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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Histopathology and histochemistry of the insects treated with chemosterilants VI: brain damage including reduced neurosecretion caused by chemosterilants in Periplaneta americana (L).

The brain is damaged and neurosecretion is reduced in the P. americana treated with chemosterilants thio-tepa and bis (dimethylamino) dithiazolium chloride. The damage includes, separation of neurolemma, vacuolisation and chromatolysis in the nuclei of neurons and extensive damage to fibres. Reduced neurosecretion, vacuolisation in the cytoplasm and karyolysis in the nucleus of neurosecretory cells, are also observed. These changes in the brain are of considerable importance to understand the mode of action of the chemosterilants.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Chemosterilization of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann by exposure of aquatic stages. 3. Induction of dominant lethal mutations in the F 1 generation by certain aziridines, phosphoramides, and s-triazines.

In insects it is known that the chemosterilant treatment induces dominant lethal mutations which bring about embryonic death. The possibility of delayed expression of the chemosterilant-induced dominant lethals in F(1) progeny of the tropical house mosquito, Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann has been investigated. The chemosterilants employed were 8 aziridinyl compounds, 3 phosphoramides, and 4 s-triazines. In general, all the chemosterilants tested were found to cause different degrees of mortality at different life stages of the F(1) progeny. In this respect the aziridinyl compounds were more effective than the phosphoramides and s-triazines. This effect of the chemosterilants may be useful in the sterile-male technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Prospects of chemosterilant and genetic control of rodents.

This paper discusses some requirements of an ideal rodent chemosterilant, analyses the advantages of chemosterilants over other control methods, and compares the potential values of chemosterilants that affect females, males, and both sexes. Examples are given of specific situations where chemosterilants will be valuable in rodent control, together with suggested methods of applying them. The theory and practicability of using genetics in rodent control are also discussed. Neither the chemosterilant nor the genetic method is expected to become a panacea, but their eventual application will be a significant advance in rodent-control technology. Since both approaches are based on sound biological principles and are relatively safe, they should be helpful in regulating rodent populations in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Control and management of insect populations by chemosterilants.

Chemosterilants, i.e., chemical compounds that interfere with the reproduction potential of sexually reproducing organisms, can be used in three new approaches to insect control. In the sterile-insect release technique, the principal problem is to develop compounds and methods for their application that would not result in introducing harmful residues into the environment. Because of the unusual and often unique circumstances connected with releasing large numbers of sterilized insects, the residue problem and its cost-benefit aspects must be examined individually for each intended control or eradication program. In the direct application technique, chemosterilants must meet the same efficiency and safety standards required from approved insecticides. Combined insecticidal and sterilizing activity is characteristic for some compounds now being investigated. In the genetic technique, chemosterilants may be used for inducing heritable changes in the insect's genome under laboratory conditions, and such procedures would not present any residue problems. Only the first two chemosterilant techniques are approaching practical application, and their safety aspects require detailed evaluation and assessment.

Chemosterilants↗
PubMed1971

Chemosterilant action of anthramycin: a proposed mechanism.

The activity of anthramycin and structurally related analogs as chemosterilants of the housefly, Musca domestica L., correlates closely with the action of these compounds as inhibitors of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Since inhibition of RNA polymerase by anthramycin reflects binding of this antibiotic to the DNA primer required for enzyme activity, we propose that the interaction of anthramycin with DNA may also account for its action as a chemosterilant.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Dispersal and survival in the field of chemosterilized, irradiated, and cytoplasmically incompatible male Culex pipiens fatigans.

Comparative field studies were made on the dispersal and survival of chemosterilized, irradiated, and cytoplasmically incompatible (D3 strain) male Culex pipiens fatigans. There was no significant difference in dispersal patterns and daily survival rates between laboratory colony males and wild males, and between chemosterilized or irradiated males and untreated males. Although there was no difference in dispersal between adults of the D3 strain and the laboratory colony of the Delhi strain, the former had a lower daily survival rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Chemosterilization of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann by exposure of aquatic stages. I. Sterilization potential of certain aziridinyl compounds.

