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Results for “Catholicism”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

"El duende" and other incubi. Suggestive interactions between culture, the devil, and the brain.

The belief in persecution or possession by evil sprits is still popular in Latin American countries. Observations were made on 12 Columbian families who were haunted by 'el duende' (a special kind of imp, goblin, or poltergeist) and other spirits. Interviews elicited a detailed account of events, a demographic and socioeconomic description ofthe families, exploration of the psyhosocial antecedents, and a psychiatric evaluation of individual members of the group regared as key persons. Possible psychodynamic mechanisms are involved in the production of the phenomenon and factors in the successful 'therapeutic'interventions of spiritualist rather than psychiatric or religious healers. The interaction of culture , folk belief, and the brain impaired by lesion or faulty learning appears as the important accountable dimension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Brain death--an opposing viewpoint.

Recent and proposed legislation to establish "brain-related" criteria of death has uniformly confounded irreversible cessation of total brain function with the death of the human person. Much of the confusion comes from widespread misunderstanding of how the word "death" is used and what it means. Cessation of total brain function, whether irreversible or not, is not necessarily linked to total destruction of the brain or to the death of the person. Further, to take vital organs or to otherwise treat people as though they were dead already on the basis of these recent criteria is morally unacceptable to most Orthodox Jews and Christians.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Clinical assessment of a profession: Roman Catholic clergymen.

The present study investigated the personality of the American Catholic priest by means of clinical procedures. It is based on a national, randomly selected, representative sample. Recorded 2-hour clinical interview plus a battery of standardized as well as specially designed psychological tests were administered to 271 Ss. A clinical report was written for each priest based on all the interview data. Four categories or types of classification were devised to describe and to distinguish the priests along a continuum of soci-psychological development: maldeveloped (8%), underdeveloped (57%), developing (29%), and developed (6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatric patients' religon and MMPI responses.

The relationship between psychiatric patients' psychological test responses and their religion has been overlooked in the past. MMPI protocols were obtained from samples of 18 Roman Catholic schizophrenic, 18 Protestant drug-dependent male patients. The profiles reflected significant religion related differences in scales L, HY, D; MF, PA and SC. The results suggest that the religion of the psychiatric patient is a potentially important S variable that could influence the psychiatric diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The Seeking of Noetic Goals Test (SONG): a complementary scale to the Purpose in Life Test (PIL).

A new attitude scale to measure the strength of motivation to find meaning in life is herein developed to complement the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), which measures the degree to which meaning has been found. Both instruments were designed from the orientation of Frankl's logotherapy, which holds the "will to meaning" to be the strongest human motivation. Ss were: Group 1 "abnormal," 128 logotherapy patients, 20 methadone patients, 262 alcoholics; Group 2 "normal," 19 seminary students, 64 mixed college students, 123 female college freshmen. (Subgroup fractionations were studied independently.) Results support a predicted moderate negative correlation with the PIL and statistically significant construct validity in separating normal from abnormal populations. PIL-SONG combinations in the prediction of therapeutic outcome support the usefulness of the SONG as a supplementary instrument. The predicted differences are small, but in the expected direction.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Sexual behavior and attitudes of university students in Northern Ireland.

Two surveys of a Northern Ireland student sample were conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 419 female and 201 male subjects completed self-administered anonymous questionnaires concerning their behavior, knowledge, and attitudes towards sex, AIDS, homosexuality, contraception, and relationships. Results indicated a relatively low level of sexual experience, and for those with experience, relatively few partners. The possible influences of gender and religiosity on sexual behavior and attitudes, in the context of Northern Ireland, are discussed. Subjects reported considerable variation in the amount of sex education, but the majority received little or none. This student sample held relatively conservative attitudes towards love, sex, and marriage and this was particularly true for females and for regular churchgoers. In addition, attitudes towards homosexuality were negative (particularly among regular churchgoers). Attitudes towards contraception were more positive than expected among Catholic subjects, and few indicated that they would refuse to use contraceptives on principle. Responses to items about AIDS were highly uniform, suggesting that much of the information made available to the public has been absorbed. However, the lack of uniformity of response to more general items about sex, relationships, and contraception may indicate that fundamental changes in sexual behavior are unlikely to be brought about by influencing a rather narrowly defined set of attitudes about AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Sterilization and contraceptive services in Catholic hospitals.

Sterilization and contraceptive practices in United States Catholic hospitals were surveyed by anonymous mail questionnaires, obtaining a 57% response rate (340 of 598). Twenty per cent of the hospitals permitted medically indicated sterilization operations. Forty-seven per cent of those hospitals not allowing sterilization procedures reported that their medical staffs were interested in performing medically indicated sterilizations. The types of contraceptive services offered varied widely. The rhythm method was most frequently available, with oral contraceptives in second place; many hospitals did not provide any family-planning services; 13% utilized all types of contraception. The thesis is advanced that improvement in availability of sterilization and contraceptive services is a duty of hospital medical staffs.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1992

Abortion.

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Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1992

Contemporary health care and the colonial and neo-colonial experience: the case of the Dominican Republic.

This article traces the development of health care policies in the Dominican Republic from their colonial and neo-colonial roots to contemporary times. The Dominican case exemplifies the unique historical processes by which its health policies were created and maintained, and simultaneously, reflects the political and historical forces that shape the Caribbean as a whole.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1992

Attitude towards alcohol, church attendance and denominational identity.

This paper describes the development of a 16-item Likert scale of attitude towards alcohol. Data derived from 315 individuals, concerned with various forms of youth work in England, demonstrate that both denominational affiliation and frequency of church attendance are significant determinants of attitudes towards alcohol. Membership of the Free Churches and frequent church attendance are associated with less liberal attitudes. These conclusions are discussed against the background of previous discrepant findings relating religiosity with alcohol use and abuse and contemporary sociological theories regarding the compartmentalisation of religious beliefs.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assisted suicide: an evaluation.

Physician-assisted suicide is a form of euthanasia. As such, it is contrary to one's ethical responsibility to self, community, and God. Religious tradition, medical tradition, and modern psychology attest that physician-assisted suicide does not solve any human problem.

Catholicism↗