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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Growth patterns and histochemical characterization of bovine mammary corpora amylacea.

Corpora amylacea in bovine mammary tissue were quantified across a range of size differentials for histochemical properties, lactation age, and lactation stage, in an attempt to characterize amyloid nucleation and growth. At all size classifications, corpora stained positively for amyloid, calcium deposits, and glycoprotein, while staining negatively for mucopolysaccharides. Prevalence of corpora amylacea among the size differentials was unrelated to age of lactating animals, although no corpora were observed in quarters of primiparous heifers at parturition. Corpora amylacea were most abundant during the later stages of lactation for all size differentials, and least abundant during late involution and early lactation. The majority of corpora were observed in alveolar lumens at all stages of lactation. Our results suggest that corpora amylacea development is not restricted to a particular stage of lactation, although their nucleation appears to occur within the alveolar lumens. Gradual increases in both size and numbers of corpora from parturition to late lactation suggest that development of these structures accelerates as lactation progresses. Morphological relationships between corpora amylacea and mammary parenchymal tissue during the later stages of lactation suggest that these structures may have a role in the involutionary process. These findings provide the foundation for additional immunocytochemical techniques to determine the origin of amyloid fibril components.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Scanning electron microscopy of human prostatic corpora amylacea and corpora calculi, and prostatic calculi.

Ultrastructural studies of human prostatic corpora amylacea and corpora calculi, and prostatic calculi were conducted in order to delineate their etiology and pathogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy was employed in conjunction with histology and transmission electron microscopy in the study of prostatic tissues and concretions obtained from 21 individuals. Results confirmed that desquamated acinar cells contribute to the formation and growth of corpora amylacea. A variation in density of the matrix of the matrix of the corpora produces a laminated structure. The deposition of hydroxyapatite crystallites in corpora amylacea leads to the formation of corpora calculi. Further growth and mineralization of corpora calculi lead to the development of the more clinically significant prostatic calculi. Small spherical aggregates (from 0.5 to 5 micron in diameter) of hydroxyapatite crystallites are a prevalent constituent of the corpora and prostatic calculi. Similar spherical aggregates of hydroxyapatite crystallites have also been identified in urinary calculi and other pathologic tissues suggesting similar mechanisms of mineral precipitation.

Calculi↗
PubMed2002

Role of heme oxygenase-1 in the biogenesis of corpora amylacea.

Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous inclusions that accumulate in the human brain during normal aging and to a greater extent in Alzheimer's disease. We previously demonstrated that, in cultured rat astroglia, cysteamine (CSH) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and promotes the transformation of normal mitochondria into CA-like inclusions. In the current study, primary cultures of neonatal rat astroglia were exposed to 880 micro M CSH for three months in the presence or absence of dexamethasone, a suppressor of HO-1 gene transcription. Cells were double-labeled with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) and antisera against ubiquitin, HO-1, or a mitochondrial epitope. CA were quantified and their immunostaining characteristics analyzed using confocal microscopy. HO-1 immunofluorescence was more abundant in cultures exposed to CSH alone relative to untreated control cultures and cultures exposed to both CSH and dexamethasone. Mature CA appeared as large (5-50 microM), spherical or polygonal, intensely PAS-positive inclusions within glial cytoplasm or deposited extracellularly. The inclusions manifested intense rim and, less commonly, homogeneous or stippled patterns of immunoreactivity for ubiquitin, HO-1, and the mitochondrial marker. Monolayers exposed to CSH exhibited 660% more CA relative to untreated controls (P < 0.05). Numbers of CA in cultures exposed to CSH were diminished by co-administration of 50 microg/ml dexamethasone (P < 0.05 relative to CSH alone) or 100 microg/ml dexamethasone (P < 0.05 relative to CSH alone). Numbers of CA in cultures co-treated with CSH and 50 microg/ml dexamethasone or 100 microg/ml dexamethasone were not significantly different from untreated control values. Up-regulation of HO-1 may contribute to the formation of CA in aging astroglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

X-ray microprobe analysis of corpora amylacea.

Since corpora amylacea is concentrated in the high density fraction in the subcellular fractionation of autopsy brain. It is suspected that inorganic materials accumulate in corpora amylacea. Therefore, elemental analyses of partially purified corpora amylacea from autopsy brain from a patient with Alzheimer's disease and those from brain of a non-demented patient were performed by the X-ray microprobe method. Prominent peaks of sodium, phosphorus, sulphur and chloride were observed, and mapping analyses confirmed that these elements were actually contained within the corpora amylacea. A similar result was obtained using cryostat sections. Corpora amylacea are characteristically distributed along the margin of blood vessels, beneath the pial border of the hippocampus and in the subependymal zones of ventricles of aged brains, namely in the vicinity of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. From this distribution and from the results of the present paper, we suggest that corpora amylacea play a role in the absorption and accumulation of inorganic materials which have been extravasated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and taken up by astrocytes. This may reflect alteration of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers in the ageing brain.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1978

Central spherules in pulmonary corpora amylacea.

