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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Cephradine in open heart serugery. Concentrations of cephradine in pericardial exudate and serum after cardiac surgery (author's transl)].

The diffusion of cephradine into the pericardial exudate was measured in 19 patients undergoing heart surgery. Every patient received 2 grams of cephradine (=30 mg/kg) during a 20 minute infusion period, before, during, and after the operation, and than at intervals of 6 hours, together 8 grams per day. The highest mean serum level, 10 minutes after the end of the first injection was 150 microgram/ml and after repeated dosages 102.5 microgram/ml, and at the end of the infusion interval 3.2 microgram/ml in the mean. At the time of opening the pericardium the concentration of the substance in the pericardial exudate, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after finishing the first injection, varied from 4.1 to 38.6 microgram/ml in the average. The postoperative maximum levels were higher than 50 microgram/ml and 6 hours after the respective administrations the levels varied between 12.83 and 15.77 microgram/ml in each case. These high concentrations of cephradine in the pericardial exudate could not be attributed to seepage of blood into the pericardium.-At specific "check points" bacteriological materials were taken. Out of 1168 specimens only 6.7% were bacteriological positive. Drains in wounds, the pleura or the pericardium were sterile in most cases. Intravenous catheters were contaminated only in 1%. However the contamination rate rises with period of storage. The results show that cephradine exhibits good diffusion into the exudate of pericardium. With the chosen dosage the concentrations of the antibiotic in the pericardial exudate are higher than the MIC values of most pathogen bacteria.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of teicoplanin versus cephradine plus metronidazole in the prophylaxis of post-operative infection in vascular surgery.

A total of 272 patients were enrolled into this prospective, unblinded, randomized comparison of single-dose teicoplanin vs three doses of cephradine plus metronidazole as prophylaxis for vascular surgery at St James's and Seacroft Hospitals, Leeds, UK. In all, 71.3% of patients (194/272) were enrolled at St James's University Hospital. Patients received either a single dose of teicoplanin, 6 mg/kg i.v., or cephradine, 1 g i.v. with metronidazole, 1 g rectally, at induction of anaesthesia followed by two further 1 g doses of cephradine and metronidazole 8 and 16 hours later. There were 136 patients in each treatment group. The most common operations were femoropopliteal grafts (96) and aortic aneurysm repairs (47). In the 'intention-to-treat' analysis, primary wound infections were seen in 4.4% of patients (6/136) receiving teicoplanin and 5.9% of patients (8/136) receiving cephradine plus metronidazole (95% CI -6.7%, +3.8%). Other disturbances to wound healing occurred in 23 patients (11 in the teicoplanin and 12 in the cephradine plus metronidazole group). Secondary respiratory tract infections occurred in 17 patients (8 receiving teicoplanin and 9 receiving cephradine plus metronidazole). In the evaluable patients analysis, primary wound infections occurred in 3.5% of patients (4/114) receiving teicoplanin and 5.1% of patients (6/117) receiving cephradine plus metronidazole. Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. were the most common pathogens in primary wound infections. Despite the absence of Gram-negative cover in the teicoplanin group, Gram-negative infections occurred more often in the cephradine plus metronidazole group. Surgery of the lower extremities carried the highest risk of post-operative infection. Rates of infection were significantly higher at Seacroft Hospital (P = 0.001), and significantly higher for cephradine plus metronidazole between the two hospitals (P = 0.0008). Adverse events occurred in 40 patients receiving teicoplanin (29.4%) and 39 patients receiving cephradine plus metronidazole (28.7%). In 19 patients receiving teicoplanin (14%) and 15 receiving cephradine plus metronidazole (11%) these events were considered to be related to the study drugs. The most often reported events were infections, cardiac events and vascular phenomena (haematoma or emboli). Marked changes in haematological parameters and liver function tests were noted seven days after operation in patients in each treatment group, but these resolved quickly as the effects of the operation subsided. ESR remained elevated in both groups at the six-month follow-up assessment. It is concluded from this two-centre study that a single dose of teicoplanin shows similar efficacy to a three-dose regimen of cephradine plus metronidazole as prophylaxis for wound infection in vascular surgery. Both regimens were well tolerated, and there was an equal incidence of adverse events in the two regimens, which reflected the poor general health status of this elderly study population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The liver concentration of cephradin and cephacetril and their elimination in the bile].

