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Results for “Cell viability”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Interrelated effects of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 on cell viability.

Cells are sensitized to the cytolytic effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by simultaneous application of inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis. Treating cells, in the absence of such inhibitors, with cytokine preparations produced by stimulated mononuclear leukocytes may render them resistant to the cytolytic effect of TNF + the inhibitors. One of the cytokines which induces that resistance was identified as TNF itself (17). As shown in the present study, similar resistance against TNF-mediated killing can be effectively induced also with preparations of cytokines which are depleted of TNF. Fractionation of such TNF-free preparations revealed that their resistance-inducing activity is mediated by interleukin 1 (IL 1). In part of the cell lines in which IL 1 induced resistance to TNF killing, when applied without inhibitors of protein/RNA synthesis, it was found to exert cytolytic effect in the presence of such inhibitors, however, less effectively than TNF. Both TNF and IL 1 thus appear to activate in cells cytolytic mechanisms as well as antagonizing mechanisms which can protect cells from cytolysis.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

51Cr-uptake assay. A sensitive and reliable method to quantitate cell viability and cell death.

This report describes a sensitive and reproducible cytotoxicity assay which is ideal for screening toxic compounds or soluble lytic factors from leukocytes. The assay relies on the ability of sodium [51Cr]chromate to be taken up by viable but not dead cells. This assay is the reverse of the conventional 51Cr-release assay. The target cells are 51Cr-labeled after incubation with cytotoxic factors. 51Cr-uptake does not depend on DNA, RNA or protein synthesis and the only parameters which influence its uptake are temperature, viability, number and cell volume.

Azides↗
PubMed1975

Relationship between Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen and cell viability in human cell lines.

The relationship between the cell viability and frequency of cell with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen was investigated in cultures of 4 EBV-carrier lymphoblastoid cell lines, by means of anti-complement immunofluorescence. The percentages of viable cells and those of EB nuclear antigen-positive cells were close to each other in the entire course of cultivation of all cell lines. This leads to a conclusion that absence of EB nuclear antigen in a given cell population should be evaluated in relation to cell viability.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Biphasic effects of chlorpromazine on cell viability in a neuroblastoma cell line.

Although chlorpromazine was shown to greatly inhibit a Ca2+-mediated cell death at favorable concentrations (10(-6)-10(-5) M), it caused a drastic decrease in cell viability at higher concentrations (10(-4)-10(-3) M) in a human neuroblastoma cell line. The toxic effect of chlorpromazine also occurred in Ca2+-free medium and was not parallel to the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances produced. These results indicate that chlorpromazine has biphasic effects on cell viability according to the concentrations added, i.e. a protective effect against cell damage caused by Ca2+, and a direct toxic effect independent of extracellular Ca2+ or of lipid peroxidation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1987

The effect of automobile exhaust particulates on cell viability, plating efficiency and cell division of mammalian tissue culture cells.

Extract of particulate matter (EPM) of gasoline engine exhaust induced only a slight loss of cell viability of mouse macrophages (line IC-21) in vitro, while a strong dose-dependent reduction of plating efficiency of human cell line A-549 and of Syrian hamster line 14-1b occurred. Cytological investigations of exposed macrophages of line IC-21 revealed an increase in the mitotic index from 1.5% of control values up to 14.6% at the highest tested concentration of EPM. Mitotic arrest is based almost exclusively on C-type mitoses occurring dose-dependently in the presence of EPM. Results indicate disturbances of the spindle apparatus in the presence of EPM.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of P22-mediated receptor release and of phage DNA injection on cell viability of Salmonella typhimurium.

Infection with u.v.-inactivated P22 bacteriophage at multiplicities higher than 30 caused a decrease in Salmonella typhimurium viability without cell lysis. Neither the action of the endoglycosidase of the P22 virion on the lipopolysaccharide of S. typhimurium nor the concomitant release of cell wall components was responsible for m.o.i.-dependent cell death. Using both free P22 tails and u.v.-inactivated P22, we have shown that p9 tail protein activity has no effect either on the integrity of host cells or on cell viability. Our results show that cell death is due to the injection of the u.v.-inactivated P22 DNA.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1976

Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. XI. Induction of a specific requirement for cell viability and growth during the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells.

