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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

The amino acid sequence of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and mute swan (Cygnus olor) hemoglobins. Two different species with identical beta-chains.

The amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component (HbA) of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and mute swan (Cygnus olor) are given. The alpha-chains are of the alpha A-type, since alpha D-type was expressed but only found in low concentrations. By homologous comparison, greylag goose hemoglobin (Anser anser) and Canada goose hemoglobin alpha-chains differ by two exchanges, and beta-chains by three exchanges. A valine substitution for threonine was found at position alpha 34 (B15). This exchange is a result of a two point mutation. Thus, there are three nucleotide mutations in alpha-chains, as in beta-chains. Substitutions in positions alpha 34 (B15) and beta 125 (H3) have modified intersubunit contacts (alpha 1 beta 1-contacts). A comparison of mute swan hemoglobin with greylag goose hemoglobin shows four exchanges in alpha-chains and three in beta-chains. Canada goose and mute swan have identical beta-chains, while alpha-chains differ in two amino acids. One of these exchanges is implicated in one of the alpha 1 beta 1-contact points (alpha 34) where isoleucine substitution for valine was found. Comparison of hemoglobins from different species in the same tribe (Anserini) shows a high homology between Canada goose and mute swan hemoglobins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

High-altitude respiration of birds. The primary structures of the alpha D-chains of the Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus), the Greylag Goose(Anser anser) and the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis).

The primary structures of the alpha D-chains of the minor component Hb D of Anser indicus, Anser anser and Branta canadensis are presented. Following chain separation by RP-HPLC, the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic Edman degradation of the globin chains and the tryptic peptides. The three chains show a high degree of homology. For the high altitude respiration the alpha 1 beta 1 interface at position alpha 119 is important. For the Bar-headed Goose a mechanism for high altitude respiration involving both Hb A having alanine at position 119 and Hb D having proline at that position is suggested. Furthermore, a possible genetical development of the avian alpha D-gene expression based on a new B alpha-box mutation in the three geese and an unusual 5' splice junction (GT/GC-transition) in the duck gene is discussed. We consider the possibility that the alpha D-gene is an intermediate between a functional gene, reduced in its expression, and a pseudogene.

Altitude↗
PubMed2002

mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Brantacanadensis).

Phylogenetic analysis of 1.35 kb of mtDNA sequence from fossils revealed a previously unknown radiation of Hawaiian geese, of which only one representative remains alive (the endangered Hawaiian goose or nene, Branta sandvicensis). This radiation is nested phylogenetically within a living species, the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and is related most closely to the large-bodied lineage within that species. The barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) is also nested within the Canada goose species and is related most closely to the small-bodied lineage of Canada geese. The peripheral isolation of the barnacle goose in the Palearctic apparently allowed the evolution of its distinctive plumage pattern, whereas the two Nearctic lineages of Canada geese share a primitive plumage pattern. The Hawaiian lineage of Canada geese diverged more dramatically, splitting into at least three species that differ in body size, body proportions, and flight ability. One fossil species, limited to the island of Hawaii, was related closely to the nene but was over four times larger, flightless, heavy-bodied and had a much more robust cranium. Application of a rate calibration to levels of DNA divergence suggests that this species evolved on the island of Hawaii in less than 500,000 years. This date is consistent with the potassium/argon-based age of the island of Hawaii of 430,000-500,000 years. The giant Hawaii goose resembles the moa-nalos, a group of massive, extinct, flightless ducks that lived on older Hawaiian Islands and thus is an example of convergent evolution of similar morphologies in island ecosystems.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of Cryptococcus laurentii from Canada Goose guano in rural upstate New York.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are etiologic agents of cryptococcal pneumonia and meningitis, potentially lethal syndromes associated with AIDS. A related species, Cryptococcus laurentii, has recently been implicated in several cases of human disease. Guano from Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), an organism that lives closely beside man and inhabits recreational space in rural and suburban areas, might be a significant environmental reservoir of Cryptococcus organisms in non-urban areas. Cryptococcal organisms were isolated from Canada Goose guano from a site in rural northern New York, with identification based upon colony and microscopic morphology, ability to metabolize L: -Dopa to melanin, and positive reaction with a commercial anti-cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide latex bead agglutination test. DNA sequences from five positive isolates were identical to each other, and identical to the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of C. laurentii strain CBS7140 (Accession AY315665) across a 511 bp sequence. All five isolates of C. laurentii possess three of the known virulence factors common to cryptococcal organisms that cause human disease: capsule, ability to grow at 37 degrees C, and laccase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Canada goose (Branta canadensis) droppings as a potential source of pathogenic bacteria.

