Studies on soluble elements and solubility of dental cement (1)--solubilities of zinc phosphate cement, carboxylate cement and silicate cement in the distilled water.
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Acrylic Resins↗
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Effects of cement, cement space, marginal design, seating aid materials, and seating force on crown cementation.
An evaluation of the effects of a die spacer, the seating force, the marginal design, seating aid materials, and the cement type during cementation was conducted. Two stainless steel dies were used: one with a 1 mm shoulder and the other with a shoulder and a 65-degree bevel. Ten stone dies were produced from each metal die and half were painted with four layers of die spacer. The crowns were waxed on the dies and cast in a nonprecious alloy, and the seating of crowns was measured with a micrometer before and after cementation. Comparisons were made between zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements under two seating forces of 5 and 30 lb using an orangewood stick or E-Z-bite seating aid. ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls test revealed that the use of a die spacer, a heavier force of 30 lb, and glass ionomer cement significantly improved crown seating. The beveled preparation led to superior crown seating when the heavier force or glass ionomer cement was used. The orangewood stick and bite device had a similar effect on crown seating.
Cementation↗
[Contribution to the study of fixing stock porcelain facets in metallic structures using:- Porcelain, zinc phosphate cements, silico phosphate cements, policarboxylate cements, composite resin, metallic porcelain and porcelain bound to metal].
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Composite Resins↗
Revision of cemented fixation and cement-bone interface strength.
Interfacial shear strength between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement and cancellous bone was measured in bone samples from human proximal femora. Samples were prepared with fresh cement-bone, fresh cement inside a mantle of existing cement and with fresh cement-revised bone surfaces. Push-out tests to measure shear strength caused failure only at bone-cement interfaces; revised bone interfaces were 30 per cent weaker (P < 0.02) than primary interfaces. The clinical relevance is that revision of cemented joint arthroplasties may necessitate removal of components with sound cement-bone fixation. The practice of removing all traces of PMMA cement may not yield the optimal fixation; adhesion of fresh cement to freshly prepared surfaces of the existing cement might also be considered where circumstances are favourable.
Bone Cements↗
Effects of temporary cementation on permanent cement retention to composite resin cores.
This in vitro study compared the effects on retention of base metal cylindrical retainers placed on composite resin cores when pretreated with eugenol and noneugenol temporary cements. Sixty composite cores and base metal cylindrical retainers were tested. The cores were pretreated with eugenol and noneugenol temporary cements before eventual cementation with resin and zinc phosphate cements. Cemented core retention was measured by application of a compressive force to the cores in an Instron machine. Differences were found between the two permanent cements. Pretreatment with eugenol cement reduced retainer retention with resin cements, but had no effect with zinc phosphate cement. Pretreatment with noneugenol cement did not reduce retainer retention.
Cementation↗
Clinical study of dental cements. VI. A study of zinc phosphate, EBA-reinforced zinc oxide eugenol and polyacrylic acid cements as luting agents in fixed prostheses.
A clinical trial for the final cementation of crowns and bridges with a reinforced zinc oxide and eugenol cement, a polyacrylic acid cement and a zinc phosphate cement was made over a 3-year period. The study involved 441 patients for whom 547 bridges and 162 single restorations were cemented. The patients were recalled at 6-month intervals for the duration of the study and the restorations were examined for looseness. Of the 547 bridges 520 remained firmly cemented to the abutment teeth. Of 1,082 bridge retainers, 1,049 remained in position; success and failure by types of retainer will be the subject of a subsequent paper. Of the 162 single restorations 159 remained in place.
Acrylates↗
Influence of cement layer thickness on the adhesive bond strength of polyalkenoate cements.
The fracture toughness and yield stress values of model zinc polycarboxylate and glass polyalkenoate cements have been used to calculate plastic zone sizes. The size of the plastic zone at the crack tip in these materials has been used to predict whether cement layer thickness is likely to influence the adhesive bond strength. In the model zinc polycarboxylate cement studied, the plastic zone size was comparable to the cement layer thickness and had a pronounced influence on the shear bond strengths obtained. In contrast, the plastic zone sizes obtained for the glass polyalkenoate cements were much smaller and the shear bond strengths were found to be much less dependent on cement layer thickness.
Adhesiveness↗
[Intraoperative complications during cementation of hip arthroplasty. Avoiding air embolization during cementation].
Circulatory collapse is known to occur during cementation of hip arthroplasty. The pathogenesis is multifarious, but the most important cause is believed to be formation of air embolism during insertion and cementation of the femoral component followed by air embolism in the heart. Inserting the cement retrogradely with a cement gun following distal plugging of the femoral cavity with spongiosa and using a plastic catheter for suction drainage reduces the air embolisation. Cement producing as little heat as possible during the setting should be used. Maintaining anaesthesia with N2O air embolism and should be avoided during and after cementation. Pre- and intraoperative care of the patient's circulation and oxygenation is essential. The use of pulse oximetry, capnography and precordially recorded Doppler ultrasound are recommended for monitoring air embolism.
Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
Monomer leakage from polymerizing acrylic bone cement. An in vitro study on the influence of speed and duration of mixing, cement volume and surface area.
