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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Follow-up 15 years after a geronto-psychiatric prevalence study. Conditions concerning death, cause of death, and life expectancy in relation to psychiatric diagnosis.

In relation to a follow-up 15 years after a geronto-psychiatric prevalence investigation of the population aged 65+ in a rural population, analysis has been made of the type of death certificate, residence at time of death, place of death, cause of death and life-expectancy in relation to psychiatric diagnoses prevalent in 1961.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[The color of death: causes of death according to race in the State of Sao Paulo, 1999 to 2001].

OBJECTIVE: Assuming that ethnicity might be a basis for social differentiation and that such differences might represent vulnerability to sickness, this study attempts to verify whether race or ethnic origin have an effect on mortality patterns. METHODS: The Sao Paulo State death register was examined from 1999 to 2001 in a contingence table of causes according to the 10th ICD and race or skin-color categories (White, Black, Mulatto and others). Chi-square test was used to check the association between skin-color and cause of death; residual analysis was used to elicit statistically significant excessive occurrences when each category of cause of death and skin color was combined; and correspondence analysis was used to examine overall relations among all categories considered. RESULTS: A total of 647,321 valid death registers were analyzed, among which 77.7% were of Whites, 5.4% of Blacks, 14.3% of Mulattoes and 2.6% of others. A significant association between skin color or race and cause of death was found. It may be observed that, although Blacks and Mulattoes present a similar death profile, on the contrary of Whites and others, which could be aggregated into a single category, the former appear in distinct positions on the multidimensional map presented. Except for mal defined causes, which characterize only the deaths of Blacks, the other causes of death within this group are common to both Blacks and Mulattoes, varying however, in intensity and as to the order in which they appear death. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of mortality according to race or color revealed that death has a color. There is a White death, which has, among its causes, sicknesses, which, although variable, are nothing more than sicknesses. There's a Black death, which is not caused by sicknesses but by external causes, complications in labor and delivery, mental disorders and ill-defined causes.

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

Increase in deaths caused by HIV infection due to changes in rules for selecting underlying cause of death.

With implementation of the (ICD-10), for U.S. vital statistics in 1999, the criteria for selecting HIV infection as the underlying cause of death were expanded. To estimate the effect of ICD-10 rules on the number of deaths attributed to HIV infection, we applied a simplified version of ICD-10 rules to data on causes of death from all U.S. death certificates for 1998 (previously classified by rules of the 9th revision of ICD [ICD-9]) and calculated the resulting increase in deaths for which HIV infection was selected as the underlying cause. Of the 17,186 deaths in 1998 with any mention of HIV infection on the death certificate, ICD-10 rules selected HIV infection as the underlying cause for 15,145, which was 1,719 (13%) more than the 13,426 for which it had been selected by ICD-9 rules. The proportional increase differed by demographic group, being less among non-Hispanic blacks (9%) and Hispanics (13%) than among non-Hispanic whites (18%). Thus, comparison of deaths attributed to HIV infection in 1999 or later with those in 1998 or earlier should take into account the changes in ICD rules for selecting the underlying cause of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Deaths caused by bedrails.

OBJECTIVES: To determine how bedrails cause death in order to suggest clinical and ergonomic changes to prevent such deaths and to promote research to improve the use and design of bed systems. DESIGN: A review of reports of adult deaths and injuries from bedrails contained in the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission Death Certificate File and its Reported Incidents File and its National Injury Information Clearinghouse Accident Investigations from 1993 to 1996. Deaths involving the use of vest restraints were excluded. We reconstructed, reenacted, and have graphically depicted major patterns of deaths. A review of the literature to 1966 was also done. RESULTS: The 74 deaths described are categorized into three types: (1) 70% were entrapments between the mattress and a rail so that the face was pressed against the mattress, (2) 18% were entrapment and compression of the neck within the rails, and (3) 12% were deaths caused by being trapped by the rails after sliding partially off the bed and having the neck flexed or the chest compressed. CONCLUSIONS: Deaths from bedrails are underrecognized and preventable clinical events that can occur in any medical setting. Preventing these events will require a unified redesign of the relationships between rails, mattresses, and beds, which are now often assembled and used as separate products. Clinicians can prevent many of these deaths by using bedrails much more judiciously, confirming the proper relationships between beds, rails and mattresses, and using alarms.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta activity is critical for neuronal death caused by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Akt but not for death caused by nerve growth factor withdrawal.