Normal hematopoetic cells require the presence of a protein (MGI) in the appropriate conditioned medium (CM) for cell viability and growth and for differentiation to mature macrophages and granulocytes. Clones of myeloid leukemic cells have been established in culture (D+ clones) which require CM with this protein for differentiation, but not for cell viability and growth. It has been shown that these leukemic cells can be induced by CM to again require, like normal cells, the presence of CM for cell viability and growth. Induction of this requirement, which will be referred to as RVG, occurred before the D+ cells differentiated to mature granulocytes. Clones of myeloid leukemic cells (D- clones) that could not be induced to differentiate to mature cells, did not show the induction of RVG. The steroid hormones prednisolone and dexamethasone can induce some, but not all the changes associated with differentiation of D+ cells, Incubation with these steroids did not result in the induction of a requirement for these steroids for cell growth and viability. Studies with CM from different sources have shown, that all batches that induced RVG also induced differentiation of D+ cells and that both activities were inhibited after treating the CM with trypsin. It is suggested that the same protein (MGI) may be involved in both activities. Incubation of D+ cells with CM resulted in an increase in agglutinability by concanavalin A and this increase was maintained even in the absence of CM. This suggests, that the induction of RVG in D+ myeloid leukemic cells is associated with a change in the cell surface membrane.

Agglutination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photometric recording of cell viability using trypan blue in perfused cell cultures.

A perfusion system was developed to increase the reliability of cell viability estimations by continuous measurement of the uptake of trypan blue dye. Monolayer cell cultures were perfused with buffer containing toxic substances and trypan blue, and the staining of cells was continuously recorded at 591 nm in a spectrophotometer. Using mercuric chloride and methylmercuric chloride as test substances with C6 rat glioma cells, time- and dose-dependent increases in light absorbance were obtained over a 12h recording period. Methylmercuric chloride at 10(-6) M caused a half-maximal increase in relative absorbance in 4.5 h, whereas the corresponding time for mercuric chloride was 10.5 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cell viability studies on the exfoliated colonic cancer cell.

Suspensions of desquamated colonic cancer cells were obtained from patients with cancer of the large bowel by colonic exfoliative cytology and from resected specimens of colonic cancer by an exfoliative technique. In addition, a tumor suspension was obtained from the resected specimens. Cell viability studies were performed on these cell suspensions. Whereas 23 of the 25 tumour homogenate cell suspensions were shown to exclude trypan blue, none of the exfoliated colonic cancer cell suspensions had viable cells. This finding would cast some doubt on the hypothesis that suture line recurrence following large bowel cancer surgery is due to the implantation of cells desquamated from the surface of the growth.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical studies on liver functions in primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats. I. Hormonal effects on cell viability and protein synthesis.

Liver parenchymal cells were isolated from adult rats by digesting liver slices or perfusing liver with collagenase. The cell yields were 1.5 X 10(7) and 1.0 X 10(8) cells/g liver from slices and perfused liver, respectively, and in both cases the cell viabilities and attachment efficiencies were over 90% and 60%, respectively. The cells were viable for more than one week when cultured in Williams medium E with 10% fetal bovine serum, and addition of insulin and dexamethasone enhanced the maintenance of cell viability. Various biochemical functions or freshly isolated cells and cultured cells were compared in this medium. In freshly isolated cells, induction of tyrosine transaminase [EC 2.6.1.5] by dexamethasone was low and none of the hormones examined stimulated protein synthesis; but when the cells had been cultured for a few days, induction of tyrosine transaminase became prominent, and insulin and dexamethasone stimulated protein synthesis and glucagon inhibited their effect. About half the synthesized proteins were secreted into the medium and among these proteins, albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and lipoproteins were identified immunochemically and electrophoretically. It was also shown that the polysomes in freshly isolated cells were almost completely disaggregated, but that in cells after a few days culture they were reaggregated. These results showed that freshly isolated cells have impaired functions, but that after culture for a few days the cells recover various liver functions and thus become more suitable for use in biochemical studies on liver functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiolabeled red cell viability. II. 99mTc and 111In for measuring the viability of heterologous red cells in vivo.

