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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Serology of Capillaria philippinensis infection: reactivity of human sera to antigens prepared from Capillaria obsignata and other helminths.

The reactivity of sera from 151 confirmed human cases of Capillaria philippinensis infection was examined by double diffusion and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests chiefly against Capillaria obsignata antigen because of the present unavailability of C. philippinensis antigen. Antigens from additional parasites and other human and animal sera representing a variety of helminthic infections were used for comparison. Of 71 pre-treatment human sera, 56.3% were reactive by double diffusion test and 85.9% by IHA test (titer greater than 1:16) with C. obsignata antigen. C. philippinensis sera were also reactive with Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris vulpis antigens but not with Schistosoma japonicum antigens. Sera from other infections such as with T. spiralis, T. vulpis, and S. japonicum were also reactive with C. obsignata antigen but sera from Trichuris trichiura infection were not. With C. obsignata antigen, IHA titers in human C. philippinensis sera are apparently not related to clinical severity of the disease; the titers remain at fairly stable levels during the course of the illness but may tend to decrease after chemotherapy. The cross-reactivities observed dictate caution in the use and interpretation of any serologic procedure for human intestinal capillariasis; nevertheless, the IHA test using C. obsignata antigen may be a useful addition tool in the study of C. philippinensis infection both for clinical and epidemiologic purposes especially when the efficiency of stool examination is decreased by changes in the reproductive activity of the helminth.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Capillaria brochieri n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariinae) intestinal parasite of the chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) in Zaire].

Capillaria brochieri n. sp. is described in a chimpanzee (Pan paniscus Schwartz, 1929) deceased from diarrhea. The male shows a unique structure of the caudal extremity: two flat paddles, with distal insertion, extend forward on each side of the ventral genital opening. The spicule (1,750 microns in length) shows a flattened anterior extremity and a tapered, curved posterior extremity. The cirrus is non-spiny and very long. Two narrow and very long lateral alae are present. The female bears a vulvar appendage. The egg shell shows an internal dense layer and an external layer of irregular width, showing pores and striations. The paper includes a study of the literature on Capillaria and Anatrichosoma from Primates and Man. C. brochieri is the first species of Capillaria described from the intestine of the chimpanzee. Because of the close analogies between chimpanzee's and man's helminthes, it is possible that C. brochieri has to be considered in human pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Capillaria (Nematoda, Trichuridae) of wild swine (Sus scrofa) in Austria].

Capillaria (Nematoda, Trichuridae) of wild boar in Austria. In a research on Capillaria species with wild boar in Austria 2 species could be found, C. spec. in the stomach and C. garfiai in the tongue. The morphological characteristics of both species were described and represented C. spec. could only be detected in one of 105 stomachs and intestines. C. garfiai, however, could be proved in 77 (= 69%) of 112 examined tongues. C. garfiai which parasitizes in the tongue epithelium causes pathological changes only to a slight degree, so that it is of almost no pathogenic significance. The frequency of infestation with eggs of Capillaria (with a high probability of C. garfiai) was 14.4% of 319 examined samples of faeces. The validity of C. spec. is discussed. Both species were detected at wild boar in Austria for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Preliminary survey of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) in Malaysia.

The prevalence of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) infection in a total of 2324 rats trapped from 25 localities in West Malaysia was 15.5%. Infection rates in males (16.0%) and females (15.1%) are similar. A significantly higher percentage of adults (18.1%) than young (7.7%) was infected. Capillaria hepatica infection rates among urban (0.7%) and jungle (0.0%) rats was very low as compared to field rats (17.7%) trapped from agricultural areas such as oil palm estates and rice growing areas. Prevalence of C. hepatica infection in rats is not evenly distributed throughout West Malaysia. There seem to be localised foci of infection. In some areas as many as 77.8% of the adult rats are found to be infected while in other areas the same species of rats are found free of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A space-occupying lesion in the liver due to Capillaria infection.

A space-occupying lesion 3.5 by 2.0 cm in size caused by Capillaria infection was revealed ultrasonographically in segment 6 (S6) of the liver of a 32-year-old woman from Okinawa, Japan, who was hospitalized with a complaint of pain in the right upper quadrant. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis of 10,400/mm3 with 22% eosinophils and slight impairment of liver function. The tumor was removed surgically and found to be a necrotic granuloma with eosinophilic infiltration formed around a degenerated nematode. The causative agent was presumed to be Capillaria hepatica based on the morphology of the bacillary bands and stichosome observed in the sectioned worm and in the fragments of worm recovered by dissecting the tumor tissue that was embedded in paraffin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Capillaria hepatica infection in coyotes of Louisiana.

Capillaria hepatica infection was diagnosed by histologic examination in 21 of 71 (30%) coyotes in Louisiana. All infected coyotes were at least 1 year old, and most (19 of 21) were more than 2 year years old. Capillaria hepatica was not found in any livers from 31 red foxes and 20 gray foxes examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Scaning electron microscopy of Capillaria muris sylvatici from Clethrionomys glareolus with reference to the zoonotic species.

