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PubMed1998

Cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation as a multifactorial intervention has been shown to improve functional capacity, emotional well-being, return to work rate and longevity. Cardiac rehabilitation is cost effective, and in many aspects represents causal therapy. The meta-analyses do not include studies where pharmacological lipid lowering was used. The use of generally accepted and recommended medical treatment strategies in the EuroAspire study has been below the expected rate, Therefore, cardiac rehabilitation programmes should educate the patient and emphasize the need to apply the appropriate medical regimen in addition to the non-pharmacological treatment modalities of cardiac rehabilitation to achieve maximal benefit. Cardiac rehabilitation has an important role in assuring the application of the available knowledge, to avoid cardiac complications and progression of disease, and improve cardiorespiratory fitness and survival. Cardiac rehabilitation should therefore be an integral part of cardiological management after a cardiac event.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in relation to motivation and compliance in cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is increasingly becoming accepted as a treatment that improves quality of life post myocardial infarction. Typically a higher proportion of men than women attend cardiac rehabilitation classes. Low attendance by women gives the impression that women are less motivated and therefore less complaint towards cardiac rehabilitation. A number of issues need to be addressed by health workers, if equality is to be achieved and women are to be encouraged to take up such health orientated initiatives.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

The challenge of cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation has emerged as an integral part of cardiovascular care and an important and exciting area of rehabilitation. Its future will depend on the maintenance of adequate funding sources and demonstration that quality of life or cost/benefit assessments justify the continuance of such programs. Physical activity will remain as the cornerstone of most programs, but it must be integrated with other risk factor modification programs. The practitioner of cardiac rehabilitation will need to recognize the appropriate application of risk factor modification.

Cardiac Rehabilitation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is provided for people following diagnosis of a range of cardiac pathologies and to aid recovery after cardiac surgery. The programmes provided cost an estimated 34 m Pounds a year. However, there is wide variation within the programmes and many do not conform to current guidance. Drawn from the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination's latest Effective Health Care bulletin, this article summarises the literature on the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation. Its principal findings are that services do not always target all the appropriate client groups and do not always employ the most effective approaches.

Heart Diseases↗

PubMed1998

Evidence for the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a relatively recent development and, though it is increasingly being recognized as an important part of comprehensive cardiac care, there remains some scepticism regarding its effectiveness and some ignorance of its potential. This article reviews the literature pertaining to the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Coronary Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The use of self-efficacy in cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation patients' perceptions of their ability to perform an exercise prescription can mediate how much effort they will expand toward exercise compliance. A review is made of self-efficacy theory and its application in research investigating the relationship between the self-efficacy and physical activity. This article explores how the nurse in cardiac rehabilitation can utilize the sources of efficacy information to assist the patient to modify the cardiovascular disease risk factor of sedentary lifestyle.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Current status of cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is an important management strategy in patients with coronary artery disease. Substantial data from both mortality and morbidity studies support the benefits. Recent studies of patients with coronary artery disease have shown that exercise confers greater benefit in those who are also on a fat-controlled diet than in those who are not. In addition, high-intensity exercise has been found to improve left ventricular function in men with coronary artery disease. Individual home exercise programs, both with and without telephone monitoring, are prescribed by physicians and health care professionals for an increasing number of patients. Aggressive modification of coronary risk factors is also incorporated in the overall cardiac rehabilitation program, and the concept of greater total kilocalorie expenditure per week is emphasized.

Exercise↗

PubMed1997

Current trends in cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation can reduce mortality and morbidity for patients with many types of cardiac disease cost-effectively, yet is generally underutilized. Rehabilitation is helpful not only for patients who have had a myocardial infarction but also for those with stable angina or congestive heart failure or those who have undergone myocardial revascularization procedures, a heart transplant or heart valve surgery. The beneficial effects of rehabilitation include a reduction in the rate of death from cardiovascular disease, improved exercise tolerance, fewer cardiac symptoms, improved lipid levels, decreased cigarette smoking, improvement in psychosocial well-being and increased likelihood of return to work. Rehabilitation involves a multidisciplinary team that focuses on education, individually tailored exercise, risk-factor modification and the optimization of functional status and mental health. Current research trends in this area include the evaluation of new secondary-prevention modalities and alternative program options, such as home-based rehabilitation.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and cancer rehabilitation. 1. Cardiac rehabilitation review.

UNLABELLED: Cardiac rehabilitation includes not only the rehabilitation of people with ischemic heart disease but also those with congestive heart failure, heart transplantation, congenital heart disease, and other conditions. New advances in medical treatment have arisen, and there are new approaches in treatment, including alternative medicine and complementary care. New surgical approaches that help restore cardiac function have also been introduced, and rehabilitation professionals must be aware of these advances and be able to incorporate this knowledge into the practice of rehabilitation medicine. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVES: (a) To identify major categories of cardiac disease, (b) to elucidate appropriate interventions and support for patients with coronary artery disease, (c) to describe the new interventions available for the treatment of cardiac disease, and (d) to describe the appropriate role of cardiac rehabilitation for people with various forms of cardiac disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

TRICARE Program; inclusion of anesthesiologist assistants as authorized providers; coverage of cardiac rehabilitation in freestanding cardiac rehabilitation facilities. Final rule.