Numerous studies reveal that phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and Akt protein kinase are important mediators of cell survival. However, the survival-promoting mechanisms downstream of these enzymes remain uncharacterized. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta), which is inhibited upon phosphorylation by Akt, was recently shown to function during cell death induced by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. In this study, we tested whether GSK-3 beta is critical for the death of sympathetic neurons caused by the withdrawal of their physiological survival factor, the nerve growth factor (NGF). Stimulation with NGF resulted in PI 3-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta and inhibition of its protein kinase activity, indicating that GSK-3 beta is targeted by PI 3-kinase/Akt in these neurons. Expression of the GSK-3 beta inhibitor Frat1, but not a mutant Frat1 protein that does not bind GSK-3 beta, rescued neurons from death caused by inhibiting PI 3-kinase. Similarly, expression of Frat1 or kinase-deficient GSK-3 beta reduced death caused by inhibiting Akt. In NGF-maintained neurons, overexpression of GSK-3 beta caused a small but significant decrease in survival. However, expression of neither Frat1, kinase-deficient GSK-3 beta, nor GSK-3-binding protein inhibited NGF withdrawal-induced death. Thus, although GSK-3 beta function is required for death caused by inactivation of PI 3-kinase and Akt, neuronal death caused by NGF withdrawal can proceed through GSK-3 beta-independent pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) as a cause of fatal stroke and all cause death.

BACKGROUND: Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) has been found to be a clinical risk factor for stroke in patients with non rheumatic atrial fibrillation. AIMS: To study CCF as a risk factor for stroke deaths and all cause deaths in coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Case control study from a single cardiologist's practice: 370 deaths, 32 (9%) from stroke; controls of 160 and 370 consecutive patients for stroke deaths and all cause deaths respectively. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression. RESULTS: A--Stroke deaths. Positive associations for CHD with CCF, hypertension; negative association for CHD without CCF. Patients with CHD and CCF were 7.4 times as likely to die from stroke as patients with CHD without CCF. B--All cause deaths. Positive associations for CHD or cardiomyopathy with CCF, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and hypertension; negative association for CHD without CCF. Patients with CHD and CCF were 6.1 times as likely to die from all causes as patients with CHD without CCF. CONCLUSIONS: Many stroke deaths in patients with CHD and CCF may be cardioembolic in origin. A randomised controlled trial in such patients is indicated to see if anticoagulants can reduce the incidence of stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Exfoliative glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma: associations with death causes and comorbidity.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether type of glaucoma or use of acetazolamide are associated with main cause of death and comorbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survival data, including date and cause of death, for 1147 patients with capsular or simple glaucoma who were ultimately hospitalized at the Eye Department, National Hospital, Oslo, between 1961 and 1970, were analysed. Binary logistic regression was carried out to investigate the patterns of death causes and comorbidity in subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Patients with exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) and those with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) showed no significant differences in rates of death caused by acute cerebrovascular diseases, cardiac diseases and cancer. Interestingly, we found that chronic cerebral diseases such as senile dementia, cerebral atrophy and chronic cerebral ischaemia (n = 81) were more common in patients with XFG than in those with POAG (p = 0.01) and in the group of acetazolamide users (p = 0.03). Patients with XFG had a higher probability of developing an acute cerebrovascular disease than patients with POAG (n = 228, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, we found that comorbidity with acute cerebrovascular disease and chronic cerebral diseases (senile dementia, cerebral atrophy and chronic cerebral ischaemia) were more common in patients with XFG than in patients with POAG. Prospective data are needed in order to conclude upon the associations found in this study.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the secular changes of the concentration of death causes.

In this paper, the authors introduce several kinds of measuring numbers for the analysis of changes in the causes of death. Under certain conditions, the so called diversity indices are good for this purpose. The authors discuss the results of their concrete studies on the basis of the patterns of tables of events made up according to age groups and types of indices. Comparing the-causes of death of the US for 1968 and 1975 death statistics, there is a tendency for secular increase in the latter. This can be observed in the majority of the important disease sections, thus it is of a divided character. The age group characteristics of the secular change in concentration can also be seen in the diagrams published. The described diagrams offer an opportunity for more detailed study of the changes in the causes of death from a human, biological point of view.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Activation of protein phosphatase-2A1 by HIV-1 Vpr cell death causing peptide in intact CD(4+) T cells and in vitro.

HIV-1, the etiologic agent of human AIDS, causes cell death in host and non-host cells via HIV-1 Vpr, one of its auxiliary gene product. HIV-1 Vpr can also cause cell cycle arrest in several cell types. The cellular processes that link HIV-1 Vpr to the cell death machinery are not well characterized. Here, we show that the C terminal portion of HIV-1 Vpr which encompasses amino acid residues 71-96 (HIV-1 Vpr(71-96)), also termed HIV-1 Vpr cell death causing peptide, is an activator of protein phosphatase-2A(1) when applied extracellularly to CD(4+) T cells. HIV-1 Vpr(71-96) is a direct activator of protein phosphatase-2A(1) that has been purified from CD(4+) T cells. Full length HIV-1 Vpr by itself does not cause the activation of protein phosphatase-2A(1) in vitro. HIV-1 Vpr(71-96) also causes the activation of protein phosphatase-2A(0) and protein phosphatase-2A(1) from brain, liver, and adipose tissues. These results indicate that HIV-1 can cause cell death of infected cells and non-infected host and non-host cells via HIV-1 Vpr derived C terminal peptide(s) which act(s) by cell penetration and targeting of a key controller of the cell death machinery, namely, protein phosphatase-2A(1). The activation of other members of the protein phosphatase-2A subfamily of enzymes which are involved in the control of several metabolic pathways in brain, liver, and adipose tissues by HIV-1 Vpr derived C terminal peptide(s) may underlie various metabolic disturbances that are associated with HIV-1 infection.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2006

