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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Determination of length, width and height of the human skull by critical use of roentgenologic craniometry methods].

X-ray craniometry has gained in importance for scientific and clinical examination. It enables accurate measurement of shape and structure of the human skull, its characterisation and an accurate description of the type and cause of changes of its shape and components. Roentgenological craniometry is closely related to craniometry of anatomists and anthropologists, but in a few essential points it does differ from it--rather fundamentally, in fact. On using the roentgenological method, the general laws of x-ray imaging must be strictly observed and measurements must be effected only if they are conducted from such points which are roentgenologically clearly defined. Measurements must be definite, repeatable at any time and suitable for comparative purposes. The influence exercised by these conditions becomes noticeable already on determining the three principal dimensions of the cranium. Whereas the x-ray determination of the length and breadth of the cranium is easy to perform and does not present any problem, determination of the "height" of the cranium causes considerable difficulties that are mainly based on the statement of suitable points of measurement. Detailed studies and deliberations have shown that the distance between the vault and the base of the skull can supply a suitable measure for assessing the height of the skull. On lateral x-ray film the distance between the "endobregma" and the "bony floor of the hypophyseal cavity" is a suitable criterion, whereas on the sagittal x-ray films of the skull the criterion is the distance between "bregma" and "hypophyseal basis". The "lateral hypophyseal height of the skull" and the "sagittal hypophyseal height" are largely equal, clearly defined and always repeatable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Use of hand-held laser scanning in the assessment of craniometry.

The intra- and inter-examiner reliability was evaluated for hand-held 3D laser scanning technology when it was combined with localization of landmarks for craniometry. The data from the laser surface scanning were compared with those of conventional direct measuring. Using thirty unidentified skulls requested for individual identification, measurements were taken of the line distances from lambda to 26 landmarks, and also for seven breadth parameters. For the laser surface scanning, two examiners performed replicate measurements with an interval of 1 week. In the conventional direct measuring, the first examiner took replicate measurements with a 1-week interval. To assess intra- and inter-examiner reliabilities, the intraclass correlation coefficient was used. Analysis of variance with repeated measures for each parameter was performed to compare the conventional method with the 3D scanning method. Both the 3D scanning and conventional methods showed excellent intra-examiner reliabilities, and the 3D laser scanning method also showed excellent inter-examiner reliability. A statistical difference between the two examiners was found only in nasal breadth in the 3D laser scanning method. There was no significant difference between the two measuring methods, though the 3D laser scanning method tended to give a slightly lower reading. Collectively, the 3D laser scanning method with point localization is a useful method with excellent reliability, and it can replace the conventional direct measuring method in craniometry.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1982

Intra- and interobserver error in craniometry: a cautionary tale.

This study investigates intra- and interobserver measurement error in craniometry. Data consists of 72 craniometric measurements taken on a series of 28 Sadlermuit Eskimo crania. Utermohle measured the series twice; Zegura measured it once. Statistical procedures used to demonstrate measurement imprecision include the mean difference, the method error statistic, two-way anova without replication, the t-test for paired comparisons, Fisher's distribution-free sign test, and the t-test for independent samples. The result indicate less intraobserver repeatability than expected as well as an alarming lack of interobserver reproducibility for many of these craniometric measurements. We hope these results will serve as a caution against the widespread belief that craniometric measurements are always produced with a high degree of precision by experienced craniometrists. In addition, these results suggest that investigators employing craniometric measurements to study population affinities, functional morphology, forensics, fossil primates, and human microevolution might profit from conducting a measurement error analysis as an important baseline for the interpretation of the biological significance of their results.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2001

Craniometry and mathematical calculations as a method for viscero-cranium profile determination.

The aim of this work is to prove the application of craniometry in determining the identity of unknown bodies. There is a great correlation between the viscero-cranium appearance and the osseous structure, the said correlation following mathematical rules and thus being possible to be calculated. Various segments of the skull and different size of the angles they make with each other are directly responsible for the graphic profile of viscero-cranium. The nasal bones and their angle are the basis to determine the shape and size of the nose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Stereometric craniometry.

A method is described whereby three-dimensional co-ordinates of points on a cranium can be recorded in terms of azimuth, elevation and radial distance from a selected point. These co-ordinates can be used to create two-dimensional representations of single crania, the differences between many crania or growth stages of individuals or series of individuals. The co-ordinates can be used in more conventional analytic ways in the same way as cartesian co-ordinates.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies.

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) comprises the occiput, atlas, and axis and is visible in most magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the brain. Craniometric measurements used in radiologic assessment of CVJ anomalies include the Chamberlain line, Wackenheim clivus baseline, Welcher basal angle, and atlantooccipital joint axis angle. Most anomalies of the occiput are associated with decreased skull base height and basilar invagination, the latter being a primary developmental anomaly in which the vertebral column is abnormally high and prolapsed into the skull base. Occiput anomalies include condylus tertius, condylar hypoplasia, basiocciput hypoplasia, and atlanto-occipital assimilation. Most atlas anomalies produce no abnormal CVJ relationships and are not associated with basilar invagination. These anomalies include aplasias, hypoplasias, and clefts of the atlas arches and "split atlas" (ie, posterior arch rachischisis associated with anterior arch rachischisis). Except for fusion anomalies, abnormalities of the axis are primarily confined to the odontoid process and are not associated with basilar invagination. These anomalies include persistent ossiculum terminale, odontoid aplasia, and os odontoideum. With the widespread availability of MR imaging, which is well suited for evaluating the CVJ because of its direct sagittal imaging capabilities, renewed understanding of CVJ anatomy and anomalies is important for all radiologists.

Adolescent↗