The sterile-male technique has been considered to be a promising tool for the control of mosquito populations. Many chemosterilants are known to sterilize insects effectively in the same way as ionizing radiations. The sterilizing activity of 8 alkylating aziridinyl compounds has been assessed on the tropical house-mosquito, Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann. The chemosterilants employed for larval and pupal treatments were apholate, metepa, tepa and 5 diaziridinyl alkoxyphosphine oxides. In general, metepa was least toxic to the various life stages of C. p. fatigans during the treatment. Apholate was toxic only in pupal treatments while tepa was less toxic in pupal treatments and more toxic in larval treatments. Diaziridinyl compounds were moderately toxic in both larval and pupal treatments. The tepa and apholate treatments caused certain structural and moulting abnormalities in pupae and adults and also induced abnormalities in eggs and larvae.Among the polyaziridinyl compounds, non-toxic doses of apholate could produce about 100% sterility with larval treatment. Tepa was inferior to apholate, and metepa was least effective in larval treatment. Among the diaziridinyl compounds, the methyl ester was most promising. For pupal treatment, tepa was more effective than apholate and metepa at non-toxic doses, inducing almost complete sterility. The propyl and isopropyl esters of the diaziridinyl compounds also induced very high sterility in pupal treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Acaricidal, chemosterilant and insecticidal activity of triazine derivatives].

A large number of 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyl triazenes and 1,2-diphenyl triazenes variously substituted in the 3 position with OH and alkyl groups were prepared and studied for acaricide activity against Panonychus ulmi and chemosterilizing and insecticidal activity against Musca domestica. The results highlighted the marked chemosterilizing activity of 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-di-n-propyltriazene and the interesting acaricidal activity of 1-(4-benzoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene. The examination of such a large number of compounds for insecticidal activity allowed interesting conclusions to be drawn regarding structure/activity relationships.

Acari↗
PubMed1975

Analysis of insect chemosterilants.

Background information concerning the concept of insect chemosterilization and analytical methods for determining trace levels of 19 P- and/or S- containing chemicals of current interest are presented. GC retention times of the compounds on 6 different columns and their p-values in 11 solvent systems are tabulated. The utility of the flame photometric detector for determining subnanogram levels of the sterilants in biological substrates is illustrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Pigeon control by chemosterilization: population model from laboratory results.

Reproductivity of pigeons is inhibited with mestranol incorporated in a synthetic grit; continual erosion releases daily doses. Young squabs may be permanently sterilized when fed crop milk by treated birds. A theoretical model of pigeon population dynamics using laboratory-obtained data shows the advantages of chemosterilization over killing as a means of pigeon control.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Duration of sterility induced in males of the tropical house mosquito, Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann, by the chemosterilants apholate and tepa.

Various alkylating and non-alkylating agents are known to induce sterility in Culex pipiens fatigans, but the duration of the sterilizing effect they produce had not so far been studied for this species. The authors therefore investigated the duration of sterility induced by the alkylating chemosterilants apholate and tepa in C. p. fatigans, second-instar larvae being exposed to 10 ppm apholate or pupae to 3570 ppm tepa. They found that, in experiments in which treated males were mated once only, both apholate and tepa induced sterility lasting at least 48 days. However, in experiments in which males were mated once weekly for 6 weeks apholate-treated males showed a slight recovery from the early sterilizing effect. On the other hand, tepa was found to be very effective in inducing lasting sterility throughout the 6 successive matings. The probable reasons for the recovery from sterility of apholate-treated males and the more lasting sterility of tepa-treated males are discussed.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1969

Chemosterilization of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann by exposure of aquatic stages. 2. Sterilization potential of certain phosphoramides and s-triazines.

Many aziridinyl compounds are known to induce high sterility in Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann, but as the practical application of these chemosterilants is quite hazardous, compounds such as phosphoramides and s-triazines have been tried against this species. These compounds are relatively less reactive, thermally more stable and less toxic to mammals. The phosphoramides included hempa, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-P-piperidino-phosphonic diamide (ENT-51007) and a compound, ENT-60210, whose structure is not known to the authors. The s-triazines employed were hemel, 2,4-diamino-6-morpholino-s-triazine hydrochloride (ENT-51143), 2-amino-4,6-bis (dimethylamino)-s-triazine hydrochloride (ENT-51146), and a compound ENT-60433, whose structure is not known to the authors.The triazines were more toxic than the phosphoramides in both larval and pupal treatments. Among the phosphoramides, hempa and ENT-51007 were quite promising for larval treatment and resulted in 80% and 83% control of reproduction respectively at non-toxic doses. Hempa at a toxic dose induced complete sterility. ENT-60210 was least toxic and least effective. Among the triazines, hexa-substituted hemel was better than tetra-substituted ENT-51146 and cyclic-substituted ENT-51143 in inducing sterility. ENT-51143 was most toxic and least effective. For larval treatment, hempa was better than hemel in inducing sterility while for pupal treatment the latter was better than hempa. Both the compounds produced more sterility in treated females than in treated males. Oviposition was significantly lowered in treated females.

Amides↗