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Results for “Candida tropicalis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Correlation among different Candida tropicalis, Candida rhagii and Salmonella cholerae suis 0 6,7 antigen].

The immune sera for Candida tropicalis (C. benhamii) CBS-5701, Candida tropicalis (C. vulgaris) CBS-2310 and C. rhagii (C. tropicalis v. rhagii) CBS-618 agglutinated Salmonella cholarae suis 211 (0 6,7). The immune serum for S. cholerae suis agglutinated C. tropicalis (C. benhamii), C. tropicalis (C. vulgaris) and C. rhagii (C. tropicalis v. rhagii). Absorption and agglutination cross tests demonstrated common antigen factors in the tested species and in S. cholerae suis (0 6,7).

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Germ-tube formation by oral strains of Candida tropicalis.

Candida species isolated from the mouths of healthy children and of patients with denture stomatitis included strains of Candida tropicalis that formed germ tubes when incubated in serum. Twenty-six germ-tube-forming strains of C. albicans and of C. tropicalis were subcultured weekly for 9 wk on blood agar and on Sabouraud's agar and the ability of each subculture to form germ tubes was measured. All the strains of C. albicans formed almost as many germ tubes after nine weekly subcultures as they did when first isolated. By contrast, although all 26 strains of C. tropicalis formed germ tubes when first isolated, all had lost the ability to do so after six serial weekly subcultures. Germ-tube formation should not be the sole criterion for the identification of oral C. albicans strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Recombination after protoplast fusion in the yeast Candida tropicalis.

Candida tropicalis protoplasts obtained by snail enzyme treatment were induced to fuse by the use of polyethylene-glycol. Heterokaryons formed by two auxotrophic strains were selected by complementation on minimal medium. These heterokaryons were unstable and readily dissociated into their nuclear components. Under appropriate conditions, the parental nuclei of an heterokaryon fused. The homokaryon so obtained was unstable and segregated into various types of auxotrophic and prototrophic recombinants.

Candida↗
PubMed2026

Genomic features, metabolism, and biotechnological applications of Candida tropicalis and other non-albicans Candida species.

The production of bio-based products by yeasts from agroindustrial byproducts is a key strategy for advancing circular bioeconomy. While Saccharomyces species remain the predominant industrial yeasts, their limited ability to assimilate lactose, pentoses, and glycerol, as well as their sensitivity to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, restricts their efficient application in bioprocesses based on using industrial byproducts as fermentation media. In contrast, several non-albicans Candida species exhibit broad substrate utilization capacities and enhanced tolerance to industrial stresses, making them attractive candidates for the bioconversion of agroindustrial residues. This review critically examines recent advances in the genomic, metabolic, and physiological characterization of promising non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida viswanathii, Candida sojae, and Candida maltosa. Emphasis is given to genome-scale metabolic models, carbon assimilation pathways, stress-response mechanisms, and metabolic engineering approaches aiming at the production of value-added compounds. By identifying current achievements, knowledge gaps, and biotechnological bottlenecks, this review highlights the potential of these yeasts as emerging platforms for sustainable bioprocesses within a circular bioeconomy framework.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1979

Hydroxylase regulation in Candida tropicalis grown on alkanes.

Candida tropicalis synthesizes a hydroxylase (3 to 5 nmol of product formed per minute per milligram of protein) and a cytochrome P-450 (0.10 to 0.13 nmol per milligram of protein) during growth on n-tetradecane. A three- to four-fold increase in the level of NADPH cytochrome c reductase is also observed in those cells as compared to the level of cells grown on glycerol. The most efficient inducers of the hydroxylase and of cytochrome P-450 are straight-chain alkanes having at least 10 carbon atoms. Alkenes and higher alcohols are also good inducers. There is little or no growth on ramified hydrocarbons such as pristane and on long-chain aldehydes and fatty acids. The partial inhibition of growth on decane is probably due to the denaturation of the microsomal electron carrier systems by the fatty acid formed by hydroxylation of the decane in the yeast.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and characterization of a polyene-resistant variant of Candida tropicalis.