Liver biopsies and serum samples were collected after intravenous application of 2 g cephradin (n = 13) or 2 g cephacetril (n = 11) during surgery. There was no difference in the serum levels of cephradin and cephacetril. 30 min. after i.v. application of cephradin the liver tissue concentration was 72.62 mcg/g. 30 min. after i.v. cephacetril the liver tissue concentration was 5.83 mcg/g. The quotient of liver tissue concentration to serum concentration for cephradin was between 0.36 and 0.83, and for cephacetril between 0.02 and 0.16. The excretion of cephradin and cephacetril in human bile was studied by collecting bile samples from the common bile duct via T-tube drainage (n = 17). Cholecystomized patients were given 2 g of antibiotics intravenously. Serum levels of cephradin were 263 mcg/ml 5 min after application, and 22 mcg/ml after 240 min. Serum levels of cephradin were 263 mcg/ml 5 min after application, and 22 mcg/ml after 240 min. Serum levels of cephacetril were 193 mcg/ml 5 min after application, and 27 mcg/ml after 240 min. The highest levels of cephradin in the bile were found 75 min after injection at a concentration of 86.4 mcg/ml; the highest level for cephacetril was 21.8 mcg/ml at 15 min. In patients with hyperbilirubinaemia cephradin reached a mean maximum concentration of 29.6 mcg/ml in bile samples, in comparison to 117.4 mcg/ml in normal patients, while no difference was seen with cephacetril. After intravenous administration of 2 g cephradin biliary concentration are achieved which may be sufficiently high to be effective not only against the very sensitive gram-positive organisms, but also against most strains of E. coli, Klebsiella and indol-negative Proteus. Cephradin is effective in the treatment of cholangitis and intrahepatic abscesses, as was observed in 18 patients. A free bile-flow is essential.

Bile↗
PubMed1974

Cephradine: absorption, excretion, and tissue distribution in animals of a new cephalosporin antibiotic.

Metabolic studies were conducted with cephradine administred by the oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, or rectal routes to mice, rats, and dogs. Peak blood levels were usually attained in 30 to 150 min after dosing, depending on the animal species studied. Based on urinary excretion, cephradine appeared to be well absorbed after oral or subcutaneous administration; after rectal doses, cephradine was absorbed poorly. In rats and dogs given oral or intravenous doses of cephradine, about 70 to 100% of the administered dose was recovered during a 24-h collection period. Cephradine was excreted unchanged. After the oral or intravenous administration of [(3)H]cephradine to rats and dogs, respectively, its plasma half-life was about 1 h. After oral administration to rats, cephradine was distributed widely throughout the body tissues, with the greatest concentrations in the kidneys and liver; at 45 min to 6 h postdose, cephradine concentrations in the kidneys and liver were about 8 and 3 times higher, respectively, than those in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of cephradine administered intravenously and orally to young and elderly subjects.

The pharmacokinetics of IV and oral cephradine in healthy young male and female volunteers (ages 19 to 25, n = 10) were compared to those of older individuals (ages 65 to 81, n = 9). Subjects received 1 gram of cephradine by a 5-minute intravenous (IV) infusion followed the next day by a 1-gram oral dose. Serial serum and urine samples collected over a period of 12 hours after the dose were analyzed for cephradine concentration by a microbiologic assay. After IV administration, mean serum cephradine concentrations in the elderly group were significantly higher at both 6 hours (1.52 +/- 0.41 mcg/mL) and 8 hours (0.73 +/- 0.22 mcg/mL) than in the young group at 6 hours (0.43 +/- 0.11 mcg/mL). Total systemic clearance was significantly lower (2.64 +/- 0.34 vs. 4.81 +/- 0.59 ml/min/kg) and the elimination half-life was significantly longer (1.71 +/- 0.20 vs 1.12 +/- 0.13 hours) in the elderly group (P = .0001). Systemic cephradine clearance correlated positively with creatinine clearance (r2 = 0.34, P = .0110) and negatively with age (r2 = 0.79, P = .0052). The mean volume of distribution was not significantly different between the two groups. Mean renal clearance was significantly lower in the elderly group (P = .0001), but more than 80% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 6 hours in both groups. After oral administration, the mean peak concentration and time to peak concentration did not differ between groups. The relative oral bioavailability was approximately 94% in both groups. The mean serum concentrations in the elderly were higher at both 6 and 8 hours than in the young group at 6 hours. There were no differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between male and female subjects. Because of reduced cephradine clearance secondary to an age-related decline in renal function, administration of cephradine every 8 hours, rather than every 6 hours, may be sufficient in elderly patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

