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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and main trunk of the external carotid artery associated with multiple cerebral aneurysms: case report].

A case of agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and main trunk of external carotid artery with multiple cerebral aneurysms is presented. No similar case has been reported before. A 70-year-old man who had severe headache was admitted to the neurological department of Matsuyama Shimin Hospital. On admission he demonstrated nuchal rigidity and motor aphasia. CT scan revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracerebral hematoma in the left temporal area. Right common carotid angiography, bilateral retrograde brachial angiography and aortography demonstrated an agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and main trunk of external carotid artery with aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery, left middle cerebral artery and basilar tip. And these revealed that the left middle cerebral artery was fed from the basilar artery via the dilated left posterior communicating artery, and the left ophthalmic artery was originated from the left middle cerebral artery. CT of the base of the skull revealed no carotid canal on the left side. We confirmed these findings by operation. The importance of altered hemodynamic forces on the circle of Willis produced by the agenesis of the internal carotid artery and the embryological considerations are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, and main trunk of the external carotid artery associated with multiple cerebral aneurysms.

A case of agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, and the main trunk of the external carotid artery with multiple cerebral aneurysms is presented. This case was diagnosed by angiography and computed tomography scanning and confirmed by operation. Correlation between the anomaly of the circle of Willis based on the absence of the internal carotid artery and the development of cerebral aneurysm is discussed on the basis of the reported cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Sympathetic postganglionic innervation of external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and aorta in the dog--experimental study using HRP and WGA-HRP].

The sympathetic postganglionic innervation of the external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery (CCA) and aorta was studied by using retrograde axonal transport of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and wheat germ agglutinin-HRP conjugates (WGA-HRP). When the powder of HRP was applied to the sheaths of internal and external carotid arteries, labeled cells were found only in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion (SCG). After injection of WGA-HRP into the walls of the (1) distal, (2) middle, and (3) proximal parts of the CCA, labeled cells were observed in the following ganglia, respectively; (1) the SCG and middle cervical ganglion (MCG), (2) the SCG, MCG and stellate ganglion (SG), and (3) the MCG and SG. These labeled cells were seen in these ganglia of both sides, but they were more marked ipsilaterally. Following injections of WGA-HRP into the walls of ascending and descending aortae, labeled cells were found in the bilateral MCG and SG. These results suggest that the vasodilation of the head and neck after stellate ganglion block using local anesthetic agents is caused by neuronal block of preganglionic sympathetic fibers passing through the stellate ganglion and terminating in the superior cervical ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Internal carotid artery patency following common carotid artery occlusion: management of the asymptomatic patient.

Rarely, internal carotid artery (ICA) patency is maintained above a common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) through collateral flow of the ipsilateral external carotid artery or an aberrant ICA branch. Several small series report excellent results of ICA revascularization in relieving cerebral ischemic symptoms in these patients. The natural history of CCAO with patent ICA in the asymptomatic patient, however, is unknown. The Greenville Memorial Hospital Vascular Teaching Service registry and all carotid duplex scans done in the Greenville Hospital System vascular laboratory from January 1994 through December 1997 were reviewed. Data collection included chart review, phone interviews, and the review of angiograms and duplex scans. This study suggests that carotid duplex is more sensitive for detecting ICA flow after CCAO than routine contrast angiography. It also suggests that while rare in presentation, asymptomatic patients with CCAO and a patent ICA appear to have a benign neurologic course and can probably be observed without a high risk of stroke.

Carotid Artery, Common↗
PubMed2006

Coronary artery calcification, common carotid artery intima-media thickness and aortic pulse wave velocity in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