Pulmonary corpora amylacea were found in 37 of 6,500 (0.6%) unselected autopsies. The patients had ranged in age from 48 to 87 years (average, 70). Among 1,000 corpora amylacea studied, there were 30 that contained centrally located, more or less intact, hollow spheres 15 to 20 mu in diameter. Morphologic considerations suggest that the spheres are derived from plant spores, and it is suggested that a possible origin is from inspired lycopodium spores, which are used as a dusting powder. Formation of pulmonary corpora amylacea as a reaction to lycopodium could account for the peculiar sporadic incidence of these bodies and their remarkable uniformity in size.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Corpora amylacea in hippocampal sclerosis.

Corpora amylacea have been reported in around 60% of hippocampal sclerosis specimens. The aim was to determine whether there are clinical and quantitative hippocampal MRI differences between hippocampal sclerosis with and without corpora amylacea. Corpora amylacea density was determined in 46 resected hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, using a three dimensional microscopical counting technique. Forty one hippocampi had hippocampal sclerosis. Twenty six of the 41 (63%) hippocampal sclerosis specimens contained corpora amylacea, which were found in highest numbers in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Corpora amylacea density in the CA1 correlated inversely with the neuronal density in CA1. Hippocampal sclerosis with corpora amylacea had the same clinical and quantitative hippocampal MRI characteristics as hippocampal sclerosis without corpora amylacea, and did not affect seizure outcome after surgery adversely. In conclusion, formation of corpora amylacea seems to be a pathological response to neuronal cell loss in most hippocampal sclerosis specimens, with no clear clinical and quantitative hippocampal MRI correlates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Heat shock protein 60 in corpora amylacea.

Heat shock protein 60 representation in the corpora amylacea of the brain was investigated in five different neurological diseases. In the cases with cerebral infarct, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and primary tumors of the nervous system the corpora amylacea showed similar appearance with strong HSP-60 positivity in all investigated disorders at the predilection sites. In the inflammatory diseases, besides corpora amylacea, several cellular elements exhibited HSP-60 immunostaining too. In these cases, the widespread HSP-60 immunoreactivity associated with relative moderate corpora amylacea production as compared to other diseases. From this contradiction we concluded the corpora amylacea participate in the cellular stress reaction but stress protein synthesis certainly is not the primary event in corpora amylacea formation. In the development of the corpora amylacea the incipient process is most probably degenerative in nature, which later on is accompanied by stress protein synthesis and slow growing of these round structures designated for a protective role in the brain. However, the role of the stress protein synthesis in the corpora amylacea formation and growth was not unequivocally answered in this study. It is necessary to perform further comparative investigations of the stress protein representation and corpora amylacea formation in different diseases which may help in discovering useful pathogenetic data and the biological role of this degenerative structure.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of corpora amylacea glycoconjugates in normal and hyperplastic glands of human prostate.

It has been shown that there are sugars in corpora amylacea, but little attention has been focused on the expression of glycoconjugates in corpora amylacea of normal and hyperplastic prostatic glands. The present study characterizes and compares the expression of glycoconjugates in corpora amylacea of normal and hyperplastic prostatic glands of elderly men by using alcian blue (AB) stain and lectin histochemistry. Corpora amylacea were larger and more numerous in hyperplastic glands compared to normal glands. The stain with AB revealed the presence of sulfated and carboxyl components in corpora amylacea. In hyperplastic prostatic glands the sulfur and acid contents of corpora amylacea were increased. Lectin affinities of corpora amylacea from normal prostatic glands demonstrated the presence of fucose, mannose, sialic acid, N-acetyl galactosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine residues. In the hyperplastic glands the lectin binding pattern of corpora amylacea was qualitatively similar to normal glands, but an increase in GalNAc, sialic acid, mannose and fucose residues was observed. Normal prostatic glands showed a weak to moderate content of mannose residues, and in contrast a strong GNA and Con-A staining was observed in hyperplastic glands. MAA and SNA affinities indicated that the content of sialic acid residues was higher in hyperplastic glands compared with normal prostatic glands. Also NAcGal residues were increased in hyperplastic glands. Luminal secretion, secretory cells and apical border of epithelium showed a similar although more intense Lectin-binding pattern as compared with corpora amylacea both in normal and hyperplastic prostatic glands. Lectin histochemistry shows that the glycoconjugates expressed in the glandular epithelium are similar to those found in corpora amylacea both in normal and hyperplastic glands. In addition, in hyperplastic glands, where the corpora amylacea are higher in size and more numerous, the reaction to lectins is more intense especially with mannose and sialic acid residues. The results suggest that corpora amylacea are originated at least in part from prostatic secretion.