Species of the genus Capillaria are numerous. Many of them are parasites of different species of vertebrates, including man, causing various pathological manifestations. The taxonomy of the capillariids is a complicated one. In the present study, light and scanning electron microscopes were used to illustrate and clarify the taxonomic features of Capillaria muris sylvatici. This capillus or hair nematode was recovered from the vole Clethrionomys glareolus. The results were discussed with reference to the species encountered in the medical and veterinary fields.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Capillaria hepatica infection of Mastomys natalensis: on the development, egg production and host reaction (author's transl)].

Studies on the development and egg production of Capillaria hepatica and on the macroscopically visible alterations of the liver and spleen of the host were carried out in experimentally infected Mastomys natalensis. Following the oral administration of infective eggs the first stage larvae hatched in the caecum of fasting and fed animals after about 8 and 15 hours respectively. The prepatency could be found with 20 days. The dynamics and duration of egg production of the parasite proved to be dependent on the infective dose. After the first week of patency increasing numbers of eggs/liver were found with increasing doses of infection up to 800 eggs per animal. This relation could not be observed 76 days post infection. After infections with 50, 300 und 800 eggs per animal maximum egg production was found between 60 and 72, 36 and 48 and about 30 days p.i., respectively. The egg production of the parasites correspondently continued for more than 85 days after infection or had ceased 72 or 48 days p.i. Intraperitoneal administration of infective eggs revealed a lower infection rate, evaluated by the number of eggs per liver, than oral infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Immunization against Capillaria hepatica: the effects of primary infections, x-irradiated stages, non-embryonated eggs, and soluble egg extracts (author's transl)].

The influence of primary infections with embryonated infective eggs or with X-irradiated infective eggs, and of non-embryonated eggs, and egg homogenate extracts on challenge infections with Capillaria hepatica was investigated. The worm reproductivity was significantly suppressed in a sublethal challenge infection given 11 days after a primary infection of Mastomys natalensis with 50, 150, 400, and 800 eggs per animal. The administration of 600 X-irradiated (2.2 Krd) embryonated eggs 36 days before challenge as well as an intraperitoneal injection of non-embryonated eggs 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 days before challenge (simulating the egg production of a normal infection) also reduced significantly the egg production of a weak (50 eggs/ animal) infection. No effect was observed on a moderate challenge (300 eggs/animal). The effect was not markedly enhanced by the repeated administration of X-irradiated eggs or by the combination of X-irradiated infective eggs and non-embryonated eggs. Immunization of mice with soluble egg extracts resulted in significant reduction of egg production determined 60 days after challenge. Two hundred and thirty eggs of C. hepatica/g body weight proved to be a lethal infection dose for M. natalensis. The animals died between 20 and 35 days after infection. After single infections with 50, 150, 400, or 800 eggs per animal the mortality of Mastomys challenged 36 or 52 days later was reduced to 0--30%. Using X-irradiated embryonated eggs for immunization only repeated administration led to protection in 70 to 80% of the animals. About 40% of the animals could be protected by the intraperitoneal injection of non-embryonated eggs. If death occurred it was delayed. The combination of X-irradiated stages and eggs did not enhance the protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The geographic distribution and host range of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft) (Nematoda) in Australia.

The geographic distribution, host range and prevalence of Capillaria hepatica were recorded in 4629 house mice, Mus domesticus, 263 black rats, Rattus rattus, and 58 Norway rats, R. norvegicus. The parasite was found at five localities, all in or near large towns along the coast. The two Rattus species appeared to be the primary hosts of C. hepatica in Australia. Published and unpublished data on helminth infections of Australian native mammals from 1162 murids (26 species), 3018 marsupials (67 species) and 99 monotremes (two species) were compiled. Only seven animals from three murid species were infected with C. hepatica; all were from the same rainforest in northern Queensland. C. hepatica was distributed widely, occurring in the house mouse, black rat and Norway rat on a 10,850 ha farm but there was no infection in cattle, sheep or goats (abattoir records). Also, 52 rabbits, four cats and one fox (shot samples) and 27 marsupial mice, Sminthopsis crassicaudata (museum specimens), had no sign of C. hepatica infection. Overall, the results indicate that transmission of C. hepatica to native, domestic and feral mammals is rare, presumably because of ecological constraints on egg embryonation and survival. In the light of these findings, the potential use of C. hepatica as a biological agent to control mouse plagues in Australia is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Occurrence of the lungworms Capillaria and Crenosoma spp. in British hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus).

Fifty-three dead hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were investigated histologically for evidence of lungworm infestation. The faeces of forty-two were examined microscopically for nematode eggs. Thirty-five animals showed parasitic lesions--fourteen Crenosoma only, five Capillaria only and sixteen both. Infestations were characterized by inflammatory changes in the trachea and lung and the presence of worms in other organs. There was some correlation between the finding of parasites in histological sections and the detection of eggs in faeces but, neither method appears completely reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experimental transmission of Capillaria philippinensis to birds.

