive compound.

A commercial sample of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Madagascar was analysed by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR. By GC analysis, the major constituents were found to be ascaridole (1) (41.8%), isoascaridole (2) (18.1%), p-cymene (16.2%), alpha-terpinene (9.7%) and limonene (3.8%). However, ascaridole undergoes a partial thermal isomerisation to 2 and hence the amount of 1 is under-estimated by GC analysis. The actual contents of 1 and 2 (55.3 and 4.6%, respectively) were obtained following combined analysis of the sample by GC and 13C-NMR. Several hydroxy- and polyhydroxy-menthanes were identified by 13C-NMR.

Chenopodium ambrosioides↗