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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ultrasound Doppler methods for calculating cardiac volume flows, cardiac output, and cardiac shunts.

The variety of volume flow calculation methods described for determination of cardiac output by Doppler and the controversy surrounding their relative accuracy is to some extent a result of how difficult they are to use and the fact that they break down in patients whose anatomic and physiologic flow cross sections do not match, in patients who may have flow in vessels with flow profiles that are not flat, and in patients who are difficult to examine in one view or another or who do not give clean Doppler waveforms. Nonetheless, most of the methods work to some extent in most patients. Discovering those patients who do not fit the assumptions in these methods and whose cardiac output can therefore not be accurately calculated will probably be a major contribution of the new flow mapping Doppler technologies. We believe these new technologies may provide more sophisticated methods for calculating volume flows, cardiac outputs, regurgitant fractions, and shunt volumes.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Arterial vasodilators, cardiac volume load, and cardiac hypertrophy in normotensive rats.

To assess a possible involvement of cardiac volume overload in the development of cardiac hypertrophy during chronic arterial vasodilator treatment, changes in indexes of cardiac volume load in relation to changes in cardiac anatomy were evaluated during treatment of normotensive rats with 120 mg/l hydralazine or 120 mg/l minoxidil, with drinking water. Long-term treatment with hydralazine, but not minoxidil, caused small decreases in systolic blood pressure; neither vasodilator affected heart rate with chronic treatment. Arterial vasodilator treatment for 2 wk or more resulted in increases in plasma and blood volumes by 10-20%. Both arterial vasodilators increased right atrial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the initial weeks of treatment. Only the minoxidil group showed a persistent increase in right atrial pressure throughout the treatment period. These hemodynamic changes were associated with increases in left ventricular (LV) internal diameter and right ventricular (RV) weight, and with minoxidil these changes were also associated with increased LV weight. LV wall thickness did not increase. Cardiac volume overload therefore indeed occurs during treatment with arterial vasodilators and may contribute to their effects on cardiac anatomy (i.e., development of RV hypertrophy and, in the case of minoxidil, also, eccentric LV hypertrophy), which are consistent with cardiac volume overload.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in the fetal cardio-vascular system in cases of intra-uterine growth retardation ( a measurement of the cardiac volume and the cardiac flow by the Doppler method)].

In 28 patients with suspected intra-uterine growth retardation during the last trimester of pregnancy the cardiac volume measurements and the flow measurements by the Doppler method showed diminished values. The suspicion of growth retardation was later confirmed by the birth weight. Changes of the cardio-vascular system in the foetus therefore are helpful in the diagnosis of intra-uterine growth retardation. Other parameters such as cardio-tocography, L/S ratio and hormone determinations are also used in the diagnosis.

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1977

[Reference values of cardiac volume in children and adults of the Ivory Coast].

The cardiac volume in decubitus was measured by Rohrer radiological method in 229 subjects, of which 150 were children of both sexes, aged 4 to 16 and 79 were adult males, 17 to 50 years old. Anthropometric parameters and maximum O2 consumption were also measured. Considering that the size of thorax in Ivory Coast natives is significantly smaller than that of a Caucasian, an eventual influence over the cardiac volume was looked for. Results showed that: -- in the child, the cardiac, volume increased linearly with age: 162 ml at 4 and 680 ml at 16; -- significant positive correlations were found between the cardiac volume, the body-weight andusrface, and the measurements of the thorax; -- when compared to data found in the literature, the cardiac volumes of children and adults of the Ivory Coast in relation with the body weight or surface are lower than the values found in Caucasians; -- children who have been swimming for two years and adults from the national swimming team have a cardiac volume significantly superior to that of Ivory controls; for these subjects, results are equivalent to those of Caucasians; -- there is a highly significant positive correlation between the cardiac volume and the maximum oxygen consumption. To compare values of cardiac volume in different populations, it is necessary that the groups of subjects be very homogeneous and have a comparable level of activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cardiac volume load as a determinant of the response of cardiac mass to antihypertensive therapy.

Whereas chronic pressure overload induces left ventricular hypertrophy in a predictable way, the same lowering of systolic blood pressure by different antihypertensive drug classes is not associated with the same regression of LV mass. In particular, arterial vasodilators may not induce regression or even cause progression despite persistent decreases in blood pressure. It has been commonly assumed that different activation of non-haemodynamic mechanisms may explain such a dissociation. However, different effects on the other haemodynamic determinant of cardiac mass, cardiac volume overload, have not been taken into account. Our results in normotensive and hypertensive humans and rats indicate that arterial vasodilators induce a pattern of changes in cardiac anatomy, compatible with cardiac volume overload being a major contributor to these changes. Cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity may also contribute, possibly more in hypertension than in normotension.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Respiratory maneuvers decrease irradiated cardiac volume in patients with left-sided breast cancer.

