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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Optical studies of the phase behavior of monodomain samples of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine containing calcium chloride.

Optical birefringence of the phases exhibited by monodomain samples of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine containing 0.1 M-6 mM calcium chloride is measured over a range of temperature and water content. Little change was observed in the birefringence for this calcium chloride content range, and a phase diagram is constructed from these data and compared with that of monodomain samples of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and water. Effects of the presence of calcium chloride are most pronounced at low temperature and water content but the interaction with phosphatidylcholine cannot account for the effects observed with calcium on intermembrane interactions.

Birefringence↗
PubMed1978

[A short loading acidificacion test with calcium chloride in infants (author's transl)].

The response of blood and kidney to orally administered CaCl2 (4.1 mEq. X Kg.) in a short acid loading was compared to that attained with standard agent NH4Cl (3.9 mEq. X Kg) in two groups of normal infants through a 6 hrs. period. Plasma pH and bicarbonate decreased significantly. Minimum urine pH was 5.0 o lesser in all infants. Decrease of urine pH was greater to CaCl2 than to NH4Cl group but the net hydrogen ion excretion by the kidney was minor. Accordingly this experience CaCl2 can replace NH4Cl as acidifying substance in a short acid loading test. Indication will be diffuse hepatic lesions rendering dangerous NH4Cl administration.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1976

The effect of calcium chloride on the activity and inhibition of bacterial collagenase.

The enzymatic behavior and inhibition patterns of collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum in the presence of 0.5 M and 3.4 mM CaCl2 have been examined viscosimetrically. The more concentrated salt was found to enhance the rate of digestion of calfskin collagen when either measured viscosimetrically or colorimetrically by trinitrobenzenesulfonate. However, the rate of digestion of calfskin gelatin is unaffected by 0.5 M CaCl2 as determined colorimetrically. Calcium chloride also proved to have a marked effect on the inhibitory behavior of a series of imidazole compounds. Histidine (10mM) is about three-fold more effective as an inhibitor in 0.5 M CaCl2 than in 3.4 mM CaCl2, whereas a reverse effect is true for histamine, Imidazolylpropionate (10mM) was only weakly inhibitory (16%) in 0.5 M CaCl2 and not at all in 3.4 mM CaCl2. Inhibition by 10 mM imidazole was not detectable. These observations may be useful in the design of inhibitors for tissue collagenases which share a number of common characteristics with the bacterial enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Role of membrane permeabilities (calcium, chloride, and potassium) in the genesis of the notch observed on simian and prosimian cardiac action potentials.

The effect of temperature reduction on monkey ventricular action potentials has been studied. Under this condition the genesis of a notch separating the AP spike from the AP plateau has been related either to a conduction phenomenon or to a delay in the activation of the slow inward current. It is observed that the development of a notch at the beginning of the plateau depends both on the presence of a large outward, repolarising current, carried by chloride and/or potassium ions, and on the presence of a slow inward calcium current large enough to depolarise the membrane as the chloride current deactivates.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

A light-scattering study of the effect of calcium chloride on the molecular weight of Busycon hemocyanin.

Solutions of Busycon canaliculatum have been studied by light scattering. In 0.05 M Trizma buffer +0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.0 at 14 degrees, the weight-average molecular weight is 8.9 X 10(6). In the presence of added CaCl2 (0.02 M), the molecular weight of the protein increases to 10.7 X 10(6), and the second virial coefficient is reduced. At pH 9.95, the molecular weights with and without 0.02 M CaCl2, are 3.7 X 10(6) and 1.3 X 10(6), respectively; and the effect of Ca++ in reducing the second virial coefficient is much greater than at pH 7.0. These results can be understood on the basis that at pH 7.0, ca++ increases the association of hemocyanin, by binding and intermolecular linkage through the carboxyl groups of protein side chains. At pH 9.95, amino groups are deprotonated and therefore also become available for Ca++ binding. The relative effect of Ca++ in enhancing the association of hemocyanin therefore becomes greater at the higher pH.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of de-icing salt on ground water characteristics.