An increasing body of evidence suggests that atherosclerosis in patients with uremia differs from that found in general population in terms of advancement and localization of vascular lesions. It has also been suggested that different non-invasive techniques of vascular system evaluation are designed to show different types of lesions (i.e. vascular calcification, stiffness or 'classical' atherosclerosis). The aim of the study was to search for possible associations between results obtained with three different non-invasive methods of vascular system assessment in three different vascular sites in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). 61 patients (28 F, 33 M), mean age of 50.4+/-13.6 years, on maintenance PD for a median period of 10 months (range 1-96 months) were included. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 21 subjects. In all subjects coronary artery calcification score (CaSc) using multi-row spiral computed tomography (MSCT), aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV) and ultrasound-based common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) were performed as methods for assessing coronary calcium burden, arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, respectively. Median value of CaSc equaled 11.5 Agatston units (range 0-5502.8 units). Median AoPWV was 10.4 m/s (range 7.56-18.1 m/s), and median CCA-IMT-0.6 mm (range 0.3-1.0 mm). In 16 patients (26.2%) at least one plaque in at least one common carotid artery was found on ultrasound. CaSc correlated with AoPWV (R=0.32, p<0.01) and with CCA-IMT (R=0.35, p<0.005), whereas no association was found between AoPWV and CCA-IMT. AoPWV, but not CaSc nor IMT correlated with blood pressure. The values of CCA-IMT and AoPWV increased together with consecutive Agatston categories (with p<0.001 for differences in AoPWV and p<0.05 for CCA-IMT). Patients with at least one plaque found in at least one CCA and patients with CAD were characterized with significantly higher values of CaSc, IMT and PWV, when compared to plaque-free and CAD- negative subjects, respectively. Association between CaSc and both IMT and PWV may suggest that the mechanism of three assessed vascular pathologies may be based, to some extent, on the process of pathologic calcium-phosphate deposition. Lack of correlation found between PWV and IMT may suggest that aortic stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis may partially differ in their pathologic background and/or are dissociated in time.

Aorta↗
PubMed2004

Intraoperative hemodynamic measurements of the vertebral artery and common carotid artery.

The hemodynamics in the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) system were investigated in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Vertebral artery (VA) stump pressure and blood flows in the VA and common carotid artery (CCA) were intraoperatively measured in 45 patients who underwent surgical correction of the first segment of the VA (V1) for angiographic tortuosity, kinking, and/or stenosis manifesting as symptomatic VBI. The effects of changes in the systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) induced by trimethaphan, phenylephrine, and cervical epidural anesthesia were also investigated. The VA stump pressure was 79.3 +/- 13.6 (mean +/- SD) mmHg and the ratio of the VA stump pressure to the SABP was 0.87 +/- 0.08. The baseline values were SABP 90.5 +/- 10.1 mmHg, VA blood flow 53.4 +/- 33.0 ml/min, and CCA blood flow 204.3 +/- 50.3 ml/min. During changes in the SABP, autoregulation of the blood flow in the VA appeared tighter than in the CCA. During cervical epidural anesthesia, blood flows in both the VA and CCA were significantly reduced in response to SABP reduction. This study demonstrated that the VBA system maintains excellent autoregulation with good collateral flows and cervical sympathetic nerve function. However, this autoregulatory capacity may be overwhelmed by unexpected occlusion of the VA due to postural changes associated with tortuosity, kinking, and/or stenosis of the V1 segment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Flow-dependent vasomotor dysfunction of the popliteal artery related to common carotid artery intima-media thickness.

This study was designed to assess a possible correlation between flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the popliteal artery and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. Impaired vasodilation is one of early markers of atherosclerosis that has not been studied on the popliteal artery. An increase in intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery is also considered to be an indication of early stages of atherosclerosis. With use of ultrasound, the diameter of the popliteal artery was measured at rest and during reactive hyperemia after 5-minute arterial occlusion. Subsequently, the intima-media thickness was measured in left common carotid arteries in 27 patients with hyperlipidemia, in 10 patients with confirmed coronary artery disease, and in 20 healthy individuals. In healthy individuals, popliteal artery diameter increased by mean of 6.6 +/- 3.5% (p < 0.01) in relation to hyperemia. In patients with hyperlipidemia before therapy and in patients with coronary disease, no increase in diameter occurred (mean, 0.44% and -1.6%, respectively). The difference between healthy individuals and patients was statistically significant at p < 0.001. The popliteal artery seems to respond similarly to the brachial artery. When comparing the change in popliteal artery diameter and intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries, a strong negative correlation (r = -0.5713, p < 0.001) was observed in all subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Vertebral artery to common carotid artery bypass in Takayasu's disease with delayed cerebral ischemia.

UNLABELLED: Takayasu's Arteritis is a progressive occlusive disease of the aortic arch and its branches. It may need several bypass procedures along with or without endovascular techniques. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: A twenty-six year old woman who had a history of Takayasu's Arteritis, and had a Gore-Tex Dacron Y-graft from the ascending aorta to the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries 18 years before, is presented. She presented with recurrent hemispheric ischemia and transient ischemic attacks and severe long segment stenosis in the left common carotid artery. She was successfully treated with a saphenous vein graft bypass from the left vertebral artery to the common carotid artery. The stenosis of the brachiocephalic graft was successfully treated by angioplasty. Three months follow up showed stenosis of the left VA immediately proximal to the proximal anastomosis which was managed successfully with angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of Takayasu's Arteritis with bypass procedures needs a complex overview and follow up. A regular follow up is mandatory for evaluation and planning of appropriate management, in view of the progressive nature of the disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Interaction between secondary velocities, flow pulsation and vessel morphology in the common carotid artery.

