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Lectins of Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), Canavalin ensiformis (Con A), Griffonia simplicifolia I (GS I), Griffonia simplicifolia II (GS II), Maclura pomifera (MPA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Glycine max (SBA), Ulex europaeus I (UEA I) and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) were used to evaluate cell surface carbohydrates in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal human cervix uteri. Consistent patterns of staining of the squamous epithelium were obtained in all 30 cases with BPA, GS II, MPA, PNA, SBA and WGA. A variable distribution of lectin binding was seen in squamous epithelium with Con A, GS I and UEA I. The patterns of GS I and GS II binding reflected squamous epithelial maturation. Columnar epithelium did not stain with GS II, stained variably with Con A, and stained consistently with the remaining seven lectins in all cases. No association between lectin binding and blood group or phase of the menstrual cycle was found. These findings may be used as a baseline for evaluation of lectin binding in both preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix uteri.
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Carcinoma cervix should ideally be diagnosed in the pre-invasive or micro-invasive stage, or even earlier in the stage of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) by mass screening. As this has not been possible in our country awareness should be created amongst general population and practitioners about the urgent necessity of reporting to a proper clinic as soon as possible after appearance of early symptoms. Downstaging of the cancer should also be performed utilising nurses and paramedical health workers. Early diagnosis would give the best possible results of treatment.
Since 1947, carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage I, has been treated at the Ochsner Clinic with intracavitary irradiation and a radical hysterectomy--Wertheim type--and pelvic node dissection. If metastasis to the lymph node is demonstrated, external irradiation is administered postoperatively. Carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage II, has been treated with intracavitary radium and external radiation, followed by the same surgical procedure. All patients were treated surgically, except those with medical conditions precluding extensive operation. Five and ten year survival rates for Stage I cancer were 81.5 and 68.7 per cent, respectively; for Stage II, these rates were 64.5 per cent and 54.0 per cent, respectively. There were moderate complications from the combined therapy, with a ureteral fistula rate of 1.9 per cent. Although the combined use of irradiation and operation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been looked upon in this country with disfavor because of poor healing and complications, we have not found this to be so. With improvement of both radiation therapy and surgical management, these patients can be offered treatment based upon sound physiologic principles and can live in freedom from fear of recurrence in later years. The outlook is good for continued improvement in the complication rate, surgical technique and possibly, chemotherapy.
Glycoconjugates and glycogen obtained from the cervix uteri of nonpregnant women of proliferative phase and secretory phase, and from the postpartum cervix uteri were determined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane and chemical analysis before and after enzymatic digestion and nitrous acid treatment. Although the contents of neutral glycopeptide fraction in these tissues were similar, the glycogen content in the postpartum tissue greatly decreased. The contents in terms of hexosamine of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate and acidic glycopeptides in the postpartum tissue greatly increased in comparison with those in the nonpregnant tissues, whereas that of dermatan sulfate slightly decreased. In addition, dermatan sulfate in the postpartum tissue contained a small portion of non-sulfate disaccharide units, which was not detected in the nonpregnant tissues. The results indicate that significant changes in the contents of glycoconjugates and glycogen of human cervix uteri occur in ripening. The roles of these substances in the cervical ripening are discussed.
The cervix uteri is of greatest importance for the environment of the fetus. The sonographic imaging of the cervix uteri can be done by transabdominal, perineal and transvaginal route. Each of these methods are associated with specific advantages and disadvantages. During the time of gestation the cervix uteri can be measured sonographically concerning the length, the thickness, the width of the cervical canal and in addition the diameter of the internal and the external os. At the beginning of labour the cervix shows a transformation: a shortening with an increase of thickness. The phase of contraction is followed by a phase of reformation. Individual formations of the cervix regarding the a premature opening of the internal os or the external os could be demonstrable without clinical symptoms. By W. Eppel a score-like formula "Incompetence-Factor" was described for a quantification of these measurements.
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Vascular morphology of cervix uteri was studied on control and operative specimens. Specific for the organs was the system of capacity vessels (sinusoidal veins) in cervix uteri mucosa and muscles. These vessels may exhibit activity typical for corpus cavernosum. The deformities and hypertrophy may trigger stromal and vascular wall sclerosis with cluster and diffuse adenomatosis which can be considered a morphologic cause of operative complications. Hypertrophic elongation of cervix uteri results in diffuse rearrangement of the arteries and sinusoidal veins with thickening of their walls. All these processes are suggested contributing to distressed vascular capacity.
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas of the cervix uteri are very rare. They are poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with intense stromal lymphocytic infiltration. These histologic features are similar to nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma and may have a better prognosis than other tumors of the cervix. A lymphoepithelioma-like lesion of the cervix uteri is described in a 33-year-old Caucasian woman who had an episode of vaginal bleeding. A review of the literature about these types of tumor is also presented.
The cervical glands of cervix uteri of goat with particular relation to their histomorphology, histochemistry and changes with reference to age, estrus cycle, pregnancy and mode of secretion have been observed and discussed.
Gastric mucosa and smears of the cervix uteri - both under normal conditions and in different pathological stages - were processed by flow cytometry. DNA distribution patterns were measured and compared. Special interest was focused on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), checking its biological value and clinical importance with precancerous stages of the cervix uteri. In rare, distinct cases, CAG revealed carcinoma indicating DNA distribution patterns as distinct cases of dysplasia and Ca in situ of the cervix.
The early detection of recurrent carcinoma of the cervix uteri following radiation is essential. This investigation was undertaken to determine the value of cervicovaginal cytologic screening in patients with biopsy proved recurrences. Fifty-six of the 110 patients with a known recurrence had changes on a Papanicolaou smear consistent with suspected or definite malignant cells. The frequency of these positive scrapings was independent of the original cell type, initial clinical staging and interval after completion of radiotherapy. Significantly more smears were positive if there was a central recurrence when compared with a peripheral and distant metastasis. Screening by frequent clinical examination and sampling of exfoliative cervicovaginal cells remain paramount after treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri.