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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Role of the chancre in induction of immunity to tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in goats.

Local skin reactions (chancres) developed in goats at the sites of deposition, by tsetse flies, of metacyclics of Trypanosoma congolense. The chancres developed much faster and were more pronounced when ten infected tsetse were allowed to feed on a spot as compared to only one fly per spot. The initial host cellular reaction in the chancre was predominantly polymorphonuclear, followed at the peak of development of the chancre by a predominantly lymphoblastic and plasmacytic reaction. Trypanosomes were found in various stages of division as well as degeneration in chancre biopsies taken at various days post-infection (p.i.). Most of the trypanosomes recovered from the chancre tissue fluid were found to bear the same variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) epitopes as the corresponding metacyclics for as long as 13 days p.i., as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence using mouse anti-metacyclic VSG hyperimmune sera and monoclonal antibodies. Immunization of goats with metacyclic trypanosomes, by exposure to infected tsetse bites followed by treatment of the infected goats on day 13 p.i., gave rise to the development of protection to homologous tsetse-transmitted challenge, whilst immunization by intravenous inoculation of the metacyclics did not induce such protection. Chancre formation would thus appear to be vital for the induction of comprehensive immune recognition of the metacyclic variable antigen repertoire deposited in the skin by infected tsetse, and hence development of protective immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Potential value of localized skin reactions (chancres) induced by Trypanosoma congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis for the analysis of metacyclic trypanosome populations.

Goats infected with Trypanosoma congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis and then treated with the trypanocidal drug diminazene aceturate are immune to tsetse-transmitted infection with a homologous, but not heterologous trypanosome clone. Immune animals fail to develop localized skin reactions (chancres) and do not become infected, whereas on heterologous challenge chancres appear followed by parasitaemia. In this study, the feasibility of using chancre reactions to characterize several different metacyclic populations of T. congolense was evaluated. Provided goats were immunized, it was found that the chancre reaction could be used to distinguish different populations of T. congolense. However, problems were encountered when attempts were made to induce immunity against more than one trypanosome population. When goats were infected by tsetse flies with four antigenically unrelated metacyclic populations of T. congolense, either simultaneously or at 4 day intervals, adequate immunological priming was not always achieved. In fact, goats exposed to superinfection 8 to 12 days after a primary infection did not develop chancres or an immune response to the second infection (although they were immune to the organism used for primary infection). Following trypanocidal treatment these animals were subsequently completely susceptible to homologous infection with the metacyclic population used for superinfection, indicating that some form of interference phenomenon effective at the level of the skin appears to prevent or delay the development of the second trypanosome population following superinfection of infected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Ultrafine structure of te cell elements in hard chancres of the rabbit and their interrelationship with Treponema pallidum.

Investigating the interrelationship between Treponema pallidum and the host cells, the authors have studied under the electron microscope ultrathin sections of cellular elements of rabbit chancres and the condition of the treponemes. A description is given of the structure of the basic cellular elements found in the chancres, particularly the plasma cells since it is in them that the main immunological processes take place.The morphology of the treponemes varies in the course of the pathological process as well as with the type of cell harbouring them. Enveloped in multi-layered membranes, the treponemes may lie within plasma cells and may retain all their characteristic features, indicating that they remain viable and that their envelopes can protect them from the action of antibodies and drugs. In long-standing chancres cyst-like formations with multi-layered membranes have been found.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Reappearance of soft chancre: comments on the current epidemic in Paris (author's transl)].

A total of 678 cases of soft chancre were treated in one hospital between 1973 and 1979. The majority of the patients were males (97 p. cent), and most of them came originally from Maghreb or Black Africa. Contamination was from prostitution (61 p. cent) or chance acquaintances (29 p. cent). The genital ulceration was often clinically atypical, frequently syphiloid; pain was present in only 59 p. cent of cases, and adenopathy, noted in 63 p. cent of patients, had the appearance of an inflammatory bubo in only 23 p. cent. The present high frequency of soft chancres, and their misleading clinical characteristics, makes it sometimes difficult to establish the clinical differential diagnosis from syphilitic chancre, but confirmation of the latter is supplied by direct examination and culture to search for Ducreys bacillus, this being indispensable for establishing the correct diagnosis. Treatment with sulfamethoxazole trimethopin or streptomycin prevents complications and cures the affection in one or two weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Extragenital syphilitic chancres.