The effect of "road salt" on the characteristics of Massachusetts drinking water supplies has been significant and cumulative rather than transient or seasonal. De-icing salt is essentially all sodium chloride. Calcium chloride accounted for only three percent of the total salt used. However, hardness content, as well as sodium ion concentration, has increased greatly in ground waters in the past decade. The changing composition of our water supplies has agricultural, economic, and public health implications. This study attempts to quantify the stoichiometry of these changes in concentration, which are in part due to an ion-exchange mechanism in the soil.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1975

Insulin and proinsulin release during calcium infusion in a patient with islet-cell tumor.

The infusion of calcium results in the release of gastrin, calcitonin, and serotonin from certain nonbeta islet cell tumors of the pancreas, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, and carcinoid tumors, respectively. In this study, intravenous infusion of either calcium chloride or calcium aluconate in a patient with an islet-cell carcinoma resulted in a simultaneous rise in plasma immunoreactive insulin and proinsulin, and concurrent hypoglycemia. After resection of the tumor, calcium infusion caused no change in these parameters. Similarly, calcium infusion caused no change in plasma insulin or glucose in normal volunteers. The response of this tumor suggests that calcium infusion may be a useful provocative test to detect insulin-secreting neoplasia. A derangement of the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanism for insulin in the tumor cells may be responsible for their abnormal sensitivity to calcium ion.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1977

Effects of halothane, thiopental, and lidocaine on fluidity of synaptic plasma membranes and artificial phospholipid membranes.

The effects of halothane, thiopental, and lidocaine were studied with spin-labeling methods in synaptic plasma membranes (order parameter) and artificial phospholipid membranes (lateral diffusion). Halothane had a biphasic action, low concentrations (0.64 mM) ordering and high concentrations (2.9 mM) fluidizing both types of membranes. A biphasic effect in phospholipid membranes was also seen with thiopental, 0.1 mM ordering and 10 mM fluidizing, whereas in synaptic plasma membranes both low and high concentrations caused an increased order in the lipid bilayer region. At high thiopental concentrations, a considerable number of molecules may have reacted with membrane proteins or accumulated in the highly fluidic hydrophobic interior region of the membrane without affecting the rotational movement of the labeled fatty acid. Lidocaine alone, or together with calcium chloride, at various concentrations to 10 mM had no significant effect, and a fluidizing effect of 1 mM calcium chloride was possibly a result of interaction of calcium chloride with the label. The results indicate that the three lipid-soluble anesthetics interact differently with the lipid part of membranes. Lidocaine did not seem to affect bilyer lipids, while thiopental and halothane in phospholipid vesicles and halothane alone in synaptic membranes caused a dose-dependent biphasic effect.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1977

[Pharmacological analysis of the pendular movements appearing during calcium blocking of peristalsis in the isolated guinea pig ileum].

Calcium chloride acting from the serosal surface blocked the peristaltic reflex and at the same time, after about 30 minutes, evoked pendulum type of activity in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig isolated ileum, subjected to constant intraluminal pressure. Hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium, morphine, methadone and atropine blocked, while, neostigmine potentiated the pendulum movements evoked by calcium chloride. In the Magnus preparation of the guinea-pig isolated ileum calcium chloride also caused pendulum type of activity. From these experiments it is concluded that calcium chloride evoked pendular movements by stimulating the postganglionic cholinergic nerves in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Activation of snail (Helix pomatia) nervous tissue tyrosine monooxygenase by calcium in vitro.

Addition of calcium chloride to soluble preparations of tyrosine monooxygenase from snail brain appears to produce an activation of the enzyme when assayed with subsaturating concentrations of the pteridine cofactor 6 MPH4 (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropteridine). While some increase in the activity occurs with calcium chloride at a concentration of 0.01 mM, activation is increased by about 100% at 1mM and reaches a maximum at 5mM (144%) where it remains more or less constant up to 10mM. Barium chloride also produces an activating effect although it is much less pronounced while magnesium chloride is without effect. EGTA has no direct effect on the enzyme but antagonises the activation produced by calcium chloride. The activation of tyrosine monooxygenase by calcium is reflected in changes in the kinetic properties of the enzyme, decreasing the Km from 43 muM to 19 muM for tyrosine and from 670muM to 230muM for the pteridine cofactor. No change was observed with V values for either tyrosine or pteridine cofactor. It is suggested that calcium, which enters the nerve terminal during nerve stimulation, regulates the transmitter dopamine by activating the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine monooxygenase.

Animals↗