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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Fractional inhibitory concentration index of combinations of antibacterial agents against cariogenic organisms.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the inhibitory effects between paired combinations of four antibacterial agents that have been investigated in dentistry against six bacteria associated with dentinal caries. METHODS: The antibacterial agents tested were: chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide and cetylpyridinium chloride. Two organisms each belonging to Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces species were evaluated against these agents. A checkerboard microtitration method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractionary inhibitory concentration (FIC) and summation operator FIC index of the paired combinations of antibacterial agents against the six species of bacteria. Appropriate controls were included. The summation operator FIC index was then used to determine if synergy, antagonism, or indifference occurred as a result of interactions between the antibacterial agents and the test organisms. RESULTS: The data from a total of 295 test results were evaluated. Using summation operator FIC values for synergy as < or = 0.5 and antagonism as > 4.0 as recommended by The American Society for Microbiology, no significant synergistic or antagonistic interactions were observed between the paired antibacterial agents when tested against selected organisms. However, a tendency for an additive antibacterial effect was observed with approximately a third of the test results. Nonetheless, no combination of antibacterial agents appeared to be superior to any other. CONCLUSIONS: According to these in vitro results, there appears to be no beneficial effect of combining the antibacterial agents against the individual cariogenic micro-organisms selected. However, it may be beneficial to use combined antibacterial agents that have a broader range of activity against an ecosystem of bacteria than using individual agents.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2000

The minimum inhibitory concentration of oral antibacterial agents against cariogenic organisms.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of eight common dental antibacterial agents against three genera of bacteria which have been implicated in dentine caries, namely streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes were investigated. The ultimate aim was to determine the most appropriate antibacterial agent which could be added to dental restorative materials for filling cavities where there was residual dentine caries. The antibacterial agents tested were chlorhexidine diacetate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, thymol and sodium hypochlorite. Thymol and sodium hypochlorite did not inhibit microbial growth at any of the concentrations tested. For the active antibacterial agents tested the MIC values against lactobacilli and streptococci were 0.25 microg/ml to 8.0 microg/ml and for actinomycetes 0.125 to 8.0 microg/ml. These results illustrate the wide spectrum of sensitivity of caries associated bacteria against dental antibacterial agents. From the MIC values alone, it is difficult to recommend which of the active antibacterial agents would be most effective in eliminating cariogenic organisms.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2003

Effectiveness of dentine bonding agents against cariogenic bacteria in vitro: a comparison of two methods.

Data obtained from studies on the antimicrobial properties of bonding agents are the subject of controversy, probably because of methodological differences. This study compared two commonly used in vitro methods, the disc agar diffusion test and the well agar diffusion test. Agar plates were seeded with Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus gasseri, or Actinomyces naeslundii. For the well diffusion test, wells cut out of the agar were filled with the test material, and for the disc method, discs impregnated with the test material were applied to the agar; the discs and wells were both 9 mm in diameter. After incubation, measurements of the zones of inhibition showed little agreement between the two methods when bonding agents were tested; the mean differences (+/- sdiff) in the zones of inhibition between the methods were 0.7 +/- 3.4 mm (P = 0.40, one sample t-test against zero), 4.9 +/- 4.4 mm (P = 0.97), and 0.8 +/- 4.3 mm (P = 0.47) for S. sobrinus, L. gasseri, and A. naeslundii, respectively. Mean differences were less contrasting when chlorhexidine and pure components were tested (P < 0.05 for S. sobrinus and L. gasseri). These results indicate the need for a gold standard method to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of bonding agents.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2004

Isopanduratin A from Kaempferia pandurata as an active antibacterial agent against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans.

An antibacterial compound active against Streptococcus mutans was isolated from Kaempferia pandurata and identified as isopanduratin A using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI-MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isopanduratin A was 4 mg/l which was much lower than that of some other natural anticariogenic agents such as sanguinarine (12 mg/l), green tea extract and carvacrol (125 mg/l), thymol (250 mg/l) and isoeugenol and eucalyptol (500 mg/l). The bactericidal test showed that isopanduratin A completely inactivated S. mutans at 20 mg/l in 1 min. Significant inhibitory activity of isopanduratin A was also observed against S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis and S. salivarius with an MIC of 4 mg/l. Damage to the cell membrane and cell wall of S. mutans by isopanduratin A was shown using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results suggest that isopanduratin A could be employed as a potential antibacterial agent for preventing dental caries.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Cariogenic antitussive agents].