The common carotid artery (CCA), one of the vessels more frequently investigated by ultrasound (US), is often modeled as a straight tube in quasi-laminar flow regimens. Experimental investigations based on a prototype multigate system show that blood velocity profiles are parabolic during diastole and early systole, and flat during the systolic peak. However, during late systole/beginning of diastole, they have an "M" shape, where the velocity near the walls is higher than in the vessel center. Moreover, the profile shape changes when the sound beam direction is moved over a given cross-section; thus, suggesting a nonaxisymmetrical velocity distribution, which contradicts the straight tube assumption. The purpose of this paper was twofold. First, the actual velocity distribution in "normal" CCAs was reconstructed. The analysis of several velocity profiles confirms that the velocity distribution is markedly asymmetrical, especially during the deceleration phase following the systolic peak. Second, a tentative explanation for such behavior is given by correlating it with the growth of secondary flows caused by the slight vessel curvature and viscous effects. This explanation is supported by the comparison between in vitro results and numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in laminar pulsed-flow regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Abnormal origin of the vertebral artery from the common carotid artery.

An abnormal origin of the vertebral artery from the common carotid artery (VA-CC) may occur on the right or left side with different embryonic mechanisms. We describe a patient with a double developmental anomaly, a right VA-CC and a right aortic arch. The rotation of the aortic arch caused a "twist" of the embryonic mechanisms of VA-CC and misdirected the differential diagnosis of the embryonic mechanisms at first glance. We discuss the pivotal points in differentiating the embryonic mechanisms of VA-CC.

Aortography↗
PubMed2000

Redefined duplex ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate duplex ultrasonographic criteria for the determination of 50% or more and 70% or more stenosis of the diameter of the internal carotid artery based on conventional angiography in order to align ultrasonographic diagnostic categories with current clinical management schemes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 1999, 915 patients underwent both carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography within 30 days at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Of these patients, 294 were excluded from this study because of occlusion of one or both of the internal carotid arteries or atypical flow characteristics. In the remaining 621 patients (61 % male, 39% female; mean age, 67.7 years [range, 14-88 years]), 1218 vessels were available for correlation. Several Doppler ultrasonographic velocity variables were compared with the angiographic findings by use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary end point was verification of optimal ultrasonographic criteria to diagnose 70% or more internal carotid artery stenosis. The secondary end point was establishment of threshold values to detect stenosis of 50% or more. RESULTS: At angiography, 382 patients had internal carotid arteries with 70% or more stenosis. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of the internal carotid artery and internal carotid artery:common carotid artery peak systolic velocity ratios were measured. For an internal carotid artery stenosis of 70% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 90.1%, a positive predictive value of 82.7%, a negative predictive value of 92.3%, and an accuracy of 88.8%. An end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more and an internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 3.2 or more yielded similar values. For an internal carotid artery stenosis of 50% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 130 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 92.1 %, a specificity of 89.5%, a positive predictive value of 90.3%, a negative predictive value of 91.3%, and an overall accuracy of 90.8%. An internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 1.6 or more yielded similar values. CONCLUSION: In our ultrasonography laboratory, a carotid artery stenosis of 70% or more (for which carotid endarterectomy is typically recommended in symptomatic patients) is diagnosed reliably with the following duplex ultrasonographic criteria: a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more, an end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more, or an internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 3.2 or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Patent internal and external carotid arteries beyond an occluded common carotid artery: report of a case diagnosed by color Doppler.

Occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) is most often associated with thrombosis of the distal vessels. In rare cases, however, a weak antegrade flow can still be detected in the internal carotid artery (ICA). This patency is the result of a retrograde perfusion of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) via its collaterals. Such situation should not be ignored since bypass surgery can easily allow for effective restoration of flow. Most authors agree to say that color flow duplex imaging (CFDI) has now become the hallmark to detect a patent ICA in spite of a CCA occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The effect of varying albumin concentration of the hydraulic conductivity of the rabbit common carotid artery.

