A child guidance clinic as exemplified by Riley Child Guidance Clinic.
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The Bundeskonferenz für Erziehungsberatung (bke) is the federation for child guidance and family-counseling in Germany. Members are the working groups for child guidance and family-counseling of the Länder, where the employees of the child guidance are organized. The federation was founded in 1962. It is sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth. Further education for professional youth workers is central mission of bke. The constitution of the federation lais down these contents. Every autumn the bke publishes the program for further education for the following year in a brochure called Zentrale Weiterbildung--the program for child guidance, family counseling and youth counseling. A special Kommission Zentrale Weiterbildung acquires the contents of the program for further education und selects the referents. Since 1968 the Zentrale Weiterbildung of Bundeskonferenz für Erziehungsberatung offers events for professional youth workers in child guidance, family counseling. The program for further education contributes the quality of the institution of child guidance. After a time with above average use of the program for further education with therapeutical focal point, the orientation of the program changes to child and youth services. A constant number of counselors use the program. Beside the change of contents there was a change to effectiveness of contents and a reduction of participants.
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In general child guidance centres are considered as a good context for systemic orientated therapy. Therefore critical publications of this institutional context for systemic therapy are very seldom. The author describes three important factors which influence the therapeutic system. By analysing the wishes of clients, the way child guidance centres are integrated in the local system of helping and specific team processes, systemic orientated counsellors shall come to a realistic sight of their therapeutic possibilities.
The development of child guidance centres began before 1910 with single institutions characterized by various subject areas (medicine, pedagogy, psychology) as well as by the connection of counselling and therapeutic treatments. Since about 1920 it has become customary to call such institutions child guidance centres. A consistent development lead to the fact that in the Child and Adolescent Aid Law of 1990 child guidance centres are called institutions which are capable of handling different problems with a multi-professional staff and various methods, and offering counselling and treatments as required. People seeking advice shall be able to contact child guidance centres directly of their own free will.
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The widespread opinion, that child guidance clinics were adapted to the standards of middle-class families is a prejudice. Investigations during the past 15 years have shown, that the percentage of lower-class families at least reaches the average rate of lower-class families in the west-german population. A lot of confusion concerning this question is due to certain investigations using unprecise methods and not clearly defined references. The tendency, that Child- and Adolescent Psychiatrists (working as an independent service or integrated into a multiprofessional team) are frequented slightly more often by lower-class families than child guidance clinics without doctors, is becoming increasingly evident. This however does not in our opinion justify the foundation of independent child-psychiatric-services in the first front. This would also conflict with the recommendations made by the "Psychiatry-Enquete". Instead it is advisable to integrate appropriately qualified doctors in all child guidances clinics. This kind of teamwork helps to overcome misunderstandings as well as narrow minded views and makes mutual understanding and learning possible, it improves the inevitable essential cooperation and through that ameliorates the quality of the auxiliary-service for the clients. To meet the needs of lower-class clients, we have to search for new ways of thinking and coping in child guidance work and these services should be made known through professional public relation work.
A socio-ecological concept of counseling in situations of separation and divorce is presented in this article, dividing the process of counseling into specific levels of intervention and phases of divorce. The child's occupation with separation and divorce depends on the level of socio-cognitive development as well as defense and coping strategies. A particular danger of diffusion of roles and of parentifying the child exists in these families. For the long-termed developmental prognosis the degree of cross-linkage and protective factors in the child's environment are vital. The article refers to results of longitudinal studies and research in invulnerability. Furthermore the results of an empirical inquiry at German counseling boards concerning the work with families of divorce are presented.
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