The authors developed a double in vivo crossmatch method using 2 to 3 ml of potential donor blood labeled with either 400 microCi of 99mTc or 30 microCi of 111In-oxine. Data are presented for 19 crossmatches on nine patients, using one blood specimen labeled with 99mTc or two specimens, one labeled with 99mTc and the other with 111In. Normal values are given for standardization purposes. This method appears to have advantages over earlier in vivo crossmatch techniques using 51Cr-labeled RBCs. These advantages include the rapidity with which the in vivo crossmatch may be repeated, the ready availability of 99mTc and 111In-oxine, and the lower radiation absorbed doses with the shorter-lived radionuclides.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1990

Extracellular calcium effects on cell viability and thiol homeostasis.

Studies of chemically induced cell injury and death, which have used as model systems freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatocytes in culture, are discussed. An important model uses the omission of Ca2+ from the medium during rat hepatocyte incubations. Ca2+ omission induces an intense oxidative stress within hepatocytes incubated in a 95% O2 + 5% CO2 atmosphere. The relationship of calcium homeostasis to the parameters of oxidative stress is important to understanding the progression from reversible to irreversible injury. In the Ca2+ omission model, the vitamin E (Vit. E) content of hepatocytes is important for the prevention of cell injury. Recent studies with rat hepatocytes show that ruthenium red (RR) and La3+, which block Ca2+ translocation through the mitochondrial uniport, can prevent malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, reduced glutathione (GSH), and protein-SH loss, Vit. E loss, and LDH leakage induced by Ca2+ omission from the incubation medium. Ca2+ omission promoted a marked loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta phi) that was prevented by RR, EGTA, Vit. E, and desferrioxamine. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ may cause mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling that contributes to the observed oxidative stress, resultant loss of cell viability, and protein thiol homeostasis. Chemical agents including a glutathione-depleting agent, ethacrynic acid, and a redox cycling agent, adriamycin, increase the loss of cell viability caused by a Ca2(+)-free medium, but they have some additional effects on cellular processes. The demise of cell viability by the agent is also preventable by Vit. E supplementation. Ca2+ has a role in cell injury that appears to uniquely involve mitochondrial homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Estimation of cell viability by FCM using rhodamin 123 and propidum iodide--its application in evaluating the effect of anticancer drugs to tumor cells].

Dual parameter analysis of FCM using rhodamine 123 (R 123) and propidium iodide (PI) has made it easy to estimate cell viability. PI stains only dead cells, whereas R 123 accumulates in the mitochondria of living cells which remain unstained by PI. Therefore the combination of R 123 and PI provides a more accurate estimation of cell viability than the conventional methods of dye exclusion. Cell viability has been estimated by this method in HeLa cells treated with adriamycin in vitro. The usefulness of this analysis is suggested for the evaluation of the effect of anticancer drugs on tumor cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

The MTT cell viability assay for cytotoxicity testing in multidrug-resistant human leukemic cells.

The MTT cell viability assay is widely used in determining drug sensitivity profiles for patients with hematological malignancies and in primary screening of potential chemotherapeutic drugs. Because the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is associated with these malignancies, and since many vital dyes are effluxed from MDR expressing cells, we have investigated whether the MDR phenotype interferes with the MTT assay. In CCRF-CEM and K562 human leukemic cell lines and drug-resistant sub-lines developed from them, comparison of the MTT assay with other cell viability assays showed significant variation in IC50 concentrations, although the resistance relative to the sensitive parent cell was correlated. Inclusion of verapamil, an inhibitor of drug efflux activity, had no effect on the MTT assay.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1985

An improved method to determine cell viability by simultaneous staining with fluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide.

A rapid, simultaneous double-staining procedure using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) is described for use in the determination of cell viability in cell suspension. Air-dried slide preparations can be made from the cell suspensions so that an accurate estimate of the viability of the cells in the original suspension can be made up to 1 week later. Viable cells fluoresce bright green, while nonviable cells are bright red. Furthermore, when FDA-PI staining is compared to trypan blue dye exclusion as a method to determine cell viability, FDA-PI is found to be more consistent over prolonged periods of exposure to the dyes. Therefore, double staining with FDA-PI is a rapid, convenient, and reliable method to determine cell viability.

Animals↗