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Results for “Central Nervous System Cysts”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Magnetization transfer analysis of brain tumor, infection, and infarction.

Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging has been used to characterize tissues. A prospective analysis of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was performed on 107 patients with brain tumors, infection, and infarction to determine its efficacy in differential diagnosis. MTRs of brain tumor, infection, and infarction were significantly lower than those of normal gray and white matter. The cystic centers of infection had significantly higher MTRs than infarct and cystic tumors. The MTRs of infarction were significantly higher than those of cystic low-grade gliomas and benign tumors. The non-enhancing cystic components of infection, low-grade gliomas, and benign tumors were readily distinguished from solid infarction on enhanced images without MT. Using the MTR of 0.01 as a cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MT imaging for distinguishing cystic infection from cystic tumors were 90.00%, 75.86%, and 79.49%, respectively. MT imaging may be valuable in differentiating cystic infection from cystic neoplasm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:395-399.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Etiologic and therapeutic aspects of acquired central diabetes insipidus].

Acquired central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disease due to anatomic lesions of the hypothalamo-pituitary system. We discuss the etiologic and therapeutic aspects of CDI. Through 5 cases and a review of the literature. We report: Two cases of Langerhans histiocytosis, a 21 year old man and a 37 year old women. The CDI was the only endocrine manifestation in the man, but it was associated with panhypopituitarism and infiltration of the thyroid gland by histiocytosis cells in the women. One case of suprasellar germinoma, a 18 year old adolescent had hypocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism associated with CDI and hyperprolactinemia. One case of pituitary cystic lesion with extension to the suprasellar area, a 36 year old women presenting with hypocorticism, growth hormone deficiency, and hyperprolactinemia. One case of neuro-Behçet's disease in a 47 year old man. He presented with strokes and CDI. When the CDI is isolated Langerhans Histiocytosis should be considered first. The exploration of the hypothalamo-pituitary region using MRI showed different anatomic lesions in patients with CDI. It is very difficult to determine definitive diagnosis before surgery in the cases of cystic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Histological analysis of cystic tumour like lesions of central nervous system.

True cysts of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare lesions. A retrospective study of patients with symptomatic non-neoplastic cystic lesions of CNS operated in the Department of Neurosurgery, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi between Jan 1994 and Feb 2001 was conducted. Parasitic cysts, cystic transformation of hemmorhages, vascular malformations and cystic tumours were excluded from the study. A total of 109 cases were reviewed. There were 34, 27, 17, 16, 8, 3 and 2 cases of epidermoid, arachnoid, dermoid, colloid, neurenteric, Rathke's and ependymal cysts and 1 case each of choroid plexus and glial cysts. The clinical presentations, locations, incidence and pathogenesis of these cysts is discussed.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Edema is a precursor to central nervous system peritumoral cyst formation.

Despite the common occurrence and frequent clinical effects of peritumoral cysts in the central nervous system (CNS), the mechanism underlying their development and evolution is not understood. Because they commonly produce peritumoral cysts and because serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is obtained in von Hippel-Lindau disease patients, hemangioblastomas provide an opportunity to examine the pathophysiology of CNS peritumoral cyst formation. Serial MRI was correlated with the clinical findings in 16 von Hippel-Lindau disease patients with 22 CNS hemangioblastomas (11 spinal cord; 11 cerebellar) that were associated with the appearance and evolution of peritumoral cysts. Hemangioblastoma-associated cyst wall histomorphological analysis was performed on postmortem tissues from three von Hippel-Lindau disease patients (not in the clinical series). Comparative proteomic profiling was performed on peritumoral cyst fluid and serum. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were determined in peritumoral cysts. MRI clearly showed peritumoral edema that developed and slowly and progressively evolved into enlarging hemangioblastoma-associated cysts in all tumors (mean follow-up, 130 +/- 38 months; mean +/- standard deviation). Postcontrast MRI demonstrated convective leakage of gadolinium into cysts. Mean time required for edema to evolve into a cyst was 36 +/- 23 months (range, 8-72 months). Thirteen (59%) hemangioblastoma-cysts became symptomatic (mean time to symptom formation after cyst development, 35 +/- 32 months; range, 3-102 months) and required resection. Protein profiles of cyst fluid and serum were similar. Mean cyst fluid vascular endothelial growth factor concentration was 1.5 ng/ml (range, 0-5.4 ng/ml). Histology of the cyst walls was consistent with reactive gliosis. CNS peritumoral cyst formation is initiated by increased tumor vascular permeability, increased interstitial pressure in the tumor, and plasma extravasation with convective distribution into the surrounding tissue. When the delivery of plasma from the tumor exceeds the capacity of the surrounding tissue to absorb the extravasated fluid, edema (with its associated increased interstitial pressure) and subsequent cyst formation occur.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Unexpected findings on brain and spine imaging in children.

