Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Campylobacter”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Genomic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the Ethiopian dairy supply chain.

Campylobacteriosis outbreaks have previously been linked to dairy foods. While the genetic diversity of Campylobacter is well understood in high-income countries, it is largely unknown in low-income countries, such as Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to conduct the first genomic characterization of Campylobacter isolates from the Ethiopian dairy supply chain to aid in future epidemiological studies. Fourteen C. jejuni and four C. coli isolates were whole genome sequenced using an Illumina platform. Sequences were analyzed using the bioinformatics tools in the GalaxyTrakr platform to identify MLST types, and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and infer phylogenetic relationships among the studied isolates. Assembled genomes were further screened to detect antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene sequences. Among 14 C. jejuni, ST 2084 and ST 51, which belong to the clonal complexes ST-353 and ST-443, respectively, were identified. Among the 4 sequenced C. coli isolates, two isolates belonged to ST 1628 and two to ST 830 from the clonal complex ST-828. The isolates of C. jejuni ST 2084 and ST 51 carried β-lactam resistance gene blaOXA-605, a fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutation T86I in the gryA gene, and a macrolide resistance-associated mutation A103V in 50S L22. Only ST 2084 isolates carried the tetracycline resistance gene tetO. Conversely, all four C. coli ST 830 and ST 1628 isolates carried tetO, but only ST 1628 isolates also carried blaOXA-605. Lastly, C. jejuni ST 2084 isolates carried a total of 89 virulence genes, and ST 51 isolates carried up to 88 virulence genes. Among C. coli, ST 830 isolates carried 71 genes involved in virulence, whereas two ST 1628 isolates carried up to 82 genes involved in virulence. Isolates from all identified STs have previously been isolated from human clinical cases, demonstrating a potential food safety concern. This finding warrants further monitoring of Campylobacter in dairy foods in Ethiopia to better understand and manage the risks associated with Campylobacter contamination and transmission.

Campylobacter coli↗
PubMed2026

Thirty-six draft genome sequences of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates in no-antibiotics-ever and conventionally raised broiler samples from retail stores.

We describe the draft genomic sequences of 36 isolates of Campylobacter spp. from no-antibiotics-ever and conventionally raised broiler products, comprising 27 Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 9 Campylobacter coli isolates. The genomic features described in this report may facilitate our ability to develop strategies to control and eliminate Campylobacter during poultry production and processing.

Campylobacter coli↗
PubMed1979

Comparative efficacy of ten commercial Campylobacter fetus vaccines in the pregnant guinea pig: challenge with Campylobacter fetus serotype A.

Efficacy of ten commercial Campylobacter fetus vaccines was tested in pregnant guinea pigs and compared with that of an experimental vaccine prepared from the challenge-exposure strain. If the first lot of vaccine failed to protect 50% of the guinea pigs, one or two additional lots of that vaccine were purchased and retested. Three vaccines for cattle, evaluated, as the most effective of those tested, protected 62%, 72%, and 89% of the guinea pigs from abortion; the experimental vaccine protected 98%. The two vaccines for sheep protected 50% and 61% of the guinea pigs from abortion. With the other five vaccines produced for immunizing cattle, protection was from 0% to 36%, with the exception of one lot of a vaccine that protected 74%. Blood infection was found at necropsy in only 6% of the guinea pigs given vaccines that protected 50% or more from abortion, but was found in 66% of those given vaccines that protected less than 50%. Similarly, tissue infection was found at necropsy in only 18% of the guinea pigs given vaccines that protected more than 50%, but was found in 91% of those given vaccines that protected less than 50% from abortion. Oil-emulsion adjuvants appeared to enhance protection from abortion and infection. Nodules persisted at the injection site in most of the guinea pigs immunized with vaccines containing oil-emulsion adjuvants, but rarely persisted in guinea pigs given aqueous-phase adjuvant vaccines. Comparison of efficacy of the vaccines in guinea pigs with efficacy in sheep and cattle remains to be made.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2025