[Trend of death cause of residents in Changde from 1973 to 2002].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the cause of death for residents in Changde and guarantee the evidence for the health decision-making and control of diseases by the use of YPLL analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the dynamic cause of death of residents in Changde from 1973 to 2002. METHODS: The data is processed by the use of SPSS software package (version 11.0) and EXCEL software (version 2000) with the statistic methods of Cause Eliminated Life Table, Life Table, YPLL and etc. RESULTS: The average population reached 5384519 and the average gender proportion of male and female is 1.12 to 1 in Changed during 1973-2002. Since 1973, total population has risen from 483 to 596 at average annual rate of 7.89% while the birthrate has decreased from 53.78% in 1973 to 8.39% in 2002. The composition of population in Changde experienced great shift in the past 30 years. The proportion of children (0 - 14) in 2002 declined by 16.15% compared with that in 1973 and the proportion of elder people has increased by 2.88% compared with that in 1973. The proportion of gender has ranged little by 1973-2002 although that of neonatal has ranged greatly. CONCLUSION: The total death number of Changde in 2002 reached 1103233 and the mortality rate has sustained decline since 1973. The top 5 causes of death were diseases of respiratory system, circular system, damnification & poisoning, contagion & schistosomiasis, tumor and etc in 2002 and shifted a lot compared with that in 1973. The average life expectancy of residents in Changde was 67.6 from 1973 to 2002. The average life expectancy of males and females increased 12.63 and 11.93 years in 2002 compared with those in 1972. In the past 30 years, the diseases of respiratory system has greatly influenced the life span of residents in Changde.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

[Analysis of death causes of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the causes of death in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients. The prognostic risk factors were also discussed. METHODS: One thousand one hundred and thirty GTN patients were hospitalized and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1985 to 2004. Sixty-four of them died later and retrospective analyses were carried out on these patients. RESULTS: Fifty-eight out of the 64 patients died during initial treatment. The other six died from disease relapse and progression of the disease (PD). The major causes of death were multi-organ failure, intracranial haemorrhage, cerebral herniation, side-effects of chemotherapy, and PD after relapse. The result of multivariate analysis indicated the adverse prognostic factors included the interval between antecedent pregnancy and chemotherapy treatment (OR = 2.857, P < 0.01), the titer of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG, P < 0.05), the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma (OR = 3.635, P < 0.05), clinical stage (P < 0.05), multiple metastases (OR = 2.201, P < 0.01) and drug resistance (OR = 0.181, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A proper evaluation of a GTN patient before initial treatment is important. More attention should be paid to the death-related prognostic risk factors to improve the prognosis of high risk GTN patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Statistics of mortality in 1994 and predictions of death caused by cancer 1997].

The latest mortality statistics available in France, for 1994, are presented and show that the first cause of death was cardiovascular disease (32%) followed by cancer (27%). Previsional estimations for 1997 reveal that in men, there will be an expected 85,000 deaths from cancer, the first cause of mortality in men, the first three localizations being lung cancer (24%), prostate cancer (11%) and colorectal cancer (10%). In women, there will be an estimated 55,000 deaths due to cardiovascular disease, the primary cause of mortality. Breast cancer is expected to be the number one cause of death by cancer (20%) followed by colorectal cancer (14%) and lung cancer (7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the explanation of the changes in age of the concentration of the death causes.

The high concentration of the diagnoses among the categories of death causes is called the concentration of death causes. The idea of diversity used in statistical ecology is in a sense a contrary concept. Introducing the investigation of diversity indices on epidemiological material, we have shown sexual differences and age characteristics of the latter. In the course of the investigations, there was an opportunity to measure exactly and analyse the high increase of the concentration of death causes at an older age. In this paper we related the changes due to age to the structure of the set of specific death rates and to that of hazard functions. According to our fitting investigations, the majority of the elements of the set of curves could be well approximated by the Gompertz or by the Weibull function. In this case, a mathematical explanation can be given to the increase, then decrease of Hill's diversity indices, that is, to the decrease, than increase of the concentration of death causes. Finally we point briefly to the evolutionary aspects of the discussed changes with age of this concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Deaths caused by lightning.

Though a rare cause of death, lightning is reported to be responsible for more fatalities each year in this country than any other type of natural disaster. Lightning injuries differ significantly from other high voltage electrical injuries because of the high current flow, but extremely short duration, of the lightning stroke. We present a series of cases over the period of 1985 to 1991 in Cook County, Illinois in which lightning was the direct cause of death. Our discussion reviews the nature of lightning, the effects it may have on humans, and the ways in which deaths due to lightning might be prevented.

Adolescent↗