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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Characterization of three new enterococcal species, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E1, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, isolated from human clinical specimens.

As a reference laboratory, the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is frequently asked to confirm the identity of unusual or difficult-to-identify catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci. In order to accomplish the precise identification of these microorganisms, we have systematically applied analysis of whole-cell protein profiles (WCPP) and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in conjunction with conventional physiological tests. Using this approach, we recently focused on the characterization of three strains resembling the physiological groups I (strain SS-1730), II (strain SS-1729), and IV (strain SS-1728) of enterococcal species. Two strains were isolated from human blood, and one was isolated from human brain tissue. The results of physiological testing were not consistent enough to allow confident inclusion of the strains in any of the known enterococcal species. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in one of the strains (SS-1729). Analysis of WCPP showed unique profiles for each strain, which were not similar to the profiles of any previously described Enterococcus species. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing results revealed three new taxa within the genus ENTEROCOCCUS: The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments were consistent with the results of WCPP analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing, since the percentages of homology with all 25 known species of Enterococcus were lower than 70%. Overall, the results indicate that these three strains constitute three new species of Enterococcus identified from human clinical sources, including one that harbors the vanA gene. The isolates were provisionally designated Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC Proposed New Species of Enterococcus 1 (CDC PNS-E1), type strain SS-1728(T) (= ATCC BAA-780(T) = CCUG 47860(T)); Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, type strain SS-1729(T) (= ATCC BAA-781(T) = CCUG 47861(T)); and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, type strain SS-1730(T) (= ATCC BAA-782(T) = CCUG 47862(T)).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1997

Activation of CDC 25 phosphatase and CDC 2 kinase involved in GL331-induced apoptosis.

CDC 25 is a dual phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and, thus, activation of CDC 2 kinase in G2. Abnormal activation of cyclin B-associated CDC 2 kinase has been implicated in apoptosis induced by cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel (Taxol) and etoposide (VP-16). In this study, we found that the CDC 2 kinase could be transiently activated when nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW01 cells were treated for 3 h with a new anticancer agent, GL331. GL331 treatment also induced a concomitant increase in CDC 25A phosphatase activity and a reduced level of Tyr-15-phosphorylated CDC 2 in NPC-TW01 cells. Furthermore, subsequent apoptotic DNA fragmentation induced by GL331 could be interrupted by treatment of the cells with the cyclin B1-specific antisense oligonucleotides, suggesting that abnormal activation of cyclin B1-associated CDC 2 kinase and CDC 25A phosphatase was involved in GL331-induced apoptosis. Raf-1 has been shown to associate with CDC 25A and, thus, to stimulate its phosphatase activity. Our results revealed that GL331 could facilitate the association of CDC 25A with Raf-1, resulting in the cascade of CDC 25A phosphatase activation and CDC 2 kinase activation, as well as related signaling pathways, and ultimately causing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1994

Assignment of human-derived CDC group 1 coryneform bacteria and CDC group 1-like coryneform bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii sp. nov., subsp. nov., and Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus subsp. nov.

Almost the entire 16S rRNA gene sequences of some strains of CDC group 1 and group 1-like coryneform bacteria, isolated from human sources, were determined. Comparative analysis of the rRNA sequence data revealed that both groups of coryneforms belong to the genus Actinomyces. On the basis of the present molecular findings and previous biochemical studies, we propose a new Actinomyces species, Actinomyces neuii sp. nov., containing Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii subsp. nov. for CDC group 1 coryneform bacteria and Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus subsp. nov. for CDC group 1-like coryneform bacteria.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

CDC recommendations for civilian communities near chemical weapons depots: guidelines for medical preparedness--CDC. Publication of final recommendations.