Two patients with extragenital chancres are presented to emphasize unusual expressions of primary syphilis. The clinical presentations and differential diagnosis of extragenital chancres are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Protracted Treponema pallidum-induced cutaneous chancres in rabbits infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I.

In a preliminary study, two of four rabbits infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) demonstrated prolonged primary chancres following superinfection with Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. Two rabbits inoculated with 1 x 10(7) HTLV-I-infected human MT-2 cells and two with infected rabbit cells from a line established in this laboratory (RLT-P), developed latent HTLV-I infection as detected by seroconversion 10 weeks after infection and by detection of HTLV-I sequences in the DNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes after amplification by polymerase chair reaction (PCR) 15 weeks after infection. The rabbits remained clinically normal and had normal blood counts. Six months after infection, the four HTLV-infected rabbits and two noninfected controls were challenged by the intradermal inoculation of 1 x 10(6) Treponema pallidum into eight sites on the shaved back. The lesions of two of the HTLV-I-infected rabbits had a time course similar to non-HTLV-I-infected controls and were completely healed by 4 weeks. The lesions of one of the other two rabbits with progressive disease began to heal about 7 weeks after T. pallidum challenge. The cutaneous lesions in the other rabbit remained dark-field positive and became a confluent eschar at 8 weeks; healing only after treatment with penicillin. Four months after the primary challenge none of the six rabbits previously challenged with T. pallidum had developed lesions after rechallenge and thus expressed chancre immunity. These results demonstrate that rabbits with latent HTLV-I infections may have defective cell-mediated immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Development of increased serum immunoblot reactivity against a 45,000-dalton polypeptide of Treponema pallidum (Nichols) correlates with establishment of chancre immunity in syphilitic rabbits.

Rabbits developed chancre immunity 5.0 to 7.5 weeks after intradermal infection with 10(3) Treponema pallidum (Nichols). The serological response against T. pallidum antigen during this 2.5-week period was examined by Western immunoblotting. Sera from rabbits infected for 5.0 weeks contained antibodies against 7 of 13 major T. pallidum immunogens, with strongest binding detected against a polypeptide of Mr 47,000. By 7.5 weeks of infection, syphilitic rabbit sera recognized 10 of 13 antigens; the most evident increase in serological reactivity was directed against a polypeptide of Mr 45,000, suggesting that the development of a strong serological response against this polypeptide correlated with the onset of chancre immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treponema pallidum in human chancre tissue: an electron microscopic survey.

In biopsies obtained from syphilitic chancres of varying ages in 10 patients, a total of 766 ultrathin sections of Treponema pallidum were studied by electron microscopy. The course and number of axial filaments observed reveal that one bunch of 3-4 filaments without interruption entwine the whole cytoplasmic body. In 9.2% of the sections a trilaminar or a fragmentary trilaminar periplastic membrane was observed outside the cytoplasmic membrane and the axial filaments. The occurrence of the periplastic membrane decreased with advancing ages of the chancres. A protective function of the membrane is discussed. A peritreponemal fine reticular halo demonstrable in most fragments is supposed to be due to fixation induced shrinkage of treponemal hyaluronidase-influenced semifluid glycosaminoglycans. Peritreponemal reticular halos were also observed in collagen tissue. A destructive effect of the treponemes on collagen fibres could explain how the organisms penetrate through the collagen rich meninges into the central nervous system. A surface associated narrow border of electron dense amorphous substance, probably originating from the host organism, yields to tangentially cut treponemes a spiny caterpillar-like appearance.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistology of lymph nodes draining local skin reactions (chancres) in sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense.

