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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cesium chloride: preventive medicine for radioactive cesium exposure?

Cesium is produced in high yield fission of uranium and plutonium. Radioactive cesium needles are a radiation hazard for radiotherapists. In this age of nuclear reactors, i.e. Chernobyl, radioactive cesium exposure may be a growing problem. Furthermore, there are numerous therapeutic potentials for cesium therapy, i.e. cancer, depression and schizophrenia. We explored the clearance of cesium in man and found that an oral dose of 50 mg maintains elevated blood cesium levels for 80 days. Cesium is accumulated mainly in the red blood cell fraction. Larger doses (6-9 grams) produce no observed harmful effects and maintain elevated blood levels of cesium for more than a year. Our data suggests there is a threshold of maximum cesium saturation in blood; if maintained, any additional cesium exposure, i.e. radioactive cesium, would be excreted at a more rapid rate. It is probable that large cesium doses can protect against radiation toxicity by blocking sites on red blood cells and thereby result in increased excretion and clearance of the radioactive forms of cesium. This hypothesis should be easily testable in laboratory animals.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1988

Uptake of cesium ions by human erythrocytes and perfused rat heart: a cesium-133 NMR study.

Cesium-133 NMR studies have been carried out on suspended human erythrocytes and on perfused rat hearts in media containing CsCl. The resulting spectra exhibit two sharp resonances, arising from intra- and extracellular Cs+, separated in chemical shift by 1.0-1.4 ppm. Thus, intra- and extracellular resonances are easily resolved without the addition of paramagnetic shift reagents required to resolve resonances of the other alkali metal ions. Spin-lattice relaxation times in all cases are monoexponential and significantly shorter (3-4 times) for the intracellular component. When corrections are made for the pulse repetition rate, the total intensity of the intracellular and extracellular Cs+ resonances in erythrocytes is conserved, implying total observability of the intracellular pool. The uptake of Cs+ by erythrocytes occurs at approximately one-third the reported rate for K+ and was reduced by a factor of 2 upon addition of ouabain to the sample. These results indicate that 133Cs NMR is a promising tool for studying the distribution and transport of cesium ions in biological systems and, in some cases such as uptake by cellular Na,K-ATPase, for analysis of K+ ion metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Transport of the radioisotopes iodine-131, cesium-134, and cesium-137 from the fallout following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor into cheesemaking products.

The transport of radiation contamination from milk to products of the cheese making process has been studied. The concentration of radioactive iodine and cesium in samples of sheep milk and cheese (Gruyère) products was measured for 10 consecutive production d. Milk with concentration 100 Bq/L in each of the radionuclides 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs cheese with concentration 82.2 +/- 3.9 Bq/kg in iodine and an average of 42.3 +/- 2.3 Bq/kg in the cesium isotopes is produced. The corresponding concentrations in cream extracted from the same milk are 26.7 +/- 2.8 Bq/kg (131I) and 18.6 +/- 1.9 Bq/kg (134Cs, 137Cs).

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

[Increased levels of cesium-137 and cesium-134 in 34 mushroom species following the reactor accident at Chernobyl].

From September to December of 1986, 85 samples of 34 species of wild mushrooms were collected, mostly in northern Baden and occasionally in neighboring areas. Cs-137, Cs-134, and the natural nuclide K-40 were determined by gamma-spectrometry. Samples from the Rhine Valley and the Kraichgau were generally much less contaminated than those from the Black Forest. With one exception, their radiocesium levels were below the Common Market limit of 600 Bq/kg. The exception was a sample of Laccaria amethystina with 1710 Bq/kg Cs-137 and 766 Bq/kg Cs-134. Relatively high levels were also found in Xerocomus badius, X. chrysenteron and Cantharellus tubaeformis. The hymenophore contained higher concentrations of radiocesium than the other parts of the body of the fruit. No correlation between the concentration of K-40 and that of the Cs nuclides was found. The ratio of Cs-137:Cs-134 was usually below 3 but reached the value of 11.8 in Piptoporus betulinus growing on birch wood. In this case, the substrate must have contained more radiocesium from the time before the Chernobyl reactor accident than from the time thereafter.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[Radioactive cesium 137 and cesium 134 in follicle and seminal fluid].

Radioactive caesium nuclids were measured in follicular fluid and seminal plasma after the nuclear power station accident of Chernobyl. Immediately after the event (June - Aug. 86) both Cs 137 and Cs 134 were negative, with the exception of one sample. Increased levels of Cs 137 were found in the next three periods of measurement (Nov. 86 - Jan. 87), (June - Aug. 87), (March 88), with the highest results one year after the accident. Increased levels of Cs 134 were found only in the last two periods of measurement. In seminal plasma, both Cs 137 and Cs 134, were elevated in some samples. An influence on the results of IVF was not registered.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[Mobility of cesium-137, sodium and potassium in different types of soil and prediction of cesium-137 accumulation in agricultural plants].