Late cardiac morbidity and mortality among left breast cancer survivors treated with radiation therapy is related to cardiac volume included in the radiation portals. To determine if respiratory maneuvers can help decrease cardiac volume included in the radiation portals for left-sided breast cancer, 17 women with breast cancer, who had undergone left breast radiation therapy, underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cardiac volume within the radiation portals was assessed from a transverse stack of eight, 10-mm thick, contiguous slices, covering the entire heart and obtained during breathholding at (1) endtidal volume (ETid) and (2) deep inspiration. Fourteen subjects (93% of those who completed the study) had inclusion of at least a portion of their heart within the radiation portals at ETid (median: 25.9 cm3, range 4.2-119.1 cm3). In all subjects, inspiratory breathholding decreased irradiated cardiac volume [median change: -18.1 cm3 (-49%), p < or = 0.001 vs. ETid]. In 21% of patients, the entire heart could be displaced outside the radiation field with deep inspiration. Age was not correlated with change or percentage change in cardiac volume with respiratory maneuvers. We conclude that in breast cancer patients, deep inspiratory maneuvers significantly decrease irradiated cardiac volume included in the left breast radiation field. Such an approach during delivery of radiation therapy allows preservation of radiation dosage to the breast, while reducing cardiac involvement and possible associated cardiovascular toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prolonged decrease in cardiac volumes after maximal upright bicycle exercise.

Sequential exercise-gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams provide a noninvasive technique for evaluating the effect of therapeutic interventions on cardiac volumes and function only if both exercise periods are equivalent in the absence of an intervention. To assess whether they are indeed equivalent, 14 healthy subjects underwent gated blood pool scintigraphy during two maximal upright exercise periods separated by 60 min without changing position. Although resting cardiac output and blood pressure returned to base-line values 60 min after the first exercise period, mean resting heart rate was markedly higher (89.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 66.5 +/- 2.5 beats/min, P less than 0.001) and upright cardiac volumes lower [39.1 +/- 4.9 vs. 56.3 +/- 6.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end-systolic volume (ESV) and 112.6 +/- 8.0 vs. 144.9 +/- 9.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end-diastolic volume (EDV)] than before the first exercise period. These differences persisted during low levels of the subsequent exercise but not at high and maximum work loads. Cardiac volumes and heart rate 60 min after an identical exercise protocol in a second group of 22 subjects who received propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg iv, after their initial exercise, however, were the same as those preexercise. Thus higher sympathetic tone may be responsible for the persistently higher heart rate and decreased cardiac volumes after exercise, and the assumption that cardiac volumes and function are similar during two closely spaced sequential exercise studies is not always valid.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Plasma natriuretic peptides and cardiac volume during acute changes in intravascular volume in haemodialysis patients.

1. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) were measured, along with left and right atrial and left ventricular volumes, in eight patients with chronic renal failure before and after the removal of 2.1 +/- 0.61 of fluid by ultrafiltration and again during volume repletion with intravenous sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l saline) to restore body weight plus 0.5 kg. 2. Baseline levels of ANP (46.0 +/- 7.5 pmol/l) and BNP (22.0 +/- 4.4 pmol/l) were elevated above normal. There was a significant reduction in plasma ANP (26.5 +/- 4.7 pmol/l, P < 0.05) and BNP (19.1 +/- 4.9 pmol/l, P < 0.05)) following ultrafiltration. Changes in plasma ANP during ultrafiltration correlated significantly with changes in left atrial volume (r = 0.643, P < 0.05). 3. During volume repletion there was an exaggerated release of ANP (mean level post repletion 71.3 +/- 20.8 pmol/l) which was not paralleled by changes in BNP. Changes in BNP were small, showing no correlation with atrial or ventricular volumes during either ultrafiltration or volume repletion. 4. These findings indicate that in chronic renal failure without left ventricular dysfunction, moderate acute changes in volume status elict only small immediate responses in plasma BNP. Changes in plasma ANP are greater than BNP and more responsive to changes in left atrial volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Reproductibility of the true measurement of blood volume, cardiac output, mean pulmonary circulation time and pulmonary blood volume by radiocardiography].

Radiocardiography provides a simple method of measurement of blood volume, cardiac output, mean pulmonary circulation time, and pulmonary blood volume. The use of a computer allows the results to produced immediately provided that the circulating blood volume is measured during the test anpd that the radiocardiographic tracing is analysed by an entirely automatic method. The reproducibity of the results given by this automatic method has been studied in 35 patients, two measurements being made at 20 minute intervals. The standard deviation of the percentage difference between consecutive measurements was 5.8% for the blood volume, 10.4% for the cardiac output, 8.8% for the mean pulmonary circulation time, and 9.7% for the pulmonary blood volume.

Adolescent↗