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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The Cardiff health survey: teaching survey methodology by participation.

Medical students were taught survey methodology by participating in all phases of a large community survey. The survey examined health beliefs, knowledge and behaviour in a sample of 5150 people drawn from the electoral register of the City of Cardiff. The study achieved several educational objectives for the medical students: they met well people in their own homes and had an opportunity to get to know a community; by taking part in a study from the initial phases to the conclusion they could appreciate the context of the theoretical teaching they were being given concurrently in their undergraduate course; they learnt to analyse raw data and produce reports; and they gained insights into the health knowledge, behaviour, attitudes and beliefs of a population. In addition, the survey produced a substantial quantity of valuable data which staff and students are analysing and intend to publish.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of self-reported hearing problems in a community survey.

The Cardiff Health Survey included a question asking whether the respondents had any difficulties with their hearing and, if so, to specify the biggest difficulty. This self-completed questionnaire was administered to 4,266 individuals randomly sampled from the electoral register of Cardiff in 1986. 14.7% of those responding indicated a hearing disability; and the main specific disabilities listed are described. The commonest complaints were of difficulties hearing the television and radio, and with general conversation. A number of other specific complaints were reported similar to those found in previous studies with the 'Problems Questionnaire'. Age, social class, general health, smoking and the individual's attitudes were found to influence the pattern of response.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Priorities in health care: reply to Lewis and Charny.

This paper is a reply to proposals to base priority health-care decisions on public opinion surveys. Whilst it is recognised that current practice is less than satisfactory, it is argued here that basing health-care priorities on societal attitudes in this way is not a solution and does not provide a satisfactory basis for bringing democracy to the health service.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Which of two individuals do you treat when only their ages are different and you can't treat both?

A relative value of life dependent on age has been produced from a survey of 721 randomly selected individuals together with other observations of professional practice. The results are presented in diagrammatic form. If two identical people, except for age, present for medical treatment for a life-threatening condition and only one can be treated then the diagram indicates what the choice should be.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Choosing who shall not be treated in the NHS.

In the face of severe resource constraints, health care systems are seeking both to control costs and to ensure maximum benefits for the resources consumed. The use of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) is becoming more widely advocated as a decision aid in the solution of resource allocation problems. The QALY combines two dimensions of health outcome--the quantity of life and its quality--in such a way that choices between different services with different purposes can be made using comparisons based on common units of measurement. The combination of these two dimensions allows comparisons between services with different objectives, such as curing and caring services. The QALY, however, lacks a third dimension which is vital to the decision-making process to which it is intended to contribute: the worth of a specific life relative to others. This paper presents results based on interviews of 719 residents of Cardiff drawn at random from the electoral register. The results suggest that further development of the novel methodology used to establish the relative value placed on various human lives is worthwhile. Evidence is given which indicates that the public consider lives to be of unequal worth. The results also show that these values are consistent for different types of choices phrased in different ways on a large number of control variables, implying the existence of a cultural stable value system which is a necessary prerequisite if consensus values of human life are to be used to assist decision-making in non-private health care systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

People's knowledge of health and disease.

A community survey based on the Cardiff electoral register was carried out in 1986. Seven hundred and ten adults were asked 10 open-ended questions about common serious illnesses in the United Kingdom and were given 18 statements about common diseases and asked to state whether they were true or false. This paper reports their responses. Amongst those gaining the highest scores there were more young people, more females, more from social classes I and II and more who had been educated to college or university level. We discuss the implications of the results for patient behaviour and for health education programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Student and staff opinion of electronic capture of data related to clinical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To seek the opinion of staff and students of a new electronic method for collection of data related to student clinical activity. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. SETTING: Staff and students in the Department of Child Dental Health, Dental School, Cardiff, and staff in the Community Dental Service who undertake clinical supervision. METHOD: A questionnaire was circulated to all 2nd and 3rd clinical year dental undergraduate students seeking their opinion on a range of issues associated with the recently introduced bar code system of data gathering of their clinical activity and achievement. A similar questionnaire was circulated to staff who have responsibility for clinical supervision of these students. RESULTS: A total of 102 replies were received. With the exception of 2 aspects, there was no disagreement between staff and students. An overall majority preferred the use of bar codes to other methods of data collection; bar codes were perceived to be more accurate and reliable than other methods; students were satisfied with the method of quality assessment; staff were dissatisfied (P < 0.05). Staff were strongly in favour of extension of the use of bar codes to other clinics, whereas students were less strongly in favour (P < 0.001); there was little enthusiasm to extend bar codes for recording attendance at lectures, seminars and other such activity. CONCLUSION: The new system has been accepted by staff and students alike. It has proven to be satisfactory for its intended purpose. As a result of this survey, minor adjustments to procedures will take place, and the method of assessment of clinical work will be reconsidered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The routine collation of health outcomes data from hospital treated subjects in the Health Outcomes Data Repository (HODaR): descriptive analysis from the first 20,000 subjects.