In the office practice of pediatrics, the clinical threshold for order-ing imaging studies of the brain and spine has fallen in recent years, and requests have multiplied for consultation .o assess the meaning of unexpected imaging findings. Familiarity with the most common entities that precipitate such requests allows the pediatrician to allay parental anxieties with informed preliminary counseling and to set appropriate priorities for subsequent referrals and investigations.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed2004

Benign cysts in the central nervous system: neuropathological observations of the cyst walls.

A diverse variety of benign cysts exist in the CNS. Advances in diagnostic radiology have facilitated diagnoses and surgical intervention in many patients with CNS cysts. However, a fundamental understanding of the pathological features of these lesions is clinically vital. From an etiological point of view, the cysts can be divided into two groups. The first includes lesions that arise from within the CNS and may be static structures such as cavities arising from infarcts and other destructive processes while other lesions such as arachnoid cysts, ependymal cysts, cystic hemangioblastoma, cystic cerebellar astrocytoma and infectious processes, are progressive. The second group of cysts arise from the intrusion of non-nervous system tissue into the neuroaxis and are usually midline. They are frequently expanding congenital lesions although some become symptomatic only in adults. Examples include teratomas, dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke's cleft cysts, and other epithelial cysts presumably derived from the upper respiratory or intestinal tract. Chick embryos exposed to lead have been used as a model of cyst formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Epithelial cyst in the central nervous system--characteristic expression of cytokeratin].

Twenty one cases of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system including six colloid cysts of the third ventricle, eight Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella, two enterogenous cysts in the posterior fossa, two epithelial cysts in the spinal canal and three neuroectodermal cysts in the cerebrum were examined immunohistochemically for expression of intermediate filamentous proteins-simple type, stratified type and skin type cytokeratins and GFAP. Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complexed type cytokeratins while enterogenous cysts and neuroectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. In addition, several Rathke's cleft cysts demonstrated skin type differentiation and expressed GFAP in occasional lining cells. The characteristic composition and distribution of cytokeratins in various kinds of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system are demonstrated and discussed with regards to their origins.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cytokeratin immunohistochemical study of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system: with special reference to origins of colloid cyst of the third ventricle and Rathke's cleft cyst in the sella.

A variety of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system were examined immunohistochemically for expression of cytokeratins. Colloid cysts, Rathke's cleft cysts and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complex type cytokeratins, while enterogenous cysts and neuroectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. Colloid cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of upper respiratory tract which is endodermal in origin. In contrast, Rathke's cleft cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of the adenohypophysis and salivary gland which are ectodermal in origin. The CK immunohistochemical studies are discussed with regards to diagnostic significance and origins of their cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epithelial cysts in the central nervous system, characteristic expression of cytokeratins in an immunohistochemical study.

Nineteen epithelial cysts in the central nervous system including six colloid cysts of the third ventricle, seven Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella, two enterogenous cysts in the posterior fossa, two epithelial cysts in the spinal canal and two neuroectodermal cysts in the cerebrum were examined immunohistochemically for expression of intermediate filament proteins-simple type, stratified type and skin type cytokeratins and GFAP. Colloid cysts of the third ventricle, Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complex type cytokeratins while enterogenous cysts and neuro-ectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. In addition, Rathke's cleft cysts expressed GFAP in occasional lining cells. The characteristic composition and distribution of cytokeratins in various kinds of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system are demonstrated and discussed with regard to their origins.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of benign cysts in the central nervous system.

This report concerns the immunohistochemical characterization of 6 cases of thin-walled cysts in the central nervous system (enterogenous cyst, paraphyseal neuroepithelial cyst, Rathke's cleft cyst and arachnoid cyst). Antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin (KER) and vimentin (VIM) were used. The enterogenous cyst was positive for KER, EMA and CEA. The neuroepithelial cyst of paraphyseal origin was positive for KER and S-100. The three Rathke's cleft cysts were positive for KER and EMA, but negative for S-100 and CEA, and the arachnoid cyst was positive for EMA and VIM. A unified concept and classification of the types of cysts studied based on immunohistochemical assays are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Imaging findings of central nervous system neuroepithelial cysts.

Neuroepithelial cysts are rare and mostly asymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-like cysts. We describe herein the imaging findings in five patients with neuroepithelial cysts. Two cases of proven and three of presumed neuroepithelial cysts are presented. Three of five are located in the thalamus, a location which is not characteristic for neuroepithelial cysts. In the case of incidental finding of asymptomatic neuroepithelial cyst, clinical and radiological follow-up is indicated and surgical intervention is not necessarily warranted.

Adult↗