Canada goose droppings, collected in parks to which the public had access, were screened for a range of bacteria that could be pathogenic in man. Droppings of Canada geese, and other waterfowl, did contain such bacteria, including some that are well-known causes of illness in man. These bacteria, plus a species of Salmonella that was experimentally inoculated into droppings, were shown to survive and multiply in the droppings for up to one month after their deposition by geese. Canada geese ranged further from water than other waterfowl species and thus distributed their droppings over a larger area of park grassland. This more widespread distribution of their droppings leads Canada geese to pose a greater potential health risk than other waterfowl studied here, but variations in human responses to challenge with bacteria, and variations in human and waterfowl behaviour in public parks, renders quantification of this risk impossible.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Seasonal changes in serum free fatty acid level in the migratory Canada goose.

The changes in the serum level of free fatty acids (FFA) in the migratory Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) breeding in Ft. Churchill (Manitoba, Canada) and wintering in Swan Lake (Missouri, U.S.A.), were studied during the different periods of its yearly life cycle. The lowest serum FFA level was noted during the spring premigratory phase (early March) at Swan Lake, and the highest during moult (early August) at Ft. Churchill. Serum FFA level during the spring postmigratory period (early May at Ft. Churchill) was significantly higher than that during the spring premigratory period and the breeding period (early at Ft. Churchill). No signigicant difference in FFA levels was noted between the fall premigratory (early September at Ft. Churchill) and the fall postmigratory (mid-October at Swan Lake) periods. The significance of the seasonal variations in serum FFA level is discussed in relation to the cyclic physiological events taking place in the bird.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Seasonal changes in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in the migratory Canada goose.

Seasonal changes in plasma levels of LH and GH in the Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) have been studied. The population examined breeds in the Canadian subarctic region (Fort Churchill, Manitoba) and winters in the southern United States (Swan Lake Refuge, Missouri). Peak levels of LH were observed during spring postmigratory (nestbuilding, early May) and nesting (incubating, early June) periods, while no significant differences were observed during the other periods studied. The highest levels of GH were observed during molting (late July) and the immediately following fall premigratory (early September) period.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal immunocytochemical and ultrastructural changes in the neurohypophysis of the migratory Canada goose.

Immunocytochemical localization of arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the neurohypophysis of the migratory Canada goose was studied during six periods (Spring premigratory, Spring postmigratory, breeding, moulting, Fall or Autumn premigratory, and Fall postmigratory) of its annual life cycle. Ultrastructural changes in the pars nervosa, with emphasis on the axonal endings, were also examined during the above periods. In the Spring premigratory period, the staining intensity for AVT was greater in the anterior median eminence than in the pars nervosa where the density of axonal secretory granules was lower than that in the preceding period, in both sexes. During moulting females seemed to be under greater osmotic stress than males as indicated by low AVT staining intensity and secretory granule concentration in the pars nervosa. The occurrence of considerable amounts of lipofuscin bodies in the pars nervosa of both sexes during moulting was indicative of high lysosomal activity in the pituicytes. AVT release is recognized as a significant event in initiating Spring migration.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1980

Avian pox infection in a Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

Lesions suggestive of Avian Pox were found on a debilitated Canada goose (Branta canadensis). These were demonstrated histologically to be characteristic poxvirus lesions and poxvirus particles were seen using electron microscopy. The virus was successfully transmitted to domestic geese but not to leghorn chickens or to domestic ducks.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of environmental lead poisoning on the breast muscle of the Canada goose: an ultrastructural study.

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) showing symptoms of lead poisoning were collected from their natural habitat, and their pectoralis muscle was examined for ultrastructural changes. Both the red and white fibre types showed pathological changes. In some red fibres, there were prominent accumulations of glycogen granules, occasionally membrane-bound, at certain spots, and of lipid droplets. Glycogen and lipid were also located within mitochondria. When lipid droplets were sparse in a certain fibre, occurrence of fused mitochondria often with distorted cristae, was observed. Swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae and dense intramitochondrial inclusions were present. Lysosomes and areas of mitochondrial degeneration were also seen. Dilatation of the terminal cisternae of the sacroplasmic reticulum and of the T-system was also observed in the red fibres. In the white fibres, enormous accumulations of glycogen granules were present and the cristae of mitochondria were often disrupted. In some white fibres the triads and Z-lines were in a state of severe disarray. The nuclei in both the fibre types appeared to be normal and did not contain the typical intranuclear inclusion bodies present in kidney and liver cells of lead poisoned animals and humans. It is suggested that, in the goose, lead has a diabetogenic effect, which in the breast muscle, is manifested in the large accumulations of glycogen and the disruption of glycolytic metabolism. Lead poisoning also affects mitochondrial structure and function leading to adverse effects on oxidative metabolism in the muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of Actinobacillus suis from a Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