OBJECTIVES: Health technology assessment requires data covering many different facets of treatment. A new resource, the Health Outcomes Data Repository (HODaR), is described and evaluated for its use in the pharmaceutical research and development process. METHODS: Data were collated for subjects treated at Cardiff and Vale National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals Trust, United Kingdom. Inpatients are surveyed 6 weeks postdischarge by postal survey, whilst outpatients are handed a survey pack when they attend. Survey data cover sociodemographics, resource use, production losses, and quality of life. Electronic hospital data are available for all responders, and linked with survey returns. Sample characteristics, coverage of disease areas, and a more detailed description of data values for diabetes are described. RESULTS: Survey responses relating to 16,188 admissions and 4476 outpatient attendances were available relating to around 2000 different diagnoses. Over 5000 pharmacy items and 400,000 biochemistry test results were available. Analysis of utility data showed a broad coverage of diseases. For patients with diabetes the pattern of EQ-5D scores across subgroups is not clear. Health service resource use showed a linear relationship with respect to number of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: HODaR represents a new approach to accessing patient data, and gathers both routine and survey-based data. Although linking survey data to routine hospital systems is a complex task, which produces some limitations, it can produce health outcomes data at relatively low cost. Its performance within the pharmaceutical research and development process needs to be further evaluated in order to assess its most appropriate role.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A community survey of alcohol consumption.

A survey by 150 trained medical students was carried out in 1986 on a random sample of adults from the electoral register of Cardiff. The survey explored attitudes, knowledge and behaviour over a wide range of health related topics. 4266 self-completed questionnaires were returned for analysis and this paper reports the answers to the question 'how much did you drink last week'. The total units of alcohol were calculated and the drinking characteristics of the respondents are presented by age, sex, marital status, social class, accommodation and occupation. The contribution that such community surveys play in the development of local alcohol policy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Multivariate models of health-related utility and the fear of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes.

AIM: The aim was to statistically model the degree of fear of hypoglycaemia experienced by people with diabetes, and then model the resulting change in health-related utility associated with differing severity and frequency of hypoglycaemia. METHODS: The study used pooled data from two previous postal surveys among subjects with confirmed diabetes conducted in Cardiff, UK (n = 1305 responses). The fear of hypoglycaemia was characterised using the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey (HFS [eight question worry sub-scale only]), and health-related utility using the EQ5D(index). The data were then analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Following detailed preliminary analysis, a two-stage approach was used since fear was important when estimating the EQ5D(index). Fear was then modelled as a function of the severity and frequency of hypoglycaemia while controlling for other factors such as diabetes-related complications. Each severe hypoglycaemic event resulted in a change of 5.881 units on the HFS. One or more symptomatic hypoglycaemic events over the same period results in a corresponding change of 1.773 units on the HFS. A 1 unit increase on the HFS results in a 0.008 unit decrease on the EQ5D(index). CONCLUSION: While controlling for other factors, the fear of hypoglycaemia was an important determinant of health-related utility. The magnitude of fear of hypoglycaemia was associated with the severity and frequency of hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia was associated with a considerable decrement in health-related utility as a function of increased fear. Measures should be taken to minimise the severity and frequency of hypoglycaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The health of children in refuges for women victims of domestic violence: cross sectional descriptive survey.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the health and developmental status of children living in refugees for women victims of domestic violence and to investigate their access to primary healthcare services. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. SETTING: Women's refugees in Cardiff. PARTICIPANTS: 148 resident children aged under 16 years and their mothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Completeness of records on the child health system (register of all children that includes data on the child's health) for named health visitor, named general practitioner, and immunisation uptake; satisfactory completion of child health surveillance; Denver test results for developmental status; Rutter test scores for behavioural and emotional problems; reports of maternal concerns. RESULTS: 148/257 (58%) children living in refugee between April 1999 and January 2000 were assessed. Child health system data were incorrect (general practitioner and/or address) or unavailable for 85/148 (57%) children. Uptake of all assessments and immunisations was low. 13/68 (19%) children aged <5 years had delayed or questionable development on the Denver test, and 49/101 (49%) children aged 3-15 years had a Rutter score of >10 (indicating probable mental health problems). Concerns were expressed by mothers of 113/148 (76%) children. After leaving the refuge, 22 children were untraceable and 36 returned home to the perpetrator from whom the families had fled. CONCLUSIONS: The children had a high level of need, as well as poor access to services. Time spent in a refuge provides a window of opportunity to review health and developmental status. Specialist health visitors could facilitate and provide support, liaison, and follow up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The impact of the overactive bladder on health-related utility and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the overactive bladder (OAB) on quality of life and health-related utility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a study conducted in Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, patients were identified from an academic urology unit inpatient database for admissions and sent a postal survey. The survey pack comprised questionnaires on demography, urological functioning, health utility (EQ5D(index)), and health-related quality of life (Short Form-36, SF36). Respondents were classified according to general urinary status, frequency, urgency, and stress incontinence. RESULTS: Of 2193 surveys dispatched, 609 (27.8%) were returned; of these patients, 52% had incontinence, of whom 83% had both frequency and urgency, and 60% stress incontinence. Patients with stress incontinence reported a mean (sd) EQ5D(index) of 0.578 (0.331), compared to 0.714 (0.281) for all other patients (P < 0.001). From the SF36, respondents scored lowest in the role physical domain and highest in the mental domain, with mean scores of 33.8 and 72.1, respectively. Multivariate analysis of SF36 and EQ5D(index) scores, controlling for age, gender and body mass index, showed that incontinence was associated with a notable reduction in the EQ5D(index) and SF36 scores across all domains. CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant reduction in quality of life for all patient groups with OAB; in particular, stress incontinence had the greatest impact.

Aged↗