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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hormonal control of the cervix in pregnant gilts. I. Changes in the physical properties of the cervix correlate temporally with elevated serum levels of estrogen and relaxin.

The time course of changes in the physical properties of both the uterine and vaginal portions of the cervix were studied during the last two thirds (days 40 to approximately 115) of pregnancy in the gilt. To obtain insight concerning the hormonal control of these physical changes, serum levels of relaxin, estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone were also determined. Throughout midpregnancy, the extensibility (softness), lumen diameter, and wet weight of the uterine portion of the cervix were less than those of the vaginal portion of the cervix. After day 80, marked and sustained increases in these three physical parameters occurred in the uterine portion of the cervix whereas slight (extensibility) or moderate (lumen diameter and wet weight) increases occurred in the vaginal portion of the cervix. By day 110, extensibility, lumen diameter, and wet weight of the uterine portion of the cervix were similar to those of the vaginal portion of the cervix. Because the uterine portion of the cervix has a relatively firm consistency and small lumen throughout most of pregnancy, we conclude that it probably plays a more important role than the vaginal portion of the cervix in protecting the uterus and its contents during pregnancy. The marked changes in the physical properties of the uterine portion of the cervix are temporally correlated with elevated serum estrogen levels (days 80-100) or estrogen and relaxin levels (day 100 to term). We conclude that estrogen or, more likely, estrogen and relaxin in combination may promote the modifications in the physical properties of the cervix that occur during the last 35 days of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hormonal control of the cervix in pregnant gilts. II. Relaxin promotes changes in the physical properties of the cervix in ovariectomized hormone-treated pregnant gilts.

The effects of relaxin on the physical properties of both the uterine and vaginal portions of the cervix were studied between days 80 and 110 of pregnancy in ovariectomized gilts given progesterone to maintain pregnancy. In controls gilts the extensibility, lumen diameter, and wet weight of the uterine portion of the cervix were less than those of the vaginal portion of the cervix on day 80, but increased thereafter, and by day 110 did not differ (extensibility and wet weight) or approached (lumen diameter) those values of the vaginal portion of the cervix. When gilts were ovariectomized on either days 80 or 100 and given progesterone only (groups OP-100 and OP-110) extensibility, lumen diameter, and wet weight failed to increase in both the uterine and vaginal portions of the cervix. After replacement therapy with progesterone plus relaxin (groups OPR-100 and OPR-110), extensibility, lumen diameter, and wet weight increased to values as least as large as those in control groups in both portions of the cervix. In all groups the uterine portion of the cervix changed more dramatically than the vaginal portion. After hormone replacement therapy, blood levels of relaxin were moderately higher, and blood levels of progesterone were somewhat lower than those in control gilts. There was little or no difference in estrogen levels between ovariectomized and control gilts. We conclude that relaxin plays an important role in promoting increased growth and extensibility in both the uterine and vaginal portions of the cervix after day 80 of gestation in the gilt.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluating the cervix in pregnancy using vaginal sonography. Studies of cervix insufficiency].

Transvaginal ultrasound provides important detailed information, which cannot be obtained by routine manual vaginal examination. By measuring the outside-inside distance (from os externum to os internum), we can determine the actual length of the cervix. By depicting the cervical canal, we can identify early dilatation. Visualizing the os internum with a possible opening, forming a conus, helps reveal an incompetent cervix. A total of 485 measurements of the cervix was carried out. Fifty patients with normal clinical findings between 28 and 32 weeks of pregnancy were compared to the same number of patients in the 28th to 32nd week of pregnancy, with the clinical diagnosis of an incompetent cervix. A cervical length of 46.3-39.3 mm was found in normal pregnancies, and a length of 34.0-21.4, when a clinically incompetent cervix had been diagnosed, a difference of 12.3-17.9 mm.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

[The use of the cervix brush for early diagnosis of cervix uteri cancer: quality of the smear].

From may 1988 till may 1989, a cervix-brush has been used to take smears by a group of general practitioners involved in a cervical cancer screening program. These smears are compared--retrospectively--with a selection of smears from previous cervical cancer screening programs. The collection devices previously used were an Ayre spatula and an Ayre spatula combined with a cotton tipped swab. All smears have been cytologically examined by the Center for Cancer Prevention of the UIA and have been described using the standardized KOPA-method. 3 Groups of smears have been included in the study: --group 1 (n = 299): use of a cervix-brush --group 2 (n = 1315): use of an Ayre spatula --group 3 (n = 1450): use of an Ayre spatula + cotton tipped swab. Concerning their previous experience in taking smears, all the participating GP's are considered to be comparable. There was a slight difference in the age distribution of the women examined, between group 1 and the other 2 groups. From this study, we concluded: --a larger number of smears from the group using the cervix-brush (group 1) has been described as having "good quality". This result was confirmed after matching for age group. --the number of abnormal smears detected was comparable for all groups.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Studies of lectin binding to the human cervix uteri: I. Normal cervix.