An atypical variant of Candida tropicalis was recovered from multiple specimens from a patient who had been a recipient of a bone marrow transplant. This yeast variant showed atypical morphology on corn meal agar distinguishable from typical isolates of C. tropicalis by the production of clusters of blastospores. Isolates of the variant produced acid, but no gas, from maltose and sucrose in fermentation tests. Isolates from blood, pleural fluid, respiratory secretions, and stool specimens were susceptible to amphotericin B and nystatin in an agar dilution system. However, eight isolates of the variant C. tropicalis recovered over a period of 4 weeks from the patient's urine after amphotericin B therapy were found to be resistant to amphotericin B and nystatin. The isolate recovered after 7 days of therapy had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 100 micrograms of amphotericin B and 20 micrograms of nystatin per ml, whereas the seven isolates recovered subsequently had minimal inhibitory concentrations of greater than 500 micrograms of amphotericin B and 50 micrograms of nystatin per ml. The resistant isolates concomitantly lost the capacity to utilize amino acids that susceptible isolates could utilize. Ultraviolet absorption spectra of nonsaponifiable fractions of whole cells showed that resistant isolates lacked ergosterol, which susceptible isolates contained.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ATP content in Candida tropicalis cells growing at different temperatures].

The thermotolerant yeast Candida tropicalis, strain T-20, was cultivated on a chemically defined medium with glucose or malt wort in flasks with shaking at three temperatures: optimal (36degreesC), supraoptimal (38degreesC) and submaximal (41degreesC). An increase of temperature within these limits caused an increase in ATP content in yeast cells and a decrease in phosphohydrolase (ATPase) activity.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Growth of Candida tropicalis 2838 cells on straw hydrolyzates.

Improved strain of Candida tropicalis 2838 grows on nonseparated straw hydrolyzates with no addition of vitamins and trace elements at a specific growth rate mu = 0.34 and 44% yield coefficient (referred to reducing substances). The reducing substances in hydrolyzates contain predominantly monosaccharides (xylose, glucose, arabinose, mannose). Cells grown in this way are rich in proteins (62%) and essential amino acids (lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, threonine and valine). The product obtained under industrial conditions by fermentation of the nonseparated hydrolyzates contains 8--9% of proteins and it is a suitable supplement of fodder mixtures for monogastric domestic animals. Nutrition tests on rats and pigs indicated that this product can substitute the hay-flour, and, partially, blood-flour barley, and that the strain used is nonpathogenic.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Diploid formation of Candida tropicalis via protoplast fusion.

Haploid auxotrophic mutants were produced from Candida tropicalis, and protoplast usion was induced by polyethylene glycol. The resulting nutritional complementation was due to heterokaryon formation and, at a much lower frequenty, to spontaneous diploidization. During cultivation, heterokaryotic clones regularly gave rise to heterozygous diploids from which, in turn, haploids could be isolated. The technique of protoplast fusion gives an opportunity for genetic analysis of this and similarly asexual fungal species.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and characteristics of the lipid granules of Candida tropicalis yeasts].

Preparative isolation of lipid granules from the protoplasts of Candida tropicalis was conducted by a technique of flotation in a stepwise density gradient. Parameters were selected for decomposing the protoplasts under hypotonic and isotonic conditions which made it possible to preserve the lipid granules being isolated intact, as well as parameters of a density gradient and centrifugation. The specific content of lipids, proteins and low molecular weight compounds was assayed using labeled compounds in the lipid granules which were isolated from yeast cells cultivated on various carbon substrates (1-6(-14C)-glucose and 1(-14C-octadecane). The lipid composition of the spherosomes was determined. If the yeast was grown on glucose, lipids localized in the lipid granules were represented mainly by triglycerides whose carbon constituted 69 per cent of the total lipid carbon. If it was cultivated on n-octadecane, these lipids were represented by hydrocarbons (51 per cent) and triglycerides (22 per cent). The structures isolated possessed a small lipase activity. The specific lipase activity of the lipid granules was lower by 16 per cent than that of the cell protoplast.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Purification and properties of the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Candida tropicalis feed yeasts].

From the cell-free extract of fodder yeast Candida tropicalis NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase was isolated and partially purified (75-fold) by means of fractional precipitation by ammonium sulphate and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The preparation was investigated with the aid of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic characteristics of the enzyme in the cell-free extract and partially purified preparation were derived.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Fatty acid beta-oxidation system in microbodies of n-alkane-grown Candida tropicalis.

