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Results for “Cerebral Decortication”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Physiopathological and neuropathological study of a cerebral decortication syndrome].

Detailed observation of a case of laminar necrosis of almost the whole of the cerebral cortex has led to several deductions concerning the physiology of the cortex in man. It suggests that the cortex has a limited influence on sleep, interfering particularly in the electro-encephalographic translation of slow sleep and, curiously, in the organisation of sleep, paradoxical sleep is hardly affected at all. It confirms the importance of the human cortex in the acquisition of elementary skills and describes a new oculomotor pattern in a decorticate man.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral decortication reverses the effect of amphetamine on striatal D2 dopamine binding site density.

Unilateral ablation of the cerebral cortex produces a decrease of approximately 38% in striatal D2 dopamine binding site density. Chronic d-amphetamine treatment also produces a decrease of about 22% in D2 binding site density. Paradoxically, when rats were hemidecorticated and treated chronically with d-amphetamine, the density of striatal D2 dopamine binding sites on the decorticated side was increased (by about 50%) rather than decreased. Evidently d-amphetamine-induced down-regulation of D2 dopamine binding sites depends on an intact corticostriatal pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cerebral hemisphere decortication on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer and natural cytotoxic lymphocytes in the mouse.

A comparison was made of the effects of left and right cerebral decortication on cytotoxic activity of natural killer and natural cytotoxic lymphocytes in the mouse. Natural killer cytotoxic activity was significantly reduced after right decortication, whereas left decortication led to a less pronounced, though still significant fall. The cytotoxic activity of natural cytotoxic cells, on the other hand, was significantly increased, particularly 15 days after left decortication. These findings mirror the results of previously published personal findings following electrothermocoagulation of the hypothalamus. The suggestion is made that the cortex and the hypothalamus form an integrated system for the control of certain aspects of natural immunity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

The response of striatal neuropeptide Y and cholinergic neurons to excitatory amino acid agonists.

The effect of excitatory amino acid antagonists on antagonist on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cholinergic neurons in the striatum of the rat was studied by means of NPY immunocytochemistry, DFP histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and biochemical determinations of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Intrastriatal infusion of drugs revealed that striatal neurons containing NPY are more sensitive than cholinergic neurons to the neurotoxic actions of kainic acid (KA), quinolinic acid (QA) and L-glutamic acid (GA); all 3 compounds produced a marked loss of NPY neurons, but only a moderate decrease in the number of AChE neurons or ChAT activity. Co-injection experiments showed that the neurotoxicity of QA and GA, but not that of KA, can be antagonized by the specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 3-((+/-)-2-(carboxypiperazine-4-yl))-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). Destruction of the glutamatergic corticostriatal projection by cerebral decortication protected striatal NPY and cholinergic neurons against KA neurotoxicity. These results indicate that striatal NPY and cholinergic neurons receive prominent cortical amino acid afferents, and that the neurotoxic effect of QA and GA on these neurons is mediated through NMDA receptors.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

A behavioral quantal theory of brain function: an alternative to Lashley's continuity theory of mass action.

A behavioral quantal theory of brain function is formulated on the basis of a newly discovered step-wise relationship invariably present among the findings of three experiments by Tsai, et al. on the effects of (1) cerebral decortication, (2) cranial x-radiation, as well as (3) insulin, metrazol, and electroconvulsive shocks upon white rats' adaptive behavior during their learning of successive habit reversals and one-trial reversal problems. Confirmatory results from earlier investigators who studied effects of various current strengths of ECS upon learning and retention of various maze habits are also cited in support of the behavioral quantal theory of brain function which is proposed here as a close-up, more refined alternative to Lashley's continuity theory of mass action.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Contribution to anatomical and clinical studies of avoidance phenomena (author's transl)].

The authors report 5 cases of avoiding phenomenon of the hand from parietal lesions. Four of these patients were operated for intractable epilepsy, from a parietal cortectomy that implicated a certain amount of white matter. The avoiding phenomena observed are analyzed as elementary motor perturbations rather than a disturbance of motor comportment. The authors distinguish two types of avoiding phenomena: 1--Avoiding phenomenon of dystonic type occurs during any motor activity and persists during all its development. It is probably related to the removal of the cortex of the post-central gyrus and of the anterior part of the superior parietal lobule; 2--The initial avoiding phenomenon is brief and occurs only at the beginning of the movements which implicate solely the upper limb; it seems related to the removal of the internal part of the superior parietal lobule that corresponds approximately to areas 5 and 7 from Brodmann. Some hypotheses are discussed concerning the possible physio-pathological mechanisms of these disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Spectrofluorometric determination of dopamine in small areas of rat brain (author's transl)].

A method for the extraction and quantification of Dopamine from small areas of rat brain has been developed. The extraction with solvents eliminates the column cromatography separations and allows the simultaneous processing of a good number of samples. Sample retrieval is quite high (70%) and very reproducible. The evaluation was made from areas with a minimal weight of 0.225 g. The quantification of Dopamine was obtained using spectrofluorometric techniques, reading the fluorescence of the trihydroxy indol derivate. The linear relation between the instrument readings and the concentration of Dopamine is from 0 to 0.5 microng/ml. The maximal concentration of Dopamine was found in the decorticated cerebral hemispheres (1.485 microng/g), the next highest values in the diencephalon (1.046 microng/), and the minimal concentration in the cerebellum (0.283 microng/g). The concentration of the whole brain was 0.701 microng/g.

Animals↗