Host clustering of Campylobacter species and enteric pathogens in a longitudinal cohort of infants, family members and livestock in rural Eastern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Livestock are recognized as major reservoirs for Campylobacter species and other enteric pathogens, posing infection risks to humans. High prevalence of Campylobacter during early childhood has been linked to environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting, particularly in low-resource settings. METHODS: A total of 280 samples from Campylobacter positive households with complete metadata were analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis via the CZ-ID metagenomic pipeline (Illumina mNGS Pipeline v7.1). Further statistical analyses in JMP PRO 16 explored the microbiome, emphasizing Campylobacter and other enteric pathogens. Two-way hierarchical clustering and split k-mer analysis examined host structuring, patterns of co-infections and genetic relationships. Principal component analysis was used to characterize microbiome composition across the seven sample types. RESULTS: The study identified that microbiome composition was strongly host-driven, with more than 3844 genera detected, and two principal components explaining 62% of the total variation. Twenty-one dominant (based on relative abundance) Campylobacter species showed distinct clustering patterns for humans, ruminants, and broad hosts. The broad-host cluster included the most prevalent species, C. jejuni, C. concisus, and C. coli, present across sample types and a sub-cluster within C. jejuni involving humans, chickens, and ruminants. Campylobacter species from chickens showed strong positive correlations with mothers (r = 0.76), siblings (r = 0.61) and infants (r = 0.54), while co-occurrence analysis found a higher likelihood (Pr > 0.5) of pairs such as C. jejuni with C. coli, C. concisus, and C. showae. Analysis of the top 50 most abundant microbial taxa showed a distinct cluster uniquely present in human stool and absent in all livestock. The study also found frequent co-occurrence of C. jejuni with other enteric pathogens such as Salmonella, and Shigella, particularly in human and chicken. Additionally, instances of Candidatus Campylobacter infans (C. infans) were identified co-occurring with Salmonella and Shigella species in stool samples from infants, mothers, and siblings. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive analysis of Campylobacter diversity in humans and livestock in a low-resource setting revealed that infants can be exposed to multiple Campylobacter species early in life. C. jejuni is the dominant species with a propensity for co-occurrence with other notable enteric bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella, and Shigella, especially among infants. Video Abstract.

Animals↗
PubMed2024

Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socioenvironmental Factors Impacting the Campylobacter Burden among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective.

Increasing attention has focused on health outcomes of Campylobacter infections among children younger than 5 years in low-resource settings. Recent evidence suggests that colonization by Campylobacter species contributes to environmental enteric dysfunction, malnutrition, and growth faltering in young children. Campylobacter species are zoonotic, and factors from humans, animals, and the environment are involved in transmission. Few studies have assessed geospatial effects of environmental factors along with human and animal factors on Campylobacter infections. Here, we leveraged Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction project data to model multiple socioenvironmental factors on Campylobacter burden among infants in eastern Ethiopia. Stool samples from 106 infants were collected monthly from birth through the first year of life (December 2020-June 2022). Genus-specific TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect and quantify Campylobacter spp. and calculate cumulative Campylobacter burden for each child as the outcome variable. Thirteen regional environmental covariates describing topography, climate, vegetation, soil, and human population density were combined with household demographics, livelihoods/wealth, livestock ownership, and child-animal interactions as explanatory variables. We dichotomized continuous outcome and explanatory variables and built logistic regression models for the first and second halves of the infant's first year of life. Infants being female, living in households with cattle, reported to have physical contact with animals, or reported to have mouthed soil or animal feces had increased odds of higher cumulative Campylobacter burden. Future interventions should focus on infant-specific transmission pathways and create adequate separation of domestic animals from humans to prevent potential fecal exposures.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Prevalence, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. among children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Campylobacter species are major causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, yet their burden remains underestimated in West Africa due to diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. From 1 May 2023 to 30 April 2024, 383 stool samples were collected at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P&#xe9;diatrique Charles de Gaulle. Samples were analyzed using standard culture on Karmali selective agar and biochemical identification via the API Campy system. AMR testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 33 samples (8.6% prevalence). Infection was significantly associated with the 12-23 months age group (48.5%; P < 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni was the most common species (42.4%), followed by C. coli (21.2%) and C. fetus subsp. fetus (21.2%). Other species included C. hyointestinalis (6.1%), C. sputorum (6.1%), and C. lari (3.0%). Alarmingly, 100% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. High resistance rates were also observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.9%) and ciprofloxacin (75.8%). Gentamicin showed the highest susceptibility (57.6%). All isolates (100%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). These results highlight a high prevalence of MDR Campylobacter in Ouagadougou, with total resistance to erythromycin, the first-line treatment. The identification of C. fetus at 42&#xb0;C suggests a high environmental and zoonotic pressure. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and updated clinical management guidelines for pediatric diarrhea in the region.IMPORTANCEThis study highlights the burden and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. among children under five with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso. Culture-based detection identified Campylobacter in 8.6% of children, confirming its role as an important but under-recognized cause of pediatric diarrheal disease. High levels of antimicrobial resistance, including complete resistance to erythromycin, raise concerns about the effectiveness of commonly used treatment options. The identification of multiple Campylobacter species, including C. fetus, suggests a broader diversity of circulating strains and possible zoonotic transmission pathways. These findings provide valuable baseline data to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance, improve diagnostic practices, and support evidence-based treatment strategies in West African settings.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The isolation and nature of campylobacters (microaerophilic vibrios) from laboratory and wild rodents.