An in vitro study was dthesigned to measure the effects of variable cement volumes and modified mixing techniques on the monomer leakage after simulated implantation. The cement volume as such was found to be an irrelevant parameter for calculations of the monomer loss from bone cement. The leakage was directly related to the surface area of the cement. Variations in the thickness of the cement mantle from 1 to 5 mm did not affect the leakage. Late cement insertion should reduce the total monomer leakage into the tissues. It is doubtful whether an increased stirring speed during mixing reduces the monomer leakage after implantation.
Bone Cements↗
Clinical studies of dental cements: V. Recall evaluation and a zinc phosphate cement.
Patients with restorations cemented with a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement and a zinc phosphate cement were recalled after a four- to seven-year interval. No significant differences in clinical success were observed between restoration luted with the two cements. No significant difference in the incidence of caries at the restoration margins was noted between the cements.
Dental Restoration, Permanent↗
Cement removal in revision hip arthroplasty. Experience with bone cement added to the cavity in 20 cases.
A new technique for cement removal is presented where bone cement is added to the cavity after removal of a femoral component. The old and new segments of cement are then removed together by using a threaded extractor. In 16 of 20 patients, the method was successful; the entire cement mass was extracted in 35 (25-50) min without complications or bone loss. In 4 of the patients, the technique had to be combined with traditional methods for cement removal.
Aged↗
Clinical study of dental cements. VII. A study of bridge retainers luted with three different dental cements.
In a clinical study of three luting cements, 547 bridges and 162 crowns were permanently cemented. Patients were recalled at 6-month intervals and the restorations were examined for looseness. A pattern of retainer type, cement type and retainer success was demonstrable.
Acrylates↗
Effect of temporary cements on the bond strength of a resin cement.
This study evaluated the effect of temporary cements with or without eugenol on the bond strength of a dual-cure resin cement to dentin. Etched, silanated Dicor buttons were bonded to dentin surfaces after pretreatment with the cements. The buttons were sheared in an Instron testing machine. The results showed that shear bond strength is not affected by the temporary cements, if the dentin is cleaned with pumice and treated with Prisma Universal Bond 3 dentin bonding system.
Analysis of Variance↗
The cemented unicondylar knee arthroplasty. An in vitro comparison of three cement techniques.
Three cementation techniques were investigated to determine their effect on initial fixation of unicondylar tibial components. Twenty-one anatomic specimens were divided into three groups. In Groups A and B, the medial tibial plateau was minimally resected. Group A was drill interdigitated and pulse lavaged, Group B was left "as cut". In Group C, the articular cartilage was curetted, exposing the subchondral bone entirely. An Ortholoc II unicondylar prosthesis was cemented onto the tibias, after which a 981-N load was applied anteromedially at 1 Hz for 10,000 cycles. Measurements for anterior and posterior micromotion were taken at the first cycle, every ten cycles for the first 100 cycles, every 100 cycles for the first 1000, and every 250 cycles thereafter. Measurements for anterior subsidence and posterior liftoff were taken after every 1000 cycles. Group A was found to be significantly better than Group B in anterior micromotion, posterior micromotion, and posterior liftoff in all load cycles. Group A was also found to be significantly better than Group C in anterior micromotion, posterior micromotion, and posterior liftoff in all load cycles. The performance of Groups B and C was highly variable. Both groups had specimens with extreme micromotions in response to low loads. Group A provided consistent and superior results. This study shows that cementation techniques employing multiple-drill-hole interdigitation and pulse lavage produce rigid initial fixation and consistent excellent results. Cementing to the smooth subchondral bone or unlavaged cancellous bone was unreliable.
Arthroplasty↗
Is it advantageous to strengthen the cement-metal interface and use a collar for cemented femoral components of total hip replacements?
The mechanism of initiation of loosening of cemented femoral components is now known. It is debonding at the cement-metal interface. Current data strongly support the concept that a collar and improvement of the cement-metal interface are valuable. Precoating and having a roughened surface proximally and distally on the stem contribute to extended longevity of the cement-metal interface. Using contemporary instrumentation, collar-calcar contact can be achieved regularly and, once achieved, is well maintained for years.
Arthroplasty↗
The performance of first molar orthodontic bands cemented with glass ionomer cement--a retrospective analysis.
Various factors influencing the survival time of orthodontic bands cemented to first permanent molars with glass ionomer cement (KETAC-CEM, Espe) have been investigated. Data on 513 patients with 1424 first molar bands who completed orthodontic treatment between 1985 and 1989 inclusive were analysed. Performance of bands cemented to first permanent molars varied according to the operator, age of the patient and treatment mechanics, but not according to the sex of the patient or quadrant in which the band was fitted.
Adolescent↗
Effect of ultrasonic ZnPO-4 cement removal on band adhesion and cement solubility under orthodontic bands.
The use of ultrasonic energy to remove excess ZnPO-4 cement from orthodontic bands reduces the solubility of the cement but does not affect band adhesion unless excessive band contact is made. Excessive band contact weakens band-to-tooth adhesion. The solubility of the cement is increased by decreasing the pH and is increased when organic anions capable of binding metal ions are present.
Dental Bonding↗
Cement, asbestos, and cement-asbestos pneumoconioses.
The incidence and characteristics of cement-asbestos pneumoconiosis were compared with those of asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis in three homogeneous samples of cases. The clinical, functional, and radiological features of cement-asbestos pneumoconiosis are similar to those of classical asbestosis, but the observed changes are less common and occur after a longer exposure.
Asbestosis↗