Capillaria philippinensis larvae from fish and adult and larval forms of the parasite from gerbil intestines established parent infections when given a stomach tube to several species of birds from Taiwan. Adult males, oviparous and larviparous females and larval stages were found in Nycticorax nycticorax, Bubulcus ibis, Ixobrychus sinensis, Gallinula chloropus and Amaurornis phoenicurus. C. philippinensis also developed in pigeons, Rostratula benghalensis, a few Anas spp. and chickens. Some birds died of the infection while others recovered; most could not be re-infected after repeated exposure. Autoinfection also occurred in most birds. Eggs from an egret hatched and the larvae developed in fish intestines. This is the first group of animals indigenous to the endemic area that could be infected with C. philippinensis and although no naturally infected birds have been found in the area, fish-eating birds should be suspected as potential reservoir hosts. A fish-bird life-cycle is thought to be occurring throughout Asia but intestinal capillariasis is reported only in areas where the human population eats raw freshwater fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Can the nematode Capillaria hepatica regulate abundance in wild house mice? Results of enclosure experiments in southeastern Australia.

The hypothesis that a liver-inhabiting nematode, Capillaria hepatica, can regulate abundance of the house mouse (Mus domesticus) was tested in enclosures, in southeastern Australia. Changes in mouse abundance, and the relationship between mortality and host abundance were compared in three treatment and three control populations. Any effect of C. hepatica on mouse abundance was masked by an unknown regulating factor(s). This factor(s) caused density-dependent mortality in the control and treatment populations and, together with strong seasonal trends in parasite transmission, confounded our test of the ability of C. hepatica to regulate the abundance of house mice. The seasonal trends in transmission have important implications for the potential of this parasite as a biological control agent and for models of the interaction of C. hepatica and mouse populations. Transmission of C. hepatica apparently occurred throughout the 18 month study, further supporting its potential as a biological agent in the control of mouse plagues in this region.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Models to assess the potential of Capillaria hepatica to control population outbreaks of house mice.

Population outbreaks of house mice (Mus domesticus) occur periodically in the wheatlands of southeastern Australia. This paper uses mathematical models to assist in the evaluation of the potential of a nematode, Capillaria hepatica, as a biological control agent to reduce the severity of these 'plagues'. C. hepatica is unique amongst helminths of mammals in that its eggs are released only upon the death of an infected host. The major goal of the modelling in this paper is to determine the impact of this feature on the population dynamics of the host-parasite interaction. Simple differential equation models are used to examine the general properties of the system and determine which population parameters are most crucial to the outcome of the interaction. These models are supplemented by age-structured models which investigate the initial behaviour of the system after introduction of the parasite. The necessity of host death for transmission is a strongly destabilizing factor, suggesting that C. hepatica cannot regulate most populations stably in the absence of strong resource limitation, although it has the potential to depress mouse populations below infection-free levels. Although C. hepatica influences mouse fecundity at lower burdens than it affects mortality, the age-structured models show that parasite-induced host death cannot be neglected. Because transmission requires host death, the parasite life-cycle operates on a time-scale similar to that of the hosts, and introduction of the parasite as early as possible in the development period of an outbreak will therefore be necessary to achieve substantial reductions in plague intensity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and effects on egg-laying and hatchability of two dose rates of in-feed fenbendazole for the treatment of Capillaria species infections in chickens.

Laying broiler breeder hens infected with Capillaria obsignata were treated with in-feed fenbendazole either at a dose of 30 ppm for six days or 80 ppm for three days. The respective efficacies of treatment were 92.3 and 99.3 per cent. These results were a reflection of the plasma pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole and its metabolites in the regimens, which showed that the detectable plasma concentrations of the anthelmintically active fenbendazole sulphoxide in the second treatment were significantly greater than the first, with the area under the curve 1.34 times that of treatment 1. Both treatments produced a slight decline in egg production, but only the loss in production with treatment 1 was significant. Hatchability of eggs with both treatments was not significantly affected.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Capillaria hepatica: a cause of septal fibrosis of the liver.

Fine, long, fibrous septa were observed as a late change developing in the acinar zone III of the liver of rats experimentally infected with the helminth Capillaria hepatica. Hepatic septal fibrosis begun 30 days after inoculation of embryonated eggs into the stomach of rats and became clearly evident from the 40th day onwards. Experimental observation was undertaken for 170 days. Septal fibrosis increased progressively with time and was most marked when the parasitic nodules formed around larvae, disintegrating worms and eggs were involving. Septal fibrosis of the liver has not been previously recognized as a manifestation of hepatic capillariasis. The presence of sequestered parasite antigens, probably being slowly released within the liver, appears to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic septal fibrosis observed in rats with C. hepatica infection.

Animals↗