On July 27, 1994, CDC published in the Federal Register, 59 FR 38191, "CDC Recommendations for Civilian Communities Near Chemical Weapons Depots: Guidelines for Medical Preparedness" and requested public comment. Seven people sent comments; many were responding on behalf of governments or other institutions in affected communities. These comments are available upon request. These recommendations incorporate changes made in response to the comments received and constitutes CDC's final recommendations for minimum standards for prehospital and hospital emergency medical services' readiness in communities near the eight locations where the U.S. stockpile of lethal chemical weapons is stored. The eight locations are: Umatilla Army Depot Activity, Oregon; Tooele Army Depot, Utah; Pueblo Army Depot Activity, Colorado; Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas; Newport Army Ammunition Plant, Indiana; Anniston Army Depot, Alabama; Lexington Bluegrass Depot Activity, Kentucky; and Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. These recommendations were prepared to assist emergency planners in determining emergency medical services' readiness in communities near the 8 locations where the U.S. stockpile of lethal chemical weapons is stored. These guidelines should not be used for any purpose other than planning for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1984

Coupling between phosphatidylinositol metabolism and cdc 28 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the possible mechanism of cdc 28 gene action.

It was shown that the decrease in phosphatidylinositol (PI) content in cdc 28 G1-cells was due to a defect in inositol transport. This decrease in inositol transport was linked to microtubular function which was evident by the effect of a microtubular disrupting agent (colcemid) on inositol transport in stationary phase A364A cells. The involvement of PI in yeast G1 phase was further substantiated by the observation that o-phenanthroline, which blocks yeast cells in G1 phase, could inhibit inositol transport and PI levels as well. It is proposed that the regulation of PI metabolism is mediated by the gene cdc 28 and that microtubules may play a major role in the mechanism of action of this gene product.

Demecolcine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infections with Chryseomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Flavimonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2) in neurosurgical patients.

During a 20-month period at Temple University Hospital, three cases of infection with bacteria of the Ve group--Chryseomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Flavimonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2)--were seen in neurosurgical patients. Two of the patients, including one with what is thought to be the first reported case of meningitis due to C. luteola, had complications caused by prosthetic material. A review of the literature revealed 14 well-described cases of infection with C. luteola or F. oryzihabitans, the majority of which were cases of bacteremia or peritonitis in patients undergoing dialysis. The presence of foreign material and the use of corticosteroids may predispose to and influence the course of disease. As prosthetic material becomes even more widely used, the incidence of infection with bacteria of the Ve group will likely increase and the manifestations of the infections will probably become more varied.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative infant septicemia caused by Pseudomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2).

Pseudomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2) were both isolated from the same blood culture of a 5-month-old infant, 8 days after open-heart surgery. He quickly responded to appropriate antibiotics. Carbon substrate assimilation tests and fatty acid analysis clearly differentiated these two rarely pathogenic organisms.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

A new cdc gene required for S phase entry of Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a protein similar to the cdc 10+ and SWI4 gene products.

We have isolated a new cell division cycle gene (res1+) required for entry into S phase, as a multicopy dual suppressor of the pat1 and cdc10 mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The res1+ gene specifies a 72 kDa protein with two copies of the cdc10/SWI6 motif. A disruptant of res1+ grows poorly at 30 degrees C with severe heat- and cold-sensitivities, and completely arrests in G1 at 36 degrees C and 23 degrees C. The arrested disruptant retains a full conjugation ability. In addition to the cdc10/SWI6 motif, Res1 and SWI4 proteins share a remarkable homology in their amino-terminal region, whereas Cdc10 and SWI6 do so in their carboxy-terminal region. Moreover, the amino-terminal region is essential for the function of Res1 as it is for the function of SWI4. Furthermore, analogous to the relationship of SWI4 to SWI6, the res1+ gene effectively rescues cdc10 mutants, but the cdc10+ gene cannot rescue the res1- phenotype. Thus, striking similarities exist in both structural and functional relationships between Res1 and SWI4, and between Cdc10 and SWI6. In view of the fact that SWI4 and SWI6 form a transcription factor complex and activate promoters containing the SWI4/SWI6 dependent cell-cycle box, Res1 might be a putative association partner of Cdc10 which appears to be involved at least in the activation of promoters containing a MluI cell-cycle box.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Observations from the CDC: CDC's Screen for Life: a National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite the availability of several different screening tests for colorectal cancer, screening rates remain low. To raise awareness about colorectal cancer and encourage men and women aged 50 and older to speak with their physicians about being screened for colorectal cancer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Health Care Financing Administration launched Screen for Life: A National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign in 1999. The purpose of this paper is to outline the development of this multiyear, multimedia campaign, from conducting formative research to developing campaign messages and materials. Limited process evaluation results are presented.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1995

Infections with Chryseomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and flavimonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2).

