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Results for “Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of ampicillin and corticosteroids on brain water content, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.

A study was made of the effects of antibiotics and corticosteroids on parameters that reflect brain dysfunction and potential neurological damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Brain water content was 398 +/- 10 g/100 g dry weight in normal rabbits and 410 +/- 11 g in rabbits after 24 hr of infection (P less than .001). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels increased from 16.3 +/- 3.4 mg/dl to 69.5 +/- 28.2 mg/dl (P less than .001), and CSF pressure increased by +8.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (P less than .005) over the same interval. Antibiotic therapy with ampicillin sterilized CSF and normalized CSF pressure and brain water content in all animals within 24 hr, while CSF lactate levels remained elevated. Administration of methyl prednisolone, 30 mg/kg, or dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg, 15 and 22 hr after infection completely reversed the development of brain edema, but only dexamethasone also significantly reduced the increase in CSF lactate level (43.8 +/- 12.3 mg/dl) and CSF pressure (+1.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg). Methyl prednisolone did not significantly affect pressure or lactate levels.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

Mechanism by which positive end-expiratory pressure increases cerebrospinal fluid pressure in dogs.

We investigated possible mechanisms by which positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure (PCSF) in anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. In part I of the study, PEEP was applied in 5 cmH2O increments each lasting 1-2 min, before and after a snare separated the spinal from the cerebral subarachnoid space in each animal. Next, with the spinal cord still ligated, the dogs were ventilated without PEEP while superior vena cava pressure (PSVC) was raised in 5 cmH2O increments by means of a fluid reservoir connected with the superior vena cava. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the cisterna magna increased immediately and in parallel with PEEP before and after the spinal subarachnoid space was occluded and also increased when PSVC was raised independently; in all circumstances the increase in PCSF correlated closely with PSVC (r = 0.926). In part II of the study, arterial blood gases were drawn before and after PEEP was applied in the same increments and for the same duration as in part I. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure measured with a hollow skull screw again rose in parallel with PEEP, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension rose only slightly at 60 s. In part III of the study, mean arterial pressure (Pa) was allowed to decrease with PEEP or was held constant by distal aortic obstruction and volume infusion. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased regardless of Pa, but the increase was greater when Pa was held constant than when it fell with PEEP. We conclude that PEEP increases PCSF primarily by increasing PSVC and decreasing cerebral venous outflow. This effect is augmented if cerebral arterial inflow is increased as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

The cerebrospinal fluid pressure at the foramen of Monro in man in the recumbent position is less than 100 mm water relative to atmospheric pressure. The oscillations in the pressure wave due to respiration and cardiac pulsation vary with the actual pressure and increase as the overall pressure rises. In man lying horizontally the oscillation at the foramen of Monro is usually less than 50 mm water pressure, of which the cardiac component is about 15 mm and the respiratory component 35 mm water pressure. The fluid pressure within the cranial cavity is not uniform. In the recumbent face upwards position the pressure at the frontal pole is close to atmospheric or slightly subatmospheric but at the occipital pole is of the order of 160 to 190 mm water pressure. Examples are given showing the effect of posture on cerebrospinal fluid pressures in man and in the goat. The concentration of arachnoid granulations and venous lacunae near the vertex and the pressures in this region are discussed. The need for more precise methods of pressure measurement in the superior sagittal sinus is outlined by citing the Pitot tube. Pressure studies on patients with presenile dementia and dilated cerebral ventricles are reported.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pressure-volume ratio in the craniospinal cavity in supra- and subtentorial pathology. I. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cerebrospinal fluid compression and decompression of the brain].

The p-V dependence in the craniospinal cavity was studied by the method of dosaged change in the cerebrospinal fluid volume in 15 neurooncological patients who underwent operation for tumor of the posterior cranial fossa in the chiasmal-sellar area. It is shown that this dependence, reflecting the biophysical properties of the intracranial system, has distinguishing features in patients with supra- and subtentorial pathology. For instance, in FP values close to zero the resilience of the intracranial system is higher in patients with supratentorial processes than in patients with subtentorial pathology. In artificial c.s.f. compression, intracranial system resilience grows gradually in patients with basal pathology and increases much more rapidly in patients with subtentorial pathology. The authors discuss the possible causes of the difference in P-V dependence in the groups of patients who were examined and the significance of the obtained information in substantiating intensive therapy in the immediate postoperative period.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Pathogenesis of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

Raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be caused by (a) subarachnoid CSF circulation blocks (b) obstruction of CSF absorption in the arachnoid villi (c) disorders of the venous return from the superior sagittal sinus to the heart. The common factor in these mechanisms is obstructed CSF drainage. Some clinical conditions illustrating these principles are reviewed.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1991

Phlebotomy reverses the hemodynamic consequences of thoracic aortic cross-clamping: relationships between central venous pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