CAPD peritonitis: a prospective randomized trial of oral versus intraperitoneal treatment with cephradine.

In a prospective randomized clinical trial 84 peritonitis episodes were treated with cephradine, either orally or intraperitoneally. No difference in treatment outcome between both groups could be demonstrated. In episodes caused by susceptible micro-organisms a good response was seen in 82% in the oral and 82% in the intraperitoneal groups. These clinical findings were supported by the demonstration of adequate cephradine concentrations in serum and dialysate after oral as well as after intraperitoneal administration. Altogether cephradine was given orally or intraperitoneally in 88 episodes of peritonitis as drug of first choice. In 52 a complete cure was obtained, in 36 another antibiotic was subsequently needed as soon as bacterial susceptibility was known. No patient deteriorated appreciably during the delay between the start of cephradine and the switch to another antibiotic. Of the 36 episodes 14, caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, responded well initially to cephradine but relapsed later. Change to another antibiotic effected a complete recovery in all 14 cases. Of the remaining 22 episodes, 14 were cured by the other antibiotic, in eight the catheter had to be removed. Aminoglycosides could be avoided except for ten of the episodes. During peritonitis CAPD was continued, in 71% of the cases on an outpatient basis. Mortality due to peritonitis was absent. We conclude that oral cephradine can be used as drug of first choice in the initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis, because a good initial response was obtained in 66 (52 + 14) i.e. 75% of 88 episodes. However, complete cure by cephradine alone was achieved in only 60%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Disposition kinetics of cephradine in normal and Escherichia coli infected goats.

The pharmacokinetics of cephradine was studied following single and repeated intramuscular injections in normal and Escherichia coli infected goats. Bioavailability of cephradine was determined in normal goats after a single intramuscular dose. The serum concentrations of cephradine following a single and repeated intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg b.wt. twice daily for five consecutive days, peaked 2 hours after each intramuscular dose with a lower significant value recorded in E. coli infected goats than in normal goats. The absorption half-lives (t0.5(ab)) following a single intramuscular injection of cephradine was significantly higher in E. coli infected goats (1.18 h) than in normal goats (0.64 h). The elimination half-lives (t0.5(beta)) of cephradine were significantly higher in E. coli infected goats than in normal goats following the administration of fifth and ninth doses. The urine and milk concentrations of cephradine were significantly lower in E. coli infected goats than in normal goats. The mean systemic bioavailability of cephradine following a single intramuscular injection in normal goats was 73.9%.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cephradine in the treatment of infective endocarditis.

Ten patients with a mean age of 34.1 years with infective endocarditis (55% of cases due to Staphylococcus aureus) were treated with cephradine. The peak serum levels of cephradine (8-42 microgram/ml) were 3- to 17-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cephradine against pathogenic strains of S aureus (1.2-4 microgram/ml). Patients treated with cephradine became afebrile in 2 to 13 days of therapy, and their white blood cell count returned to a normal level in 3 to 30 days. Cephradine therapy was well tolerated without any incidence of phlebitis. The drug could be administered by three different routes. Cephradine is a useful cephalosporin for treatment of nonenterococcal gram-positive endocarditis in young heroin addicts.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cost-benefit analysis of cephradine and mezlocillin prophylaxis for abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy.