Glycoconjugates↗
PubMed2000

Corpora amylacea and heat shock protein 27 in Ammon's horn sclerosis.

Increased numbers of corpora amylacea have been observed in the resected mesial temporal lobe of many patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) and Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS). Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by seizures and have been suggested as an etiologic factor in the formation corpora amylacea. We quantified corpora amylacea and HSP27-immunoreactive astrocytes in temporal lobe specimens from patients with CPS (28 AHS; 10 non-AHS) and in 5 autopsy controls. Corpora amylacea were increased in each sector of Ammon's horn in the AHS group, significantly so in CA1 and CA3 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0097, respectively), compared with the non-AHS group, although there was considerable variability among the specimens. We found HSP27 to be significantly but nonspecifically increased in the resected temporal lobe specimens from all patients with CPS, regardless of the underlying pathology. HSP27 was not, however, expressed within the corpora amylacea, and did not correlate with the number of corpora amylacea in any of the 9 mesial and lateral temporal lobe areas examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The origin, structure and occurrence of corpora amylacea in the bovine mammary gland and in milk.

Corpora amylacea were present in variable numbers in the mammary glands of 8 lactating cows but they were not observed in the glands of pregnant or virgin heifers. In primiparous cows they were relatively simple bodies composed of 2--3 concentric layers but in multiparous animals, more complex multilayered structures were also noted. Corpora amylacea were formed in alveoli lined with actively secreting cells. The initial stage of their formation involved the aggregation, fusion and compaction of casein micelles in the alveolar milk. The resulting structure acted as a nucleus for further growth which occurred by the addition of material of micellar origin to its surface. Bodies containing a large proportion of crystalline material were common. Contact of corpora amylacea with the alveolar epithelium often caused flattening or irreversible damage to the secretory cells. The corpora amylacea recovered from milk corresponded in appearance to various stages in their growth seen in the mammary gland. They were usually present in the colostrum of multiparous cows but never in that from primiparous animals. In only 1 cow was the colostrum and milk found to be consistently free of corpora amylacea.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Occurrence and fate of corpora amylacea in the bovine udder.

The presence and location of corpora amylacea were studied quantitatively by biopsy technique in separate glands of a normal cow during a lactation cycle. Corpora amylacea were present in alveoli throughout lactation without any evidence of an abnormal bacterial flora or an inflammatory reaction. The corpora amylacea were most numerous during the decline in lactation, approximately 95% being in the alveoli. During the nonlactating (dry) period, there was approximately a 50% decrease in the number of corpora amylacea, with about 90% of those remaining being in the interstitial tissue. They appeared to enter the interstitial tissue passively coincident with atrophy of alveoli.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An ultrastructural study of the corpora amylacea of the optic nerve head and retina.

We studied corpora amylacea in the optic nerve heads and retinas of four human eyes with increased intraocular pressure by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally they consisted of a mass of filamentous tangle discretely bordered by normal or abnormal axoplasm within an axonal swelling. We found neurotubules, mitochondria, and the accumulation of dense bodies in the axoplasm surrounding the filamentous tangle. We noted ultrastructural similarities between corpora amylacea and cytoid bodies, swollen axons with transport block, and experimentally induced neurofibrillary tangles. We concluded that corpora amylacea are intracellular organelles found in axonal swellings and are not glial in origin, as previously believed. There is a possible relationship between corpora amylacea and distrubance of axoplasmic transport.

Axons↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary corpora amylacea in sheep.

Pulmonary corpora amylacea (PCA) were found in 36 per cent of lambs with chronic non-progressive pneumonia. They were spheroidal or ovoid, concentrically lamellar, and commonly found in the alveoli. The components of PCA were complex and variable but staining reactions indicated that most of them contained deoxyribonucleoproteins, glycoproteins and ribonucleoproteins. Electron microscopy showed that they were composed of a fine granular material with an occasional vesicular pattern. There are a number of differences in the morphology and staining reaction of ovine PCA compared with those described in man. Some of these differences may be related to their age. Ovine PCA are closely associated with chronic non-progressive pneumonia and it is postulated that they may result indirectly from bronchiolar stenosis and stagnation of exudate.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Proteic composition of corpora amylacea in the bovine mammary gland.