Nine cough mixtures available on the Swiss market and randomly chosen were tested telemetrically. With the exception of Sinecod all syrups effected immediate and long-lasting pH-depressions in interdental plaque. Patients should be informed on the pronounced caries-promoting potential of these medications.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed1993

Cariogenic effect of caffeine intake during lactation on first molars of newborn rats.

Lactating dams with eight suckling pups were fed either a 20% protein diet as a control or experimentally a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine (2 mg/100g body weight) from the birth of the pups to day 22. At day 22, the pups from both groups were weaned and fed a cariogenic diet until day 50, when they were killed. Dental caries of the molars were scored from randomized mandibles. The enamel of the first molars in the caffeine group showed significantly higher caries scores than that of the controls. This appears to be the first unequivocal evidence that caffeine is a cariogenic agent when newborns are exposed to it during critical periods of tooth development. Therefore, the widespread human consumption of caffeine could be a threat to the healthy development of teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Sugar-substitutes in the prevention of dental caries (author's transl)].

Investigations performed with sugar-substitutes showed that from the partial substitution of carbohydrate in the food a significant cariesreduction may be expected. According to the data of the microbiological, pH, animal experiments and clinical examinations xylit proved to be the least cariogen agent and sorbit too has a reduced cariogen effect.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2006

A lacticin 3147 enriched food ingredient reduces Streptococcus mutans isolated from the human oral cavity in saliva.

AIMS: To isolate and characterise Streptococcus mutans from Irish saliva samples and to assess their sensitivity to a food-grade preparation of the lantibiotic, lacticin 3147, produced by Lactococcus lactis DPC3147. METHODS AND RESULTS: Saliva samples collected from children with varying oral health status were screened on Mitis Salivarius agar for the presence of pathogenic streptococci. Following selective plating, 16S rDNA sequencing and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), 15 distinct strains of Strep. mutans were identified. These were grouped according to their relative sensitivity to lacticin 3147 which ranged from 0.78 to 6.25%; relative to a sensitive indicator strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis HP. Inhibition of indicator Strep. mutans strains from sensitive, intermediate and tolerant groupings were assessed in microtitre plate assays with increasing concentrations of lacticin 3147. The concentration of lacticin 3147 required to give 50% growth inhibition correlated with their relative sensitivities (as assayed by well diffusion methodology) and ranged from 1280 to 5120 AU ml(-1). Concentrated preparations of lacticin 3147 caused a rapid killing of Strep. mutans strains in broth. Moreover, in human saliva deliberately spiked with Strep. mutans, the pathogen was eliminated (initial inoculum of 10(5)) in the presence of 40,000 AU ml(-1) of lacticin 3147. Furthermore, a food-grade lacticin 3147 spray dried powder ingredient was assessed for the inhibition of Strep. mutans in human saliva, spiked with a strain of intermediate sensitivity, resulting in up to a 4-log reduction in counts after 20 min. CONCLUSION: A food grade preparation of lacticin 3147 was effective in the inhibition of oral Strep. mutans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The inhibition of oral streptococci by food grade preparations of lacticin 3147 may offer novel opportunities for the development of lacticin 3147 as an anti-cariogenic agent particularly in the area of functional foods for the improvement of oral health.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Diet and feeding patterns in high risk pre-school children.

A survey of 60 pre-school children both from Anglo-Saxon and Lebanese backgrounds collected detailed information on subjects' oral health status and dietary and feeding habits. Lebanese subjects had significantly higher caries experience (mean dmfs = 4.88) than Anglo-Saxon subjects (mean dmfs = 0.56). Subjects from the different backgrounds varied significantly also in the frequency of exposure to cariogenic agents and health practices. In each situation Lebanese children were exposed to higher risk factors than Anglo-Saxon children. Notwithstanding the association between variables, the best single predictor of variance in caries experience of subjects, explaining 23 per cent of the variance of dmfs, was the mother's level of education. Culturally relevant health education programmes need to address the specific requirements of high risk groups.

Animals↗