Four hundred patients (300 abdominal and 100 vaginal hysterectomies) were randomized to receive a single, pre-operative intravenous injection of saline (placebo), 2 g cephradine or 5 g mezlocillin. The frequency of wound and pelvic infections was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05, chi 2- or Fisher's exact test) in the abdominal hysterectomy patients who received cephradine (16% vs 23% mezlocillin, 29% placebo) and in the vaginal hysterectomy patients who received cephradine or mezlocillin (0% mezlocillin, 6% cephradine vs 27% placebo). These results are similar to those of previous studies and suggest that prophylaxis is more effective for vaginal than for abdominal hysterectomy. However, a cost-benefit analysis supported the opposite conclusion. Cephradine prophylaxis for abdominal hysterectomy resulted in cost savings to the hospital and the community health services with measurable benefits to the patient. In contrast, cephradine or mezlocillin prophylaxis for vaginal hysterectomy resulted in increased costs to the hospital, no savings to community services and no significant benefit to the patient. We conclude that cost-benefit analysis provided valuable additional information to the conventional, statistical analysis of wound or pelvic infection rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cephradine and cefazolin in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The pharmacokinetics of cephradine, a cephalosporin with a low degree of protein binding, was studied in 12 women after oral and intravenous administration of the drug during and after pregnancy. Six of the 12 women also received a cephalosporin with a high degree of protein binding, cefazolin, intravenously during and after pregnancy. For both drugs most pharmacokinetic parameters were altered in pregnancy. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) following intravenous administration was smaller for both drugs during as compared to after pregnancy (mean change 39% for cephradine and 31% for cefazolin). Half-lives of both drugs were significantly shorter during compared with after pregnancy (mean change 26% for cephradine and 35% for cefazolin). Consequently, total body clearance was increased during pregnancy. A significant negative correlation between length of gestation and total clearance per kg bodyweight was seen for cephradine. The bioavailability of oral cephradine did not differ significantly during compared with after pregnancy. It is concluded that the dosage of both cefazolin and cephradine should be increased when treating infections in pregnant women in order to obtain the same antibacterial effect as when treating non-pregnant women.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

H+ coupled transport of p.o. cephalosporins via dipeptide carriers in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes: difference of transport characteristics between cefixime and cephradine.

We demonstrated previously that aminocephalosporins, such as cephradine, possessing a alpha-amino group and a carboxyl group, are transported via H+/dipeptide carrier system in the intestinal brush-border membranes. The present study examined the transport characteristics of cefixime, a new p.o. cephalosporin with two carboxyl groups, by the rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles in comparison with those of cephradine. With an intravesicular pH of 7.5, apparent optimum extravesicular pH was 6.0 for cephradine uptake and more acidic (pH 4.5-5.0) for cefixime uptake. An inward H+ gradient [( pH]i = 7.5, [pH]o = 5.0) induced overshoot uptake of cefixime, and this uptake was reduced in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, a protonophore. Cefixime uptake at pH 5.0 was trans-stimulated (countertransport effect) and cis-inhibited by dipeptides and aminocephalosporins but not at pH 7.5. Cephradine uptake at pH 7.5 was stimulated by the countertransport effect of dipeptide but not by cefixime. Cefixime and cephradine uptake at pH 5.0 was greatly inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene. These findings indicate that cefixime is transported by an inward H+ gradient via dipeptide carrier only in an acidic pH region, whereas cephradine is transported via dipeptide carrier in both neutral and acidic pH regions, suggesting the existence of multiple transport systems for dipeptides; a neutral pH preferring system (Type I) and an acidic pH preferring system (Type II).

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Solution stability of cephradine neutralized with arginine or sodium bicarbonate.

