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PubMed2025

Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Gray Wolves (Canis lupus).

The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is the only wild ancestor of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and serves a crucial role in understanding the highly controversial issue of dog origins. Recently, ancient DNA studies on gray wolves from different regions of the Eurasian continent have achieved significant breakthroughs, providing important clues about the dog origins. As one of the potential origin areas for dogs, East Asia has seen some research on ancient dogs; however, reports related to gray wolves remain limited. In this study, we sequenced seven new mitogenomes of ancient gray wolves from Northern China, integrating them with 497 ancient and modern canid mitogenomes from published data. Our results reveal the following: (1) East Asian gray wolves have maintained high genetic diversity from ancient times to the present; (2) multiple haplogroup A gray wolves from Northern China support the hypothesis that Northeastern Eurasia is a core region for dog origins; (3) a deep gray wolf lineage in East Asia has been identified in this study; (4) different mitogenomes concentrated at the Jinchankou site indicate that admixture may have frequently occurred in the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings enhance our understanding of the maternal genetic history of gray wolves in East Asia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oral papillomatosis in coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) of Alberta.

Twelve cases of oral papillomatosis were detected in wild carnivores of Alberta, ten in coyotes (Canis latrans) and two in wolves (Canis lupus). Lesions ranged from mild with a few small papillomas to severe with much of the surface of the lips, tongue and buccal cavity covered with papillomas. Three of five coyotes with severe papillomatosis were in obvious poor health. The gross and histologic lesions are described and the significance of this disease in wild carnivores is discussed.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the transmission of sarcosporidiosis from the steinbock (Capra ibex) at the Gran Paradiso National Park].

Sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (Capra ibex) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of Gran Paradiso National Park, Italian Western Alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. No dogs or cats are allowed inside the Park, to the contrary foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. Feces of Vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected Capra ibex used for the following experiment was living (Gran Nomenon - Chantel - P.N.G.P. Val di Cogne, altitude ranging from 2200 to 2600 m). These feces and feces from foxes collected in different areas of Valle dell'Orco were found positive for sporulated sporocysts which varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. Infected muscles of a Capra ibex (oesophagus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal muscles, etc.) were fed to canidae (Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris), felidae (Felis catus, Felis leo) mustelidae (Putorius putorius furo) and to a prey bird (Falco tinnunculus). One Vulpes vulpes and two Canis familiaris were maintained as control under the same experimental conditions. Only Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris excreted sporulated sporocysts in their feces after 12, 13 and 21 days respectively and for several weeks. These sporocysts varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. All the other animals (Felis catus, Felis leo, Putorius putorius furo and Falco tinnunculus) remained costantly negative during all the experiments. It is concluded that Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris (Canidae) are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis sp. of Capra ibes of P.N.G.P., and that sarcosporidiasis of steinbocks is transmitted inside the Parco (P.N.G.P.) by Vulpes vulpes.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic signatures of the Arctic-adapted North American gray wolf ecotype.

The Arctic Circle is one of Earth's most extreme environments. It features cold temperatures, resource shortages, and near-complete winter darkness. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of a male wolf from the Arctic Archipelago (Canis lupus arctos). Our assembly and that of the related C. l. orion from Greenland was used to identify candidate genic and regulatory features of Arctic-adapted polar wolves, ranging from selection acting on standing variation and amino acid changes in genes to conserved non-exonic elements (CNEEs) that may regulate gene expression. We identified genes and nearby CNEEs associated with thermoregulation (e.g., APOB), coat color and patterning (e.g., GOLGB1), and DNA damage response (e.g., POLQ). In vitro assays supported changes in polar wolf gene (POLQ and TRPV2 amino acid substitutions) and CNEE function. Our report offers insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying polar wolf adaptations, laying a foundation for future studies on Arctic canines.

Amino acid substitutions↗
PubMed2025

Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of domestication in dogs.

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are genomic regions that arise when two copies of identical haplotypes are inherited from a shared common ancestor. In this study, we leverage ROH to identify associations between genetic diversity and non-disease phenotypes in Canis lupus familiaris (dogs). We find significant association between the ROH inbreeding coefficient (FROH) and several phenotypic traits. These traits include height, weight, lifespan, muscled, white coloring of the head and chest, furnishings, and fur length. After correcting for population structure, we identified more than 45 genes across the examined quantitative traits that exceed the threshold for suggestive significance. We observe distinct distributions of inbreeding and elevated levels of long ROH in modern breed dogs compared to more ancient breeds, which aligns with breeding practices during Victorian era breed establishment. Our results highlight the impact of non-additive variation and of polygenicity on complex quantitative phenotypes in dogs due to domestication and the breed formation bottleneck.

GWAS↗
PubMed2026

A SINE-like insertion in intron 13 of the ATP7A gene is associated with a mild form of Menkes-like disease in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

A 7-month-old intact male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was presented for persistent glucosuria despite normoglycemia, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, and cerebellar ataxia. Fanconi syndrome was diagnosed, but the neurologic abnormalities were not fully explained. As a consequence of the early onset Fanconi syndrome, a hereditary process was suspected. Whole genome sequencing identified a private hemizygous SINE-like insertion into the ATP7A gene, at the end of intron 13, near the start of exon 14. In humans, variants in ATP7A are associated with Menkes disease, a disorder of copper metabolism associated with a spectrum of clinical signs including progressive neurodegeneration and connective tissue abnormalities. Clinically affected dogs with variants in ATP7A have not been reported previously. Although this case appears to represent a mild phenotypic presentation of Menkes-like disease, it raises the possibility that copper disorders aside from copper-associated hepatitis might exist in dogs. Further genetic screening and phenotypic characterization of rare genetic variants associated with copper metabolism would be beneficial to expand our knowledge of copper disorders in dogs and allow potential early intervention and modeling for metabolic diseases in humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunodiffusion analysis of plasma proteins in the canine family].

Immunodiffusion studies have been made on the plasma of 9 species (Vulpes vulpes, V. corsak, Alopex lagopus, Canis aureus, C. lupus, C. familiaris, C. dingo, Nyctereutes procynoides, Fennecus zerde) from the family of Canidae using milk antisera. Unlike rabbit antisera used earlier, milk antisera make it possible to detect more significant antigenic divergency with respect to 5 alpha- and beta-globulins. These globulins seem to have a higher evolution rate of antigenic mosaics as compared to other plasma proteins in the family investigated. The family Canidae serologically may be divided into two main groups: 1) the genus Canis which includes the wolf, domestic dog, dingo, jackal and 2) species which significantly differ from the former (the fox, polar fox, dog fox, fennec). In relation to these two groups, the raccoon dog occupies special position.

Animals↗