Rabbit common carotid arteries were cannulated in situ, after ligation of their branches, and transferred to a perfusion apparatus in such a way that they were maintained at their physiological dimensions and the endothelium remained intact. The vessels were pressurized to 150 cm H2O with Krebs solution and the wall smooth muscle was relaxed with 10(-4) M NaNO2. The rate of inflow of perfusate into the vessels was measured by following the movement of a bubble in a calibrated capillary which, when steady, was taken to indicate the transmural filtration rate. The filtration rate was 1.48 +/- 0.26 X 10(-6) cm sec-1 (11) (mean, SD, n) with 1 g/dl bovine serum albumin in Krebs solution. The values with 0, 4, 7, and 10 g/dl, normalized by the 1 g/dl value were 1.38 +/- 0.16 (7), 0.80 +/- 0.05 (9), 0.65 +/- 0.03 (8), and 0.47 +/- 0.06 (9), respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of the wall was also found to depend on perfusate albumin concentration. The 1 g/dl value was 0.92 +/- 0.17 X 10(-8) cm sec-1 (cm H2O)-1 (11) and the values with 0, 4, 7 and 10 g/dl normalized by the 1 g/dl value were 1.35 +/- 0.16 (7), 0.87 +/- 0.06 (9), 0.81 +/- 0.03 (8), and 0.72 +/- 0.06 (9), respectively. The findings were analyzed in relation to models involving interaction of albumin with the endothelial glycocalyx, concentration polarization at the blood/wall interface, dependence of flux on solvent viscosity and dependence of the porosity of the wall interstitium on solvent flux. Both concentration polarization and variation of the porosity of the wall interstitium provide reasonable quantitative explanations for the findings.

Albumins↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative common carotid artery blood flow: prediction of internal carotid artery stenosis.

Common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow was measured noninvasively with a pulsed Doppler duplex scanner modeled after the Octoson (Ultrasonics, Inc., No. Yonkers, N.Y.). The aim of the study was to determine normal values and to assess the accuracy of CCA flow as a predictor of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. One hundred one people who did not have disease were studied; the overall mean flow rate was 395 +/- 79 ml/min (mean +/- S.D.). There was no significant correlation with age, height, or body surface area but there was with body weight (p less than 0.05). A statistically significant difference was evident between men (424 +/- 88 ml/min) and women (371 +/- 62 ml/min) (p less than 0.001). The intrasessional variation (S.D./mean) was 13% and the intersessional variation, 16%. No significant difference was seen between the sides. Ninety-two patients who had carotid angiography were studied and the flow rates compared with the degree of ICA stenosis on each side. The flow rate for mild ICA stenosis (1% to 39%) was 404 +/- 109 ml/min, for moderate stenoses (40% to 69%), 390 +/- 91 ml/min, and for severe stenoses (70% to 99%), 351 +/- 109 ml/min. There was a significant difference in flows only between mild and severe grades of stenosis of the ICA (p less than 0.01). With unilateral stenosis, comparison of flow values in the normal and affected sides showed the greatest discriminatory power when the absolute difference of flow values was taken (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful endovascular treatment of a left common carotid artery aneurysm following failed surgery of a right common carotid artery aneurysm.

Aneurysm of the common carotid artery is a rare and serious disease requiring prompt treatment in order to avoid neurologic complications. A 39-year-old man presented with voice impairment and a pulsatile mass at the right side of his neck and was found by color Doppler examination to have bilateral common carotid artery aneurysms of unknown origin. The right-sided large aneurysm was treated with placement of an 8 mm interposition Gore-Tex graft between the right common and internal carotid arteries. The surgical graft thrombosed 7 days after the surgery but the left-sided aneurysm was successfully treated by a Jostent peripheral stent-graft. Color Doppler examination showed a patent stent and no filling of the aneurysm on his first and sixth-month follow-up. Bilateral common carotid artery aneurysm is an exceptionally unusual condition and endovascular treatment of carotid artery aneurysms with covered stents may become an effective treatment alternative for these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reversed flow in the internal carotid artery after occlusion of the common carotid artery.

Patency of the internal carotid artery in case of common carotid artery occlusion is usually maintained by a flow of blood from the external carotid into the internal carotid artery. A case where a reversed flow of blood was established from the cerebral circulation into the internal carotid artery and eventually into the external carotid artery is presented. Careful reading of the cerebral views of the standard carotid angiogram allowed detection of a retrograde flow into the internal carotid artery. Surgical exploration confirmed the patency of the internal carotid artery; the occluded common carotid artery was bypassed by a prosthesis, which restored an antegrade flow into the internal carotid artery.

Carotid Artery, Common↗