The solution stability of two formulations of cephradine--one using L-arginine and the other sodium carbonate as the neutralizer--was studied. Solutions of each formulation of 1% cephradine were prepared in the following diluents: 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer's injection, Ringer's injection, Normosol-R injection, 5% dextrose injection, and sterile water for injection; 5 and 25% solutions were made with sterile water for injection. All solutions were maintained at 25 degrees C, and at least five samples of each were assayed at various time intervals. Assay methods were HPLC, hydroxylamine colorimetric assay, microbiological agar diffusion, and iodometric analysis. By all assay methods, degradation rates of 1% solutions were lower for the arginine-neutralized product than for the one neutralized with sodium carbonate. This may be attributable to the lower pH values of solutions of the formulation with arginine, because one mechanism of degradation is pH-dependent. At concentrations of 5%, the difference in cephradine stability between the two formulations was minimal. At the 25% concentration, the formulations containing sodium carbonate were more stable. At these higher concentrations, the effect of pH is less important because degradation occurs by a combination of mechanisms. The 1% cephradine-arginine formulation was more stable than the same strength cephradine-sodium carbonate formulation in all the i.v. diluents studied. At 5 and 25% cephradine concentrations, the differences in stability between the two formulations were not substantial.

Arginine↗
PubMed1996

In vitro and in vivo studies on microcapsules and tabletted microcapsules of cephradine.

Cephradine was microencapsulated by coacervation. Ethyl cellulose was used as the polymer and a core/wall ratio of 1:1 was selected. The repose angle, apparent and tapped density, particle size distribution of cephradine microcapsules (CM) and of cephradine powder were examined. Then flat-surfaced tablets of CM were prepared using Avicel PH 101 and magnesium stearate. In vitro and in vivo properties of CM and tabletted CM (both equivalent to 150 mg cephradine) were compared with commercial capsules (equivalent to 250 mg cephradine). The dissolution studies were carried out by the rotating basket method and the agar diffusion method was applied for quantitative determinations. Among the investigated kinetic models for the release of cephradine from CM and tabletted CM the best fit was found with the Higuchi model. In vivo studies were made in rabbits. Bioavailabilities of CM and their tabletted form were higher than that of the commercial capsules. In vitro/in vivo correlations between mean residence time (MRT) and mean dissolution time (MDT) for CM and tabletted CM were calculated. A good correlation was found between the in vitro and in vivo results.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Toxicological, pathological, and teratological studies in animals with cephradine.

Cephradine, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, has a low order of oral and parenteral toxicity in animals. The oral LD(50) in mice and rats ranged from 5 to >8 g/kg, and the intraperitoneal LD(50) values in mice and rats were 0.7 to 1.5 g/kg and 4.0 g/kg, respectively. The intravenous LD(50) in mice ranged from 3.0 to 3.8 g/kg. In anesthetized dogs, intravenous doses of cephradine (40 and 120 mg/kg, given 45 min apart) had no effect on either the renal or cardiovascular systems. Single intramuscular injections (0.25 ml or 0.5 ml of a solution containing 125 to 235 mg of cephradine/ml) elicited no signs of either pain or local irritation in dogs, and only transient signs of slight-to-moderate irritation were observed in rabbits. In subacute toxicity studies, cephradine was administered for 4 weeks to rats (daily intraperitoneal doses of 160, 480, or 1,600 mg/kg) and dogs (daily intravenous doses of 80, 240, or 800 mg/kg); in addition, over a 2-week period, monkeys were given daily intravenous doses of 60, 180, or 600 mg/kg. No clinical, biochemical, gross, or micropathological changes due to cephradine were observed in these animals; especially notable was the absence of any signs of nephrotoxicity. In chronic toxicity studies, daily doses of cephradine were administered orally to rats (100 to 1,000 mg/kg), dogs (50 to 500 mg/kg), and monkeys (50 to 500 mg/kg) for 26, 26, and 13 weeks, respectively. Significant responses were observed only in rats, in which grossly enlarged, but histologically normal, ceca developed, a common finding in rodents dosed with antibiotics; in addition, there were increases in the relative and absolute weights of the adrenal glands. None of these effects was observed in rats that were necropsied 3 weeks after termination of dosage. In reproduction studies in mice and rats given either daily oral doses (100 or 300 mg/kg) or daily intraperitoneal doses (rats only; 80 or 320 mg/kg) of cephradine, no drug-related teratogenic changes in the offspring were observed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1975

[The plasma-protein-binding of Clindamycin Cephazolin and Cephradin in neonates and adults (author's transl)].