In dogs (n = 11) anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (to an isoelectric EEG), the authors investigated the influence of thoracic aortic cross-clamping (AXC) on systemic hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) with concurrent measurement of total brain flow (tCBF) and regional (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) spinal cord blood flow (SCBF). The effect of phlebotomy (to control the hemodynamic consequences of AXC) on tCBF and SCBF was assessed. Radioactive microspheres were injected at four time periods in each animal: 1) at baseline; 2) with application of the AXC; 3) after phlebotomy, to reduce the proximal mean arterial pressure (MAPp) to baseline values; and 4) 2 min after removal of the AXC (mean AXC time 68 +/- 6 min). With application of the AXC, the MAPp, central venous pressure (CVP), and CSFP significantly increased (104 +/- 6 to 156 +/- 6 mmHg, 3.4 +/- 0.4 to 5.2 +/- 0.7 mmHg, and 3.3 +/- 0.7 to 5.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg, respectively), while distal mean aortic pressure (MAPd) significantly decreased (98 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 1 1 mmHg). Phlebotomy (24 +/- 3 ml.kg-1) significantly decreased MAPp (to 106 +/- 6 mmHg), CVP (to 1.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg), and CSFP (to 1.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg). The CSFP changed in parallel with the changes in CVP, a result suggesting that the alterations in CSFP depended on cardiac preload. The spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP; SCPP = MAPd - CSFP) was unchanged after phlebotomy, since both MAPd and CSFP decreased. The tCBF and cervical SCBF were unchanged when MAPp increased by 50% with application of the AXC; this indicated that autoregulation was intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure guides the management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of cerebrospinal fluid pressure as a decisional factor for immediate surgical revision in cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma removal. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Between 1998 and 2001, 220 patients were operated on for acoustic neuroma by different transpetrosal approaches. Among 24 patients (12%) presenting postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, those with meningitis or with hydrocephalus were excluded. Fifteen patients were included in this study. METHODS: Each patient had initial conservative treatment with serial depletive lumbar punctures and cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements associated with oral acetazolamide. Surgical revision was decided on in case of persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. RESULTS: In eight patients with high cerebrospinal fluid pressure (18+/-1.4 cm H2O; range, 14-28 cm H2O), cerebrospinal fluid leak disappeared in 3 days after conservative treatment. Seven other patients required surgical revision for persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Revision surgery was efficient in six patients with low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (8+/-1.3 cm H2O, range, 3-12 cm H2O). In the remaining patient with high cerebrospinal fluid pressure (18 cm H2O), cerebrospinal fluid leakage continued despite surgical revision, requiring lumboperitoneal shunting. CONCLUSION: The cerebrospinal fluid pressure value may be used as a decisional indicator for cerebrospinal fluid leakage treatment after acoustic neuroma surgery. Low cerebrospinal fluid pressure leakage would imply a revision surgery procedure without delay, whereas high cerebrospinal fluid pressure leakage would imply conservative treatment.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interstitial fluid pressure in the facial nerve: relationship between facial nerve pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

The possibility of measuring interstitial pressure in the facial nerve using a servo-nulling system was investigated. As a pilot study, interstitial fluid pressure in the extirpated medulla oblongata was measured using this system, and was found to be proportional to the pressure applied to the surrounding tissue block. Interstitial fluid pressure of the facial nerve in guinea pigs was also measurable with this system. The pressure in the facial nerve fluctuated with respiration and/or heart beat, as did CSF pressure. Respiratory fluctuations in facial nerve and CSF pressures ceased when the respirator was stopped. Facial nerve pressure appeared to be closely related to CSF pressure; the injection of saline into the CSF space resulted in an increase in facial nerve pressure. Measurement of facial nerve pressure by a servo-nulling system should be useful in evaluating the pathogenesis underlying facial palsy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Pulse pressure and mean pressure relationship of intracranial pressure and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure].

Intracranial pressure fluctuates due to heart beat, respiration, neuro-regulation, etc. Traditional intracranial pressure study focuses on the static pressure and related factors, putting emphasis on mean intracranial pressure, while paying little attention to the pulse components. This study was composed of two parts: animal experiment and theoretical analysis. The animal experiment was performed on 14 mongrel dogs, studying the variation of intracranial pressure wave form under different intracranial pressure level. The dogs were installed epidurally with latex sacculus to establish models of increased intracranial pressure. The degree of intracranial pressure and volume could be altered by changing the volume of fluid in the sacculus. During the process, pressure transducers were arranged to monitor and record the variations of the pressure of intracranial ventricle and lumbar subarachnoid cavity. The result demonstrated that, with the continual increase of intracranial pressure, intracranial pulse pressure increased correspondingly, showing a linear relationship with the change of intracranial pressure. After the sacculus was emptied and reinfused, the slope of the linear relationship was determined to be greater than the former slope. The same result was obtained in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Therefore, the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure is consistent with the intracranial pressure. Intracranial pulse pressure is in linear relationship with mean pressure, and the slope of their linear relationship predicts the perform of intracranial autoregulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Multi-layer neural network analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pressure patterns in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure patterns have been reported as one of the most relevant indexes for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). Forty consecutive patients coming from our observations with the classic Hakim's triad underwent continuous CSF pressure monitoring via lumbar puncture for at least 12 hours. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed as having INPH and underwent CSF shunt. A multi-layer neural network (perceptron) was employed to study the pressure patterns in order to try an alternative classification to the "expert" neurosurgeon one. Differences between expert and neural network classifications were indeed observed. Such differences may depend on the small group studied or on the inadequacy of CFS pressure patterns in correctly individuating those INPH patients who benefit from shunt surgery. The authors think that neural network processing of INPH could add relevant information to select the "responder" patients to surgery: in fact neural networks represent a powerful methodology for aiding the expert to select the proper choice on the basis of "what learnt" by the networks themselves.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