Mobility of caesium-137, sodium and potassium in the natural environment in podzolic gray and chernozem medium-loamy, sward podzolic sandy soils and chernozem has been studied. Durability of fixation of caesium-137 increases in a number of soils: sward-podzolic sandy, podzolic loamy soils, chernozem. Caesium-137 concentration in agricultural plants is reduced along with the increase of caesium-137 fixation in soils and increase of the level of metabolic potassium. Coefficients of transition of metabolic caesium-137 by potassium and sodium, and of sodium by potassium. The mentioned above coefficients can be used for the prediction of caesium-137 cumulation in plants.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1987

Central action of cesium chloride in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

The changes in the pharmacological responses to cesium were examined in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. An acute administration of cesium chloride (10 mEqCs+/kg IP) to non-diabetic control mice elicited increased salivation and inhibition of respiration followed by death in about half of the animals examined. These effects of cesium were diminished in STZ-diabetic mice. LD50 for acute cesium was higher in STZ-diabetic mice (14.3 mEq/kg) than non-diabetic buffer controls (11.7 mEq/kg): however, subchronic administration of cesium did not decrease the LD50 in STZ-diabetic mice. The sleeping time induced by pentobarbital was reduced in STZ-diabetic mice and the reduction of the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was reversed by subchronic cesium pretreatment but not by acute cesium administration. Methamphetamine-induced mortality was increased in STZ-diabetic mice and acute administration of cesium decreased the toxicity in both control and diabetic mice. Inhibition of locomotor activity elicited by acute single injection of cesium chloride was observed in both STZ-diabetic and non-diabetic mice. These results indicate that responses to cesium as well as centrally-acting drugs are affected differentially in STZ-diabetic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacologic response of cesium-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in anesthetized dogs.

Cesium chloride administration causes ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs, with many of the features of the clinical long QT syndrome. We developed a model of cesium-induced arrhythmias, using loading and maintenance doses of cesium to produce continuous cesium effects. The purpose of the present experiments was to study the response of arrhythmias in this model to a variety of pharmacologic interventions. Cesium chloride caused ventricular tachyarrhythmias that either degenerated to ventricular fibrillation (VF) or remained stable for greater than 30 min. Cesium-induced arrhythmias were suppressed by the calcium antagonist diltiazem, magnesium chloride, beta blockade (with atenolol), or vagal nerve stimulation--all interventions that can suppress calcium entry. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol initiated ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of subarrhythmic doses of cesium. Sodium channel blockers (lidocaine and high concentrations of quinidine) also suppressed cesium-induced arrhythmias. Intravenous (i.v.) bolus doses of isotonic saline solution at times corresponding to the other interventions studied did not alter the severity of cesium-induced arrhythmia. We conclude that cesium-induced ventricular arrhythmias in this model are suppressed by agents that reduce transmembrane calcium currents as well as by high doses of sodium channel blockers. These findings may have relevance to the mechanisms of, and the therapeutic approach to, the clinical long QT syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The measurement of circulating red cell volume using nonradioactive cesium and fluorescent excitation analysis.

Nonradioactive cesium, as an analogue of potassium, has been used to label autologous red blood cells for determination of the red cell volume in man. The initial and the equilibration concentrations of cesium are assayed by fluorescent excitation analysis (FEA), using a 600 mCi 241Americium source and a Si(Li) detector with a 1024-channel analyzer. Comparative studies with 51Chromium in 13 rabbits showed good correlation, but the intracellular cesium concentration achieved by simple incubation with 2.6 per cent cesium chloride solution was too low to be of practical value in humans. Incubation of the human red blood cells with 50 mug per milliliter of Nystatin in 2.6 per cent cesium chloride opened reversible "pores" in the red cell membrane which permitted high intracellular cesium labeling without demonstrable red cell damage. The cesium red cell volumes in 11 random human subjects differed from the 51Chromium red cell volumes by only 0.2 +/- 4.5 per cent and 2.5 +/- 7.6 per cent at blood sampling times of 10 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively. Blood cesium levels fell with a clearance half-time of 31.5 hours in 4 rabbits, and 2.4 days in 1 normal human. Fluorescent excitation analysis of cesium-labeled autologous red blood cells permits accurate determination of the red cell volume in man without associated patient radiation, thus making the procedure much more acceptable for children, pregnant women, normal volunteers, and for repeated studies in the same individual.

Blood Volume Determination↗