In pooled serum of 12 healthy adults and 12 neonates (blood taken from the umbilical cord) the free and protein-bound parts of Cephazolin, Cephradin and Clindamycin were tested by equilibrium dialysis in relation to the concentration of the antibiotic. In the serum of adults at a concentration of 36 mcg/ml the free part of Cephazolin amounted to 16%, at a concentration of 35 mcg/ml the free Cephradin was 87%, at a concentration of 97 mcg/ml the free Clindamycin was 16%. The binding constant k of Cephazolin was 12.0 (rise-constant 0.58), of Cephradin 0.26 and of Clindamycin 15.8 (rise-constant 0.58). When concentration of antibiotics rose, the free part of Clindamycin and Cephazolin increased more than with Cephradin. At a concentration of 30--42 mcg/ml the differences between the sera of adults and neonates were 26.4% with Cephazolin, 3.7% with Cephradin and 3.1% with Clindamycin (concentration 92--97 mcg/ml). In neonates the free part of Cephazolin was 43%, of Clindamycin 19% and of Cephradin 90%. The lower ablumin content in serum of neonates (3.7 g%) does not altogether explain the reduced protein-binding. In neonates a different affinity for binding has to be assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Fluorometric determination of cephradine in plasma.

A fluorometric method was developed for the determination of cephradine in plasma. A fluorescent product is formed when samples of deproteinized plasma containing cephradine are heated for 3 hr at 100 degrees and pH 1. The fluorescence is determined in sodium hydroxide solution (pH 13.5) at excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 and 445 nm, respectively. Only 0.1 ml of plasma is required, and concentrations of cephradine as small as 0.1 mug/ml may be determined. In plasma samples from a dog taken over a 10-hr period after an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of cephradine, essentially similar concentrations of cephradine were obtained by the fluorometric method and a standard microbiological bioassay.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cephradin-plaga microspheres for sustained delivery to cattle.

In the field of controlled drug delivery, most of the reported work is aimed at introducing new systems, or at providing basic information on the critical parameters which affect release profiles in vitro and occasionally in vivo. The situation is totally different when one wants to fulfil the specific requirements imposed by the marketing of a sustained release device to be used in humans or in animals eaten by human beings. The control of the release characteristics is then a difficult challenge. In this work, attempts were made to combine cephradin, a hydrophilic beta-lactam antibiotic, and bioresorbable polymeric matrices of a poly(alpha-hydroxy acid) in the form of microspheres with the aim of delivering the antibiotic to cattle at a dose rate of 4-5 mg/kg/day over a 3-4 days period after i.m. injection. PLAGA aliphatic polyesters were selected because they are already FDA approved as matrices. The solvent evaporation technique using PVA as the emulsion stabilizer was selected because it is efficient and can be extended to an industrial scale. Various experimental conditions were used in order to obtain the highest encapsulation yields compatible with the desired specifications. Decreasing the volume of the aqueous phase and adding a water-miscible organic solvent/non-solvent of cephradin failed. In contrast, microspheres containing up to 30% cephradin were prepared after addition of sodium chloride to the aqueous dispersing phase. The amount of entrapped drug was raised to 40% by decreasing the temperature and the pressure. Preliminary investigations using dogs showed that 20% cephradin microspheres prepared under these conditions extended the presence of cephradin in the blood circulation up to 48 h. Increasing the load led to higher blood concentrations but shorter sustained release. The fact that the microspheres were for cattle limited the volume of the injection and thus the amount of microspheres to be administered. The other limiting factors were related to microsphere morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

One and two doses of cephradine in the prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis.

The efficacy of cephradine in the prophylaxis of rabbit Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis was investigated. Three days after cardiac catheterization and prior to challenge with S. sanguis, rabbits received either 1000 mg/kg (ten animals) or 500 mg/kg cephradine intramuscularly. Infective endocarditis was prevented in only 30% of the animals. The addition of a second dose of cephradine (100 mg/kg) 8 h after an initial dose of 400 mg/kg did not prevent streptococcal endocarditis in 80% of animals tested. In one or two dose regimens cephradine was found to be inferior to a single 400 mg/kg prophylactic dose of amoxycillin. Cephradine is not recommended for prophylaxis against streptococcal endocarditis.

Amoxicillin↗