Faeces voided by eight species of laboratory or feral rodents were cultured for campylobacters by means of selective methods. Campylobacters were isolated from bank voles and from rats, but not from rabbits, laboratory mice, hamsters, guinea-pigs, field mice or field voles. In routine biochemical tests isolates from bank voles resembled a type of Campylobacter fetus that causes infectious infertility in cattle; isolates from rats resembled Campylobacter coli associated with swine dysentery. Electrophoretograms of acid plus phenol soluble proteins revealed striking differences between isolates from rodents, C. fetus and C coli. It is concluded that campylobacters are more widespread in rodents than hitherto realised, and that routine methods for differentiating campylobacters do not allow an adequate correlation with pathogenicity or habitat.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Dual-species interactions with intestinal bacteria drive multi-drug resistance in Campylobacter.

OBJECTIVES: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter infections are an increasing clinical concern, as rising fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance leaves macrolides as the primary treatment option. We investigated multidrug resistance in clinical Campylobacter samples from Germany. METHODS: We analyzed 6980 clinical isolates (2010-2022), performing phenotypic susceptibility testing and sequencing on 2912 genomes. Cultures showing multidrug resistance were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: We found that 453 (6%) Campylobacter samples were resistant to both FQ and macrolides. Two of the C. jejuni samples were resistant to antibiotics from ten different classes. Genome analysis revealed that these samples, despite being derived from single colonies, contained >10% Enterococcus DNA reads. SEM confirmed the presence of coccoid bacteria interspersed with spiral-shaped Campylobacter. Additional culture-based purification resulted in pure C. jejuni isolates that retained FQR but lost macrolide resistance. The presence of MDR Enterococcus spp. in the mixed samples protected C. jejuni from above-MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) concentrations of several ribosome-targeting antimicrobials whereas pure Campylobacter were susceptible. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of microbial interactions on resistance phenotypes is poorly understood. We show that close interactions with highly resistant intestinal bacteria can induce multidrug resistance phenotypes in Campylobacter. These findings highlight that microbial context shapes antibiotic resistance and may influence treatment outcomes.

Campylobacter jejuni↗
PubMed1978

Campylobacter enteritis associated with canine infection.

Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has recently been recognised as a human enteric pathogen. Five cases of campylobacter enteritis are described. All five patients had abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Two of the five patients had bloody diarrhoea and relapses. All the patients had been in contact with young dogs which had had diarrhoea. Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni was isolated from these dogs or from their litter-mates. Canine infection with Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni may be an important source of infection causing diarrhoea in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter enteritis associated with consumption of unpasteurised milk.

In October and November 1978 two outbreaks of enteritis occurred in the north of England. Symptoms lasted two to over eight days but in no case necessitated admission to hospital. Faecal specimens from most of the patients were found to contain thermophilic Campylobacter sp. Inquiry disclosed that all patients had consumed unpasteurised milk from local farms. Examination of rectal swabs from the cattle concerned and milk socks yielded strains of Campylobacter sp indistinguishable from those isolated from the patients. It was therefore concluded that, since campylobacters are not known to be excreted in milk, faecal contamination of the milk had probably occurred and had led to these outbreaks. Evidence suggests that thermophilic Campylobacter sp is an occasional contaminant of milk. So long as unpasteurised milk continues to be distributed further outbreaks will probably occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter enteritis.

Campylobacter jejuni/coli has recently become recognized as a common bacterial cause of diarrhea. Infection can occur at any age. The usual incubation period of campylobacter enteritis is 2 to 5 days. Fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain are the most common clinical features. The stools frequently contain mucus and, a few days after the onset of symptoms, frank blood. Significant vomiting and dehydration are uncommon. A rapid presumptive laboratory diagnosis may be made during the acute phase of the illness by direct phase-contrast microscopy of stools. Isolation of the organism from stools requires culture in a selective medium containing antibiotics and incubation under reduced oxygen tension at 42 degrees C. The organism persists in the stools of untreated patients for up to 7 weeks following the onset of symptoms. Erythromycin may produce a rapid clinical and bacteriologic cure, and should be used to treat moderately to severely ill patients as well as patients with compromised host defences. The emergence of erythromycin-resistant strains requires close monitoring. The epidemiologic aspects of campylobacter enteritis will be fully understood only when methods become available for differentiating strains of C. jejuni/coli. The historical background and current knowledge of campylobacter enteritis are reviewed in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from recent cases of human vibriosis.

Campylobacter fetus was isolated from five recent cases of human vibriosis, of which two were adults and three were children. One adult presented with pericarditis and the other with recurrent pyrexia. Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis which resembled cattle strains serologically, was isolated under CO2 or anaerobic conditions from blood cultures of these patients. Two of the three children had kwashiorkor and the third was only 8 days old. Isolates identified as Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were cultured from blood of these patients, two of whom had diarrhoea. Three patients succumbed, despite adequate antibiotic therapy. The epidemiology of the disease is discussed and it is suggested that infection may have been from the patients' own flora.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effect of the nitroimidazole drug dimetridazole on microaerophilic campylobacters.