Lectins of Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), Canavalin ensiformis (Con A), Griffonia simplicifolia I (GS I), Griffonia simplicifolia II (GS II), Maclura pomifera (MPA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Glycine max (SBA), Ulex europaeus I (UEA I) and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) were used to evaluate cell surface carbohydrates in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal human cervix uteri. Consistent patterns of staining of the squamous epithelium were obtained in all 30 cases with BPA, GS II, MPA, PNA, SBA and WGA. A variable distribution of lectin binding was seen in squamous epithelium with Con A, GS I and UEA I. The patterns of GS I and GS II binding reflected squamous epithelial maturation. Columnar epithelium did not stain with GS II, stained variably with Con A, and stained consistently with the remaining seven lectins in all cases. No association between lectin binding and blood group or phase of the menstrual cycle was found. These findings may be used as a baseline for evaluation of lectin binding in both preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix uteri.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Endocrine cell hyperplasia of the uterine cervix. A precursor of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix?

A 33-year-old woman who presented with vaginal bleeding was diagnosed to have neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma based on cervical smear and biopsy. Hysterectomy was performed, and a tumor measuring 5.5 X 2 mm was found at the squamocolumnar junction of the uterine cervix. In the immediate vicinity of the tumor, there was proliferation of cytologically benign endocrine cells in the normal endocervical glands and in the glands showing intraepithelial glandular neoplasia. Both the hyperplastic endocrine cells and the invasive tumor cells showed argyrophilia and immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, and chromogranin. The topographical relationship suggests that endocrine cell hyperplasia may represent a precursor of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The detection of the carcinoma in situ of the cervix of the uterus and of the invasive carcinoma of the cervix of the uterus (author's transl)].

Report of the detection of 203 cases (87 of a carcinoma in situ of the cervix of the uterus, 116 of carcinoma of the uterus) out of 7769 cytologically examined patients at the ob.-gyn. deptm. of the Hospital Vienna-Lainz (Austria). The accuracy of cytology with respect to the detection of the carcinoma of the cervix: 95%. The importance of a gynecological examination performed at least once a year together with a cytological test and the examination of the breast is hereby stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Behavior of SCC marker level in cervix erosion, cervix dysplasia and cervical pre-invasive carcinoma].

The work presents the results of studies on the behaviour of SCC antigen in 52 patients aged 21-70 years, with pathologic changes involving the uterine cervix and classified to the groups of erosion, dysplasia and carcinoma in different stage of advancement. The SCC antigen was determined in patients blood sera by radioimmunologic method, on the basis of Abbott Firm testes. An increase in concentration was observed exceed the norm (2 ng/ml) in cases of CIN and CIS. The rise of marker depended on the stage of the neoplastic process advancement in the uterine cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Value of magnetic resonance imaging of cancers of the uterine cervix and corpus. Preliminary study apropos of 9 cases of cancer of the corpus and 20 cases of cancer of the cervix].

We studied nine cases of endometrial carcinoma and twenty of cervix carcinoma. Correlation with histology is made after curietherapy in 8 cases of endometrial carcinoma. Tumor is not always seen and particularly when there is no mass effect on macroscopic examination. Myometrial invasion is not seen with accuracy: the interruption of "junctional zone" is not a good sign. The cervix tumors are well seen on T2 sequences before any treatment. There extra uterine extension is difficult to appreciate. The best results of RMI were in the follow-up after radiotherapy. Therefore it appears actually to us the best indication of RMI.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

[Does cancer preventive care on the cervix need to be reformed? Gynecological preventive care and early diagnosis--current knowledge on cervix neoplasms].

A comparative study shows high incidence of preclinical cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix in women under thirty years of age. The rate of positive cytology in this age group was the same as in the group of women over thirty (0.3 per cent each). The histological findings revealed intraepithelial lesions like dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in the younger group compared to more advanced lesions like microinvasive cancer in the higher-aged group. The use of colposcopy rendered optical evidence--predominantly in the younger group--of lesions which under long-term observation preceded positive cytology for years as well as the consequent histological proof of dysplasia and preclinical carcinoma. As a result of the given and discussed clinical data in both compared age groups the value of colposcopy is stressed in improving the quality of detection of preclinical neoplasia in the uterine cervix and the necessity of cancer-screening in younger-aged women is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Biochemical changes in cervix mucus in stepwise malignant transformation of cervix epithelium].

The authors investigated 10 free amino acids, LDH, pyruvic acid and the levels of glucose in mucus of the cervix of patients in cases of gradually malignisation. We could show that the levels of all free amino acids are lower in cases of invasive carcinomas than in cases with dysplasias. LDH and pyruvic acid had an higher level in cases invasive carcinomas. We found no differences in cases of dysplasias and normal patients cervical mucus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Enzymatic collagen degradation in the pregnant guinea pig cervix during physiological maturation of the cervix and after local application of prostaglandins.