We have described 15 cases of infection due to Chryseomonas luteola and Flavimonas oryzihabitans isolated between May 1990 and May 1994. These infections were often associated with the presence of a foreign body, especially central venous access and joint prosthesis. The high frequency of isolating C. luteola and F. oryzihabitans probably expresses the awareness of the clinicians and the laboratory to the importance of these bacteria, especially in patients with the presence of a foreign material.

Abscess↗
PubMed2006

Psychometric properties of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health-Related Quality of Life (CDC HRQOL) items in adults with arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is important in arthritis and the SF-36v2 is the current state-of-the-art. It is only emerging how well the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HRQOL measures HRQOL for people with arthritis. This study's purpose is to assess the psychometric properties of the 9-item CDC HRQOL (4-item Healthy Days Core Module and 5-item Healthy Days Symptoms Module) in an arthritis sample using the SF-36v2 as a comparison. METHODS: In Fall 2002, a cross-sectional study acquired survey data including the CDC HRQOL and SF-36v2 from 2 North Carolina populations of adult patients reporting osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia; 2182 (52%) responded. The first item of both the CDC HRQOL and the SF-36v2 was general health (GEN). All 8 other CDC HRQOL items ask for the number of days in the past 30 days that respondents experienced various aspects of HRQOL. Exploratory principal components analyses (PCA) were conducted on each sample and the combined samples of the CDC HRQOL. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) was used to compute correlations between each trait (physical health and mental health) and between each method of measurement (CDC HRQOL and SF36v2). The relative contribution of the CDC HRQOL in predicting the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) was determined by regressing the CDC HRQOL items on the PCS and MCS scales. RESULTS: All 9 CDC HRQOL items loaded primarily onto 1 factor (explaining 57% of the item variance) representing a reasonable solution for capturing overall HRQOL. After rotation a 2 factor interpretation for the 9 items was clear, with 4 items capturing physical health (physical, activity, pain, and energy days) and 3 items capturing mental health (mental, depression, and anxiety days). All of the loadings for these two factors were greater than 0.70. The CDC HRQOL physical health factor correlated with PCS (r = -.78, p < 0.0001) and the mental health factor correlated with MCS (r = -.71, p < 0.0001). The relative contribution of the CDC HRQOL in predicting PCS was 73% (R2 = .73) when GEN was included in the CDC HRQOL score and 65% (R2 = .65) when GEN was removed. The relative contribution of the CDC HRQOL in predicting MCS was 56% (R2 = .56) when GEN was included and removed. CONCLUSION: The CDC HRQOL appears to have strong psychometric properties in individuals with arthritis in both community-based and subspecialty clinical settings. The 9 item CDC HRQOL is a reasonable measure for overall HRQOL and the two subscales, representing physical and mental health, are reasonable when the goal is to examine those aspects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A probe into nuclear events during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: studies of folded chromosomes in cdc mutants which arrest in G1.