Localization of fatty acid beta-oxidation system in microbodies of Candida tropicalis cells growing on n-alkanes was studied. Microbodies isolated from the yeast cells showed palmitate-dependent activities of NAD reduction, acetyl-CoA formation and oxygen consumption. When sodium azide, an inhibitor of catalase, was added to the system, palmitate-dependent formation of hydrogen peroxide was observed. Stoichiometric study revealed that two moles of NAD were reduced per one mole of oxygen consumed in the absence of sodium azide and the presence of the inhibitor doubled the oxygen consumption by microbodies without an appreciable change in NAD reduction. These results indicate that the yeast microbodies contain beta-oxidation system of fatty acid, and that catalase located in the organelles participates in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide to be formed at the step of dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparatory metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in Candida tropicalis].

A technique of experimental adaptation was used to obtain mutants of Candida tropicalis which were able to utilize p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. The preparatory metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoic acid involves the following stages: PHBA leads to quinol leads to hydroxyquinol leads to maleylacetic acid leads to beta-ketoadipic acid. The enzyme system which catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of PHBA mediates also oxidative decarboxylation of protocatechuic, beta-resorcylic and gallic acids, i.e. compounds having a hydroxyl group in para position with respect to the carboxyl of hydroxyl derivatives of benzoic acid. Benzoic, salicyclic and gentisic acids are not substrates of this enzyme system. A technique is proposed for rapid indentification of beta-ketoadipic acid by thin-layer chromatography. The authors believe that methods used to study preparatory metabolism, on the basis of the Stanier theory of "simultaneous adaptation", are not quite reliable and may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Candida↗
PubMed1977

Mixed cultures of different yeasts species and yeasts with filamentous fungi in the SCP production. I. Production of single cell protein by mixed cultures Candida lipolytica and Candida tropicalis.

The aim of this study was to determine the application of mixed cultures Candida lipolytica and Candida tropicalis in the SCP production. N-paraffin fraction of crude oil and individual n-alkanes C:7--C:17 and glucose were used as carbon sources. The cultures were grown on laboratory scale in shaking flasks and in a 7 1 fermentor. It was found that the mixed cultures gave about 18% higher yield of biomass than the individual cultures.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1978

Plasma membranes from Candida tropicalis grown on glucose or hexadecane. I. Isolation, identification and purification.

Plasma membranes from Candida tropicalis grown on glucose or hexadecane were isolated using a method based on the difference in surface charge of mitochondria and plasma membranes. After mechanical disruption of the cells, a fraction consisting of mitochondrial and plasma membrane vesicles was obtained by differential centrifugation. Subsequently the mitochondria were separated from the plasma membrane vesicles by aggregation of the mitochondria at a pH corresponding to their isoelectric point. Additional purification of the isolated plasma membrane vesicles was achieved by osmolysis. Surface charge densities of mitochondria and plasma membranes were determined and showed substrate-dependent differences. The isolated plasma membranes were morphologically characterized by electron microscopy and, as a marker enzyme, the activity of Mg2+-dependent ATPase was determine. By checking for three mitochondrial marker enzymes the plasma membrane fractions were estimated to be 94% pure with regard to mitochondrial contamination.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

Candida tropicalis arthritis - assessment of amphotericin B therapy.

A 28 year old male heroin addict developed Candida tropicalis infection of the knee joint in association with candidemia. Assessment of amphotericin B therapy was facilitated by the determination of serum and synovial fluid amphotericin B concentrations using a radiometric bio-assay method. The results indicate that adequate synovial fluid drug levels were achieved with intravenous systemic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chemical and structural alterations at the cell surface of Candida tropicalis, induced by hydrocarbon substrate.

The surface-localized polysaccharide of alkane-grown cells of Candida tropicalis was identified as mannan containing approximately 4% covalently linked fatty acids. Glucose-grown cells lacked the mannan-fatty acid complex. The surface structure of alkane-grown cells showed a radial arrangement of the wall polymers, with protruding parts. The cell surface of glucose-grown cells was smooth, with a coherent outer limit. The mannan was localized by using concanavalin A. Masking of the mannan with concanavalin A reduced the binding affinity of the surface for alkane, indicating the involvement of the surface-localized mannan-fatty acid complex in the binding of alkanes.

Alkanes↗