The role of enzymatic collagen degradation in prostaglandin-induced and physiological cervical ripening was studied in guinea pigs. The cervices were removed from (a) 8 non-pregnant guinea pigs, (b) 8 animals at day 45 of pregnancy, (c) 14 pregnant animals of comparable gestational age which had either an intracervical application of 0.2 ml 5% tylose or 10 micrograms sulprostone gel, and (d) 8 guinea pigs at day 63 to 65 of pregnancy. Collagenase activity was assayed in a highly specific and sensitive system using native collagen type I as substrate. Protease activity was measured by the method of Green and Shaw. Collagen fragments were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of acetic-soluble fractions. Collagenase and protease activities were found in all extracts from the different groups. However, there were no differences in enzymatic activities between the non-pregnant, early-pregnant and late-pregnant cervical specimens. Prostaglandin pre-treatment of the cervix led to no significant increase in either collagenase or protease activity as compared to the control groups. The absence of typical collagen degradation products in the SDS-PAGE suggested that no significant collagen breakdown had taken place. In contrast to previously published literature, we conclude that enzymatic collagen degradation is unlikely to be a key factor in prostaglandin-induced and physiological cervical ripening.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Human papillomavirus infection and carcinogenesis of cancer of uterine cervix. II. Immunoperoxidase localization of papilloma-virus antigen in tissues of the uterine cervix].

244 cervical tissue specimens with different diagnoses were stained by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique (PAP) for assay of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genus-specific antigen, the first of its kind performed in China. HPV antigen was detected in 41.93% of simple condyloma group, in 35.29% of dysplasia with condyloma and in 27.27% of carcinoma with condyloma. There was no positive in the control, dysplasia or carcinoma groups. The antigen positive nuclei were found in the koilocytes or parakeratosis cells in the upper layers of the epithelium. The severer the condyloma, the higher the positive rate of antigen. In the severe condyloma group, the positive rate was as high as 64.71%. The koilocytes were observed in every HPV antigen positive section. In view of the coexistence and continuous transformation of condyloma, dysplasia and carcinoma in pathomorphology, these results provide an important evidence to the further studies on the relation between HPV infection and carcinogenesis of cancer of uterine cervix.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prostaglandin E2 gel for ripening the cervix and/or labor induction in the unripe cervix at the end of pregnancy].

Endocervical instillation of a Prostaglandin-E2-containing-gel is a well accepted method to ripen the cervix before induction or to induce labor directly. Until now the main problem of this method were difficulties with the preparation of the Prostaglandin-gel-mixture. In the present study a prefabricated 0.5 mg PGE2 containing gel was tested with relation to its safety and efficacy. During the period of one year no gel-specific difficulties e.g. stability, homogeneity or sterility occurred. 57% of the nulliparas and 71% of the multiparas with a modified Bishop-score of smaller or equal to 5 could be delivered within 12 hours of the first gel-application. In most of the remaining women no substantial cervical ripening could be detected. In only 12% of nulliparas and 6% of multiparas labor could not be induced by means of the second gel-application. The rate of operative deliveries in this group of low risk patients was low (4.1% in nulliparas and 1.9% in multiparas). The fetal outcome was excellent in all instances. Maternal side effects could be detected in 5 women. Based on our experience endocervical PGE2-gel-instillation can be considered a safe and very efficacious method of induction of labor in unfavorable cervical-score.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1990

Development of melanosis of uterine cervix after cryotherapy for epithelial dysplasia. A case report and brief review of the literature on pigmented lesions of the cervix.

A case of melanosis of the exocervix, which developed within eight months after cryotherapy for epithelial dysplasia, is reported. The literature on pigmented lesions of the cervix is briefly summarized and the importance of biopsy and histologic examination for diagnosis and classification of these lesions is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cervix cytology--frequency and quality of earlier examinations in women with cervix carcinoma].

The course of cervical cytological examinations is reviewed in 41 patients in whom the diagnosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix was established during the period 1985-1987 in the Department of Pathology of the Central Hospital in Nykøbing Falster, Denmark. Nine of these patients were adequately examined and the course of the examinations was satisfactory. Thirteen patients had never been examined previously. The remaining nineteen patients had been examined previously but to an insufficient extent. The present investigation supports the importance of following the guiding directives for cervical cytological examination recommended by the Danish Board of Health. In addition, it is emphasized that thoroughness in taking samples is of decisive significance for the quality of the examination. Finally, it is recommended that clinicians and pathologists should cooperate in compiling a description of the consequences for control and treatment of positive findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A case report of mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterine cervix (mixed, heterologous and homologous sarcoma of the uterine cervix).

A case of mixed sarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 17-year-old girl is reported. The tumor showed polypoid features resembling sarcoma botryoides, and was histologically composed of chondrosarcoma as a heterologous element and stromal sarcoma as a homologous one. Leiomyosarcoma was also found in the tumor, but striated rhabdomyoblasts were not present. No epithelial component was detected. After a total hysterectomy, the patient was given chemotherapy and is in good condition.

Adolescent↗