The sedimentation behavior of folded chromosomes from cell-division-cycle (cdc) mutants which arrest in G1 was examined. At the restrictive temperature the folded genome of cdc 7, which arrests after spindle pole body (SPB) separation and spindle formation, cosediments with a standard g1 structure, indicating that by the cdc 7 step the g1 form of the folded genome has been assembled. In the mutant, cdc 4, which arrests before SPB separation but after SPB duplication, a standard g1 structure is not formed. cdc 4 cells, however, are able to enter G0 at the restrictive temperature, and the corresponding go structure is stable. These results indicate that the cdc 4 gene product may be involved in the development of folded genome conformation which leads to the g1 structure. Since the cdc 4 gene product is required for SPB separation, the g1 structure may be defined by an association between chromosomes and spindle components. The folded chromosomes of the "start" mutants cdc 25 and cdc 28 are unstable at the restrictive temperature. In contrast to cdc 4, neither cdc 25 nor cdc 28 are able to enter the G0 stage in a normal manner, i.e., the g0 structure is unstable at the restrictive temperature. The inference is that both the cdc 25 and cdc 28 gene products are required for the functional integrity of the folded genome at both a stage early in G1 and in the pathway to G0.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current CDC efforts to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS in the United States through information and education.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is estimated to have infected more than a million people in the United States and millions more in other countries. Even though there is no vaccine or effective treatment, HIV infection can be prevented through behavioral change. As the lead Public Health Service Agency for disease prevention, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has designed and implemented information and education activities with the ultimate goal of preventing HIV infection and AIDS in the United States. The target populations include the general public, school- and college-aged populations, persons infected or at increased risk of infection, minorities, and health workers. Because AIDS will be with us for a long time, CDC views educating the public as a long-term undertaking. The agency has initiated an intensive continuing national public information campaign, an informational brochure to be distributed to every U.S. household, a national AIDS information toll-free hotline, and a clearinghouse system that will maintain a comprehensive inventory of AIDS information resources and services. CDC also supports public information and education efforts by State and local health agencies. To reach school- and college-age youth, CDC, in consultation with governmental and national private sector organizations, developed guidelines for effective school health education to assist school health personnel in determining the scope and content of AIDS education. CDC also works with State and local education agencies to help carry out and evaluate educational efforts to prevent the spread of HIV among school- and college-age youth. The populations with the highest priority for AIDS information and education efforts are those who are at increased risk of acquiring or transmitting the AIDS virus because they use illicit intravenous drugs and share needles, engage in anal intercourse, have many sexual partners, practice prostitution, or engage in sex with those who practice these behaviors. Another high-priority population, because they can infect their offspring,is reproductive age women engaging in high-risk behavior and women infected with HIV who become pregnant. CDC programs targeted to these groups include community health education and risk reduction interventions, counseling and testing for HIV infection, AIDS community demonstration projects, perinatal AIDS prevention projects,and programs focused on preventing AIDS in minority populations. CDC is developing a variety of educational approaches for health workers in clinical settings because they are an important channel for providing accurate AIDS information, helping to assess risk, and counseling to actively reduce risk for the patient, sex partners of the patient, friends, and family members of the patient. CDC has conducted research and provided information and training on the use of HIV laboratory tests. CDC has also developed numerous scientific and technical guidelines and recommendations in consultation with practitioners, public health officials, and others and disseminated these through the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In addition,CDC has provided information about the risk of HIV transmission in the workplace and about methods of prevention. CDC will continue to evaluate these activities and support research in education and related interventions that may be necessary to prevent infection by the HIV virus. By providing educational support for behavior changes that decrease HIV transmission, we can contribute to AIDS prevention in the 1990s.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Cellular fatty acid composition and phenotypic and cultural characterization of CDC fermentative coryneform groups 3 and 5.

Seventy strains of fermentative, asporogenous, gram-positive coccobacilli or short rods form two closely related groups which have been designated CDC fermentative coryneform groups 3 (32 strains, xylose fermenters) and 5 (38 strains, xylose nonfermenters). The two taxa are otherwise similar to each other phenotypically and culturally and by a distinctive Staphylococcus-like odor and by cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition. CDC group 3 and CDC group 5 strains have been isolated from clinical sources (blood, abscesses, and wounds but not urine or respiratory specimens) in Canada and the United States and among referrals from Belgium, Sweden, and Spain. Coryneform CDC group 3 strains were phenotypically similar to CDC coryneform group A-3 but were distinguishable by their inability to reduce nitrate and by their lack of motility. Coryneform CDC group 5 isolates were phenotypically somewhat similar to Actinomyces viscosus and Rothia dentocariosa, except that none of this group reduced nitrate. Both CDC groups could be differentiated from these similar bacteria by the ability to decarboxylate lysine and ornithine. The CFA compositions of CDC group 3 and 5 strains were similar to each other, were distinctive from those of other coryneforms, and were of the branched-chain type. API CORYNE codes were consistent for both CDC group 3 and CDC group 5 bacteria, suggesting that this method could be useful as an identification method.

Actinomycetales↗