This final rule establishes a new category of provider as an authorized TRICARE provider and it increases the settings where cardiac rehabilitation can be covered as a TRICARE benefit. It recognizes anesthesiologist assistants (AAs) as authorized providers under certain circumstances. It also authorizes cardiac rehabilitation services, which are already a covered TRICARE benefit when provided by hospitals, to be provided in freestanding cardiac rehabilitation facilities.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1995

[Long-term cardiac rehabilitation].

Cardiac rehabilitation for life-time in a patient who has suffered coronary pathology is considered as appropriate. The reasons for such an opinion are given, as well as the two most indicated courses of action, being this rehabilitation at home and coronary clubs.

Coronary Disease↗

PubMed2001

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and cancer rehabilitation. 1. Cardiac rehabilitation.

UNLABELLED: This self-directed learning module highlights cardiac rehabilitation issues facing able-bodied populations. It is part of the chapter on cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cancer rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article focuses on various aspects of the management of cardiac disease and rehabilitation, including medication, exercise, risk-factor modification, secondary prevention, and surgery. Topics discussed include myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and angina. New advances covered in this article include the various phases of cardiac rehabilitation, data on lifestyle adaptations for cardiac disease, and recent surgical advances for the treatment of severe heart failure. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE: To review aspects of the management of cardiac disease and rehabilitation, including medication, exercise, risk-factor modification, secondary prevention, and surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Outcome assessment in cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation outcome assessment has reflected the isolated concerns of different professionals, each addressing different factors of the problems of patients. Physical, medical, psychosocial, and epidemiological approaches have been taken. Discrepancies in findings may relate more to problems with assessment than to the technology itself, and can undermine the usefulness of the intervention.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiac rehabilitation].

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been carried out in a progressively larger number of intensive care and coronary units since it was defined in 1964 by the WHO, but emphasis on CR has varied at different times. At present, CR is considered a priority task in the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease in these units. One of its clearest objectives is to improve the quality of life, but we have more specific goals, such as preventing the harmful effects of prolonged bed rest, controlling risk factors, improving the patient's knowledge on his or her disease, involving the family in CR, particulary its last phases, preventing and/or correcting psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, increasing the patient's self-confidence and will to live, improving his or her capacity for physical effort with a program of aerobic physical exercise, facilitating familial, occupational and social reinsertion, and finally, if we achieve these goals, reducing the hospital stay and, perhaps, morbidity and mortality as well. A detailed explanation is given of the need for CR programs, which are divided into several categories (cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hydroelectrolytic, hematic, respiratory and psychological). Increased knowledge of the benefits of CR will make nurses better prepared and motivated to include this program in coronary intensive care units (ICU, wards and specialized post-hospitalization centers).

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

The advantages of cardiac rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a significant element in recovery from myocardial infarction. An effective programme may reverse arterial damage without the aid of lipid-lowering medication. Benefits can occur for patients three to four years after undertaking a programme.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed2004

Responsiveness of health-related quality of life outcome measures in cardiac rehabilitation: comparison of cardiac rehabilitation outcome measures.

Assessment instruments that are not responsive to change are unsuitable as outcome tools in cardiac rehabilitation because they underestimate the psychosocial benefits of program attendance. Nine questionnaires were assessed for responsiveness with the standardized response mean (SRM). Questionnaires were allocated into 3 batteries, and each battery was completed by cardiac rehabilitation and comparison participants at 2 time points (411 and 375 participants in total, respectively). There was a high degree of variability in the responsiveness of instrument subscales. The positive affect subscale of the Global Mood Scale (J. Denollet, 1993a) was the most responsive (SRM = 0.62). Further information on the comparative responsiveness of psychosocial scales is important to optimize instrument selection for outcome studies.

Female↗

PubMed2001

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and cancer rehabilitation. 2. Cardiac rehabilitation in disabled populations.

UNLABELLED: This self-directed learning module highlights the clinical characteristics, medical treatment, and rehabilitation interventions of several cardiac scenarios encountered in physiatric practice. It is part of the chapter on cardiac rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article discusses myocardial infarction during amputation, stroke as a result of cardiac surgery, myocardial perfusion defects in spinal cord injury, and heart murmur in Down syndrome. It also covers current medical management and the benefits of comprehensive rehabilitation and interventions for specific impairments seen in these conditions. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, medical treatment, and rehabilitation interventions of 4 cardiac scenarios encountered in physiatric practice.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Determining predictors of delayed recovery and the need for transitional cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of cardiac surgery patients with postoperative length of stay (PLOS) greater than 7 days and determine the demographic, social, and clinical predictors of the need for transitional cardiac rehabilitation (TCR) after cardiac surgery. DATA SOURCES: A retrospective review of characteristics, clinical indices, caregiver availability, and patient status (whether living alone) was completed for 304 patients undergoing cardiac surgery over 24 consecutive months. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factor characteristics for PLOS greater than 7 days and to predict discharge disposition to TCR or home. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients, those with preoperative comorbidities, and those without a caregiver at home experience delays in functional recovery and discharge and are more likely to need TCR services. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings support the addition of functional recovery and social support risk items to the preoperative cardiac surgery risk assessment.

Aged↗