Histochemical studies of mammary gland sections obtained from healthy lactating Prim' Holstein cows contained numerous corpora amylacea, mainly located in active alveoli. Observations by electron microscopy revealed a cauliflower shape, with a fibrillar or multilayered organization. Mineral studies confirmed the presence of high calcium levels (12.3% of dry matter) and phosphorus (7.4%) in the corpora amylacea composition. These bodies stained positive to Von Kossa silver nitrate and to Periodic acid-Schiff. However, depending on the gland of origin, corpora amylacea stained positive or negative to Congo red. Histochemical studies seemed, therefore, insufficient to determine the presence or absence of amyloid. The amount of total protein varied by approximately 25%. Immunoblotting and analysis of the amino acid sequence of a peptidic fragment obtained from corpora amylacea gave clear evidence of the occurrence of caseins, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. However, the comparison between the amino acid composition of corpora amylacea and those of the main milk proteins indicated the presence of other proteins. Electrophoretic analysis also gave evidence of the presence of several other proteins, i.e. glycoproteins. Therefore, it is probable that corpora amylacea composition is much more complex than previously reported.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Corpora amylacea in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: incidence and histology within needle core biopsies.

Corpora amylacea in the prostate are a frequent finding in benign acini, but are only rarely observed in adenocarcinoma. To determine the incidence and comparative histopathology of this finding, we prospectively reviewed all consecutive needle core biopsies (excluding consultations) received at Bostwick Laboratories between December 2001 and July 2003. Among 5130 cases of adenocarcinoma (34% of 15,279 total needle biopsy cases), we identified 19 (31 biopsy specimens) with corpora amylacea within cancerous acini (0.4% incidence). Patients ranged in age from 51 to 89 years (mean, 68 years). The corpora amylacea were located within cancers with Gleason pattern 3 (28 of 31 specimens), Gleason pattern 4 (one specimen), and Gleason pattern 5 (two specimens), and ranged from less than 0.1-0.3 mm in diameter. Coexistent eosinophilic proteinaceous debris was noted in all 31 specimens, luminal mucin in 19, crystalloids in 15, and collagenous micronodules in two specimens. Our results indicate that the incidence of corpora amylacea in adenocarcinoma is low, but the presence of such inclusions cannot be used to exclude malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Histologic studies on the corpora amylacea in the mammary glands of goats, horses, and ewes].

Corpora amylacea are present in all the mammary glands of the investigated animals (ewe, goat, and mares). Generally, they are comparable to the cow regarding to its distribution, frequency, size, morphological structure, and staining properties. Corpora amylacea occur most frequently in the ewe, and in non-lactating mammary glands. In lactating mammary glands they are mostly situated in the alveoles. During gestation they are located outside of the alveoles and in the interalveolar connective tissue. Only in very few cases corpora amylacea are found inside and outside of the alveoles in the same mammary gland. Frequently, its centre consists of a round nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Spinal corpora amylacea and motor neuron disease: a quantitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that as there is growing evidence that corpora amylacea, or amyloid bodies, in the CNS are derived primarily from neurons, it might be expected that their numbers in the spinal cord would decline with loss of neurons in motor neuron degeneration as they do in the retina on destruction of ganglion cells by glaucoma. METHODS: The numbers of corpora amylacea were counted in PAS stained transverse sections of the lumbar cord from 27 patients with motor neuron disease and 21 control subjects of similar age and sex mix. The numbers and sizes of corpora amylacea were determined both in the anterior horn grey matter and in the submeningeal white matter regions in each case. RESULTS: In both groups the total numbers in the white matter and submeningeal regions ranged from 160 to more than 5000/section and there was minimal significant difference between the two groups. No relation with age was found in this narrow age range. The mean diameters of the corpora amylacea were significantly less in the grey matter of both groups than in the submeningeal regions. However, their densities in the grey matter of the anterior horn were significantly reduced in the spinal cord sections in the motor neuron disease group, but only where few motor neurons remained. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that corpora amylacea may arise from neurons, and suggest that that there may be two compartments, one mobile and one static, the second most likely remaining in the periphery of the spinal cord for prolonged periods.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Amyloid in prostatic corpora amylacea.

AIM: To determine the presence and nature of amyloid in prostatic corpora amylacea using immunohistological studies. METHODS: Prostatic tissue from 18 transurethral and two open resection specimens was studied. Paraffin wax embedded tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and the alkaline Congo red method with and without previous treatment with potassium permanganate. Sections were also stained with antibodies to amyloid A, beta 2 microglobulin, lambda and kappa light chains, prealbumin IgA, G, M, S100 protein, prostatic specific antigen, amyloid P component and CAM 5.2 (control and blocking studies were performed). RESULTS: The prostatic corpora amylacea universally showed the presence of amyloid. In all instances this contained beta 2 microglobulin. CONCLUSION: Prostatic corpora amylacea represents a localised amyloidosis of beta 2 microglobulin origin that is unrelated to chronic renal failure and haemodialysis.

Amyloid↗