Dimetridazole, a nitroimidazole drug reported to act only on obligately anaerobic micro-organisms, is widely used for the prevention and treatment of swine dysentery. Forty-four strains of the microaerophilic bacterium Campylobacter coli isolated from either healthy or diseased pigs, and a strain of Campylobacter fetus, were all sensitive to dimetridazole. The sensitivities (minimal inhibitory concentration less than 10 microng per ml) were similar to those of anaerobic bacteria. Dimetridazole inhibited growth of campylobacters in a shaken culture in air, but did not inhibit uptake of oxygen. Inhibition of growth appeared to result from an inhibition of nucleic-acid synthesis and does not seem to depend upon interference with electron transport in the catabolism of pyruvate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter enteritis: clinical and epidemiologic features.

Campylobacter fetus subspecies (ssp.) jejuni has been recently recognized to cause diarrheal disease in man. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen, we prospectively studied 514 patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from the feces of 26 patients (5%) and seven of 11 of their symptomatic household contacts. This organism was isolated from the feces of only one of 18 asymptomatic household contacts and not at all from 157 other healthy persons. Seventeen of 20 patients from whom C. fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from fecal culture showed at least a fourfold rise in specific IgG titers. Review of 35 cases of campylobacter enteritis identified a typical clinical syndrome with acute onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and constitutional symptoms. Stool examination revealed blood in 60% and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in 78% of patients. Epidemiologic investigation strongly suggested an external source for the infection in 22 of 35 patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2026

Longitudinal study of prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in German organic meat chicken farms.

Widespread prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp. in meat chicken is a major concern for public health. We examined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in 14 German organic meat chicken farms rearing slow-growing broilers, male layer hybrids, or dual-purpose cockerels in a longitudinal study. Most farms participated with four subsequent flocks. Each flock was sampled three times: approximately 1 month after hatching (before outdoor access), 2 weeks after first outdoor access, and at the end of the fattening period. Strikingly, most flocks were already Campylobacter-positive before first outdoor access. At the end of the fattening period, 98% of all flocks were positive, with C. jejuni being the predominant species. Antimicrobial resistance of 405 C. jejuni and 79 C. coli revealed overall high levels of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance but absence of macrolide resistance. Ertapenem resistance was observed in individual farms. Generalized linear mixed models with random factors for farm and flocks within farm were used to assess predictors for the occurrence of ciprofloxacin- and tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni. Season, fattening type, and the interaction of sampling time point and fattening type were significant fixed effects. Results for flocks within farms showed clustering effects (ICCCIP = 0.447; ICCTET = 0.412). Whole-genome sequencing of representative isolates confirmed great overall genetic variety, with farm- or fattening type-dependent dissemination of certain multi-locus sequence types. ST21 clonal complex for sequenced C. jejuni and ST828 clonal complex for sequenced C. coli were most commonly detected.IMPORTANCECampylobacter spp. are major foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption and handling of chicken meat. This longitudinal study provides further insight into the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant C. jejuni and C. coli in German organic meat chicken farms, a growing sector with strict limitations on antibiotic treatment. We included multiple flocks of farms fattening either slow-growing broilers, male layer hybrids, or dual-purpose cockerels to account for a variety of fattening types. Consequently, we were able to demonstrate significant differences in the occurrence of ciprofloxacin- and tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni based on fattening type, sampling time point, and season. Our findings highlight the successful spread and persistence of ciprofloxacin-, tetracycline-, and ertapenem-resistant C. jejuni and C. coli among all three types of organic meat chicken regardless of the lack of antibiotic treatment.

C. coli↗
PubMed1979

Acute diarrhoea: Campylobacter colitis and the role of rectal biopsy.

Campylobacter spp. were the organisms isolated most frequently from 29 consecutive patients admitted with acute diarrhoea to an infectious disease unit. Rectal biopsies taken from 21 of the patients were abnormal in all but four, and in the patients with campylobacter infection there was a characteristic proctocolitis in each case. The histopathology was similar to that described for salmonella and shigella infections but clearly different from typical ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Therefore in patients with acute diarrhoea we suggest that selective culture for Campylobacter spp. should be made a routine and that rectal biopsy has an important diagnostic role, particularly in patients with negative cultures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Susceptibility of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni to twenty antimicrobiol agents.

One hundred recent clinical isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were tested by an agar dilution technique for susceptibility to each of 20 antimicrobial agents. Doxycycline and gentamicin were the most active of the drugs examined, inhibiting all strains at concentrations achievable in serum. Although the median minimal inhibitory concentration of erythromycin was low, 8% of the isolates were highly resistant. All isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were relatively resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics. Some strains were highly resistant to metronidazole and tinidazole.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