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The ratios of pre-capillary (Ra) and post-capillary (Rv) resistances to total vascular resistance (RT) were measured at different vertical distances in the lungs of supine dogs. Capillary pressures were estimated as the algebraic sum of the alveolar absorption pressure for Tyrode's solution and the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Segmental resistance fractions (Ra/RT, Rv/RT) were calculated using the pressure drops between arterial, capillary, and venous pressures at each vertical distance within the lung. In a second group of animals, total vascular resistance was calculated at each lung level using regional blood flow as measured by radiolabelled microspheres and the corresponding regional vascular pressures. The total vascular resistance was lowest in Zone III portions of the lung, but Ra/RT and Rv/RT were constant throughout this zone (n = 22) averaging .63 +/- .02 (SEM) and .37 +/- .02 (SEM, respectively, resulting in Ra/Rv of 1.70). Total vascular resistance increased markedly in Zone II portions of the lung, but the relative contribution of Ra/RT decreased from .62 +/- .07 (SEM) to .45 +/- .05 (SEM). Thus Ra/Rv decreased from 1.70 to .82 in Zone II. The absolute values of pre- and post-capillary resistances were lowest in Zone III but post-capillary resistance increased to a greater degree than pre-capillary resistance up Zone II.
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Capillary resistance, platelet count, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation and thrombelastogramm (TEG) were studied in 40 healthy newborn infants (term eutrophic, preterm eutrophic and hypotropic). The capillary resistance was normal in all cases. The physiologic decrease of platelet aggregation in newborns and the prolonged clotting time in TEG (hypotrophic infants) were without influence on the capillary resistance. An important factor of the normal capillary resistance in newborns is normal platelet adhesiveness.
A statistical survey in a group of 235 subjects (174 diabetic patients and 61 nondiabetic control subjects) was conducted to evaluate the incidence of reduced capillary resistance factor in respect to diabetic disease, to its duration, and to the severity of retinopathy. To evaluate the capillary resistance we used a cupping-glass method (Parrot's angiosterrometer test). The incidence of reduced capillary resistance proved to increase in frequency with diabetes, with its duration, and with the severity of retinopathy. Thus, reduced capillary resistance represents a negative prognostic element for retinopathy.
A rapid clinical and epidemiological method of grading Capillary Resistance (CR) based on the appearance of petechiae following negative pressure on the skin of the forearm is described, and the results of testing 469 postmen aged 22 to 63 years are given. CR is shown to be increased in men who have had back pain within 24 hours of testing and no difference was found between men who had had back pain in the past and those who denied ever having had back pain. A separate series of 35 post-laminectomy patients examined at least 10 months after operation and who were shown to have disc disease at operation and/or on myelogram were found to have low CR. This work suggests that the changes involved in disc disease are not limited solely to the discs, but may involve collagen/elastic tissue or ground substance elsewhere as for example in this case when detectable in a test on the forearm. Secondly, it is suggested that CR grading could be a helpful discriminating test for 'disc disease' among those presenting with back pain of undetermined diagnosis.
Fifty four of 67 allergic children (81%) had a pathologically reduced capillary resistance (CR) of less than 16 cm Hg. Five of the 13 allergic children with normal CR were treated with corticosteroids. Prednisone improved CR in on patient for at least 24 h, and this was reflected by improvement of hemorrhagic parameters such as bleeding intensity, bleeding pattern and blood loss. There was no correlation between CR and IgE levels. 90% of the symptomatic relatives of allergic children had a reduced CR, but only 44% of asymptomatic relatives. CR presents a simple additional tool for diagnosing allergy and might give hints to the carrier state of allergy.
The effect of topically applied dithranol on the capillary resistance (CR) was studied both in healthy volunteers and in clinically unaffected skin of psoriatic patients. The CR of the psoriatic patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy persons. O.10% and 0.25% dithranol ointment induced a significant decrease of CR in the skin of both groups. This decrease was prevented or at least reduced, if the patients had previously been treated with either the antihistamine clemastine or the cyclooxygenase-inhibitor indomethacin. The effect of dithranol on the CR was also moderated, if 5% coal tar had been added to the dithranol preparation.
The method of mucosal petechiometry, as described by Kozam (1968), was investigated and found to be a valid technique for investigating capillary resistance. Recommendations are made on the use of this technique as a research method.
Applying certain phlogistics (10% ol. sinapis, tinct. capsici, Dionin) and 1.5% histamine solution to the conjunctival sac of rabbits led to a mathematically significant decrease in conjunctival capillary resistance in every experimental animal. The effect occurred 20 to 30 min after application of the various pharmacons.
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Intestinal circulation was studied during in vitro perfusion of denervated small intestine of the cat shortly after release of an in vivo small-bowel obstruction. Blood flow, vascular resistance, capillary filtration, and oxygen consumption were determined. No significant differences were demonstrated between obstructed and non-obstructed intestines. The presently studied facets of small-bowel microcirculation thus exhibit a virtually normal function 30 minutes after decompression of a bowel obstruction. The pertinent literature affords evidence that a distension impairs bowel viability; it would seem that this impairment is rapidly ameliorated following decompression of the bowel.
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