Marked enlargement of lymph nodes draining local skin reactions (chancres) occurred in sheep following intradermal inoculation of cultured metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense. Histologically, these lymph nodes were characterized by follicular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, compression and relative reduction of the paracortical areas and expansion of the medullary regions. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies to ovine lymphocyte subsets and Fc receptor (FcR) bearing macrophages, revealed increased expression of B cells (CD45R+), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II, FcR+ macrophages, and CD1+ cells in the cortical and paracortical areas. The paracortical areas were found to be sparsely populated by CD5+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, while the medullary areas contained numerous CD8+ cells and FcR+ macrophages. FcR+ macrophages were also present in cortical trabecular and subcapsular sinuses. As the chancre regressed, lymph node reactivity also subsided and fewer B cell follicles were observed and there was decreased expression of CD45R+ and MHC Class II+ cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Primary tuberculous chancre in a renal transplant patient.

A case of primary tuberculous chancre of the vulva is reported. Although a tuberculous infection in an immunocompromised patient is not uncommon, this is the first report of a primary tuberculous infection on the external genitalia in such a patient. The source of infection in this patient could not be determined.

Chancre↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of monorecidive syphilitic chancre.

A 24-year-old man who had been in contact with a woman who had infectious syphilis developed a painless sore on his penis. His general practitioner prescribed tetracycline (250 mg four times a day for seven days). After approximately one month he developed another painless sore at the same site as the previous one. The diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed by dark-field microscopy and serologic tests. Reinfection was thought to be unlikely because he denied having sexual intercourse after the first visit to his general practitioner. Thus, the new lesion was thought to be a case of monorecidive syphilitic chancre.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Inability of spleen cells from chancre-immune rabbits to confer immunity to challenge with Treponema pallidum.

Although several lines of evidence suggest that cellular immune mechanisms play a role in controlling infection due to Treponema pallidum, recent studies have shown that induction of acquired cellular resistance by antigenically unrelated organisms fails to protect rabbits against syphilitic infection, thereby casting doubt on this hypothesis. In the present paper we describe attempts to transfer immunity to syphilis by using spleen cells from chancre-immune rabbits. Intravenous infusion of 2 X 10(8) spleen lymphocytes was capable of transferring acquired cellular resistance to Listeria and delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin. However, in eight separate experiments using outbred or inbred rabbits, 2 X 10(8) spleen cells from syphilis-immune animals failed to confer resistance to T. pallidum whether by intravenous or intradermal challenge. Mixing immune lymphocytes with treponemes immediately before intradermal inoculation also failed to confer resistance. Despite the fact that syphilitic infection stimulates cellular immune mechanisms and induces acquired cellular resistance to antigenically unrelated organisms, cellular immunity may not play an important role in immunity to syphilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculous chancre in the partner of an intravenous drug abuser.

We report a 26-year-old housemaid whose partner was an intravenous drug abuser with undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with a painless chin ulcer with an elevated irregular border and a firm, nontender submandibular adenopathy. The lesion had been present for 2 months and did not respond to antibiotic therapy. The tuberculin test was positive, and a biopsy and Löwenstein culture confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous chancre. The patient was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide and, after 6 months of treatment, she developed scrofuloderma which had to be surgically removed. After 1 year of follow-up, the lesions had totally cleared.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A case of mixed chancre.

A 39-year-old Norwegian seaman developed penile ulcerations after sexual contact overseas. The diagnosis of syphilitic chancre and of chancroid was confirmed. The ulcers healed after combined treatment with benzathine penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The ultrastructure of treponema pallidum isolated from human chancres. Morphologic variations from Nichols' strain.

The ultrastructure of treponema pallidum obtained directly from human chancres by biopsy was studied by electron microscopy. The treponemes were enveloped by a trilaminar cytoplasmic membrane and a trilaminar periplastic membrane. The central part of the periplastic membrane corresponds to the protective mucoid layer. In undamaged organisms bunches of axial filaments were seen to entwine the whole cytoplasmic body without any disruption or overlapping. The number of axial filaments varied between three and four. Identical nose pieces were demonstrable in both ends of the treponemes. Axial filaments and nose pieces seem to differ from those of Nichols' strain.

Chancre↗