Blindness from conjunctivitis caused by Actinobacillus suis was found in a Canada goose (Branta canadensis) from a wildlife refuge in Kentucky. Lesions were not observed elsewhere and other body organs were grossly normal. Actinobacillus spp. in birds is rare and this is apparently the first report of conjunctivitis resulting from this infection in waterfowl.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liposarcoma in a Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

A multicentric liposarcoma was identified in various skeletal muscles of a mature Canada goose. The light and electron microscopic appearance of the tumor is discussed in relation to the appearance of liposarcoma in other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Oesophageal impaction in a Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

An oesophageal impaction, consisting of plant material and nylon fishing line, and alimentary parasitism were diagnosed and treated in a Canada goose. At presentation the bird was non-ambulatory with flaccid neck muscles, lethargic, emaciated, dehydrated and had watery brown to green faeces. Palpation of the neck revealed a solid tubular mass ventrally in the mid-cervical region with gritty material cranial to it. Radiographs disclosed an oesophageal mass containing seed or grit-like radio-opaque material, and dilated cranial oesophagus containing radio-opaque material. Laboratory investigations revealed non-regenerative anaemia, heterophilia, lymphopenia, hypoproteinaemia, and many strongyle eggs in faeces. Treatment included supportive therapy, oesophageal gavage, oesophagotomy and drug therapy. The bird recovered and was released 27 days after initial presentation.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes of the giant Canada goose Branta canadensis maximus.

The activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes, (i) external intercostal, (ii) appendicocostalis and (iii) external oblique, were examined using patch and sew-through electrodes during sitting, standing and moderate speed treadmill running in the giant Canada goose. The external intercostal muscles demonstrated no respiratory activity, being active only during running, suggesting they play some role in trunk stabilisation. The appendicocostalis and external oblique muscles are respiratory muscles, being active during inspiration and expiration, respectively. The activity of the appendicocostalis muscles increased during sitting, suggesting that the uncinate processes in birds play an important role in facilitating lateral flaring of the rib cage when sternal rocking is prevented. We suggest that the uncinate processes in birds facilitate movements of the ribs and sternum during breathing and therefore are integral to the breathing mechanics of birds.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Biologic and molecular characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia), and cats (Felis catus).

Toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. Type I isolates are considered virulent to outbred mice, whereas Type II and III isolates are not. In the present report, viable T. gondii was isolated for the first time from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), and black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia). For the isolation of T. gondii, tissues were bioassayed in mice, and genotyping was based on the SAG2 locus. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 3 of 6 skunks, 1 of 4 Canada geese, and 2 of 2 feral cats (Felis catus) from Mississippi. All donor animals were asymptomatic. Viable T. gondii was also isolated from 5 of 5 lories that had died of acute toxoplasmosis in an aviary in South Carolina. Genotypes of T. gondii isolates were Type III (all skunks, lories, and the goose) and Type II (both cats). All 5 Type III isolates from birds and 2 of the 3 isolates from skunks were mouse virulent.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Canada goose posterior lobe pituicytes: seasonal ultrastructural changes in relation to axonal release of neurosecretion.

Changes in ultrastructure of the posterior lobe pituicytes during six phases (Spring premigratory, Spring postmigratory, breeding, moulting, Fall premigratory and Fall postmigratory) of the annual life cycle of the migratory Canada goose, were studied. Pituicyte nuclear volume in females was significantly greater than that in males during the Spring premigratory and moulting phases. In the Fall postmigratory phase, nuclear volume in males was greater than that in females. During Spring premigratory phase, the axonal endings in males contained fewer neurosecretory granules (NSG) than those in the Fall postmigratory phase. In females, however, the number of NSG was relatively more than that in males in the Spring premigratory phase but fewer in the moulting phase. Nuclear volume is correlated with pituicyte function in releasing NSG containing arginine vasotocin (AVT) from axonal endings. The significance of AVT release is discussed in relation to initiation of reproductive and migratory behaviour, and to osmotic and metabolic regulation.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute copper toxicosis in the Canada goose.

Acute copper toxicosis resulted in Canada geese, Branta canadensis, following ingestion of copper sulfate at about 600mg/kg from a small man-made pond on a game farm. The lesions were those associated with copper toxicosis in other avian species. The primary pathologic change was necrosis and sloughing of the proventriculus and gizzard. A greenish discoloration of the lungs also occurred.

Animals↗