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Results for “CEREBROSPINAL FLUID”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

A protein-binding assay for direct determination of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine.

An adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-binding protein was isolated from bovine skeletal muscle. This preparation showed maximum binding capacity for cyclic AMP at the physiological pH of amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma and had a high association constant of 1.4x10(9) 1/mol. This preparation of binding protein, together with albumin and EDTA in the assay buffer, gave a sensitive and specific competitive protein-binding assay that permitted direct determination of cyclic AMP in the biological fluids mentioned above.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Lactate and glucose concentrations in brain interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum during experimental pneumococcal meningitis.

Metabolic abnormalities during bacterial meningitis include hypoglycorrhachia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate accumulation. The mechanisms by which these alterations occur within the central nervous system (CNS) are still incompletely delineated. To determine the evolution of these changes and establish the locus of abnormal metabolism during meningitis, glucose and lactate concentrations in brain interstitial fluid, CSF, and serum were measured simultaneously and sequentially during experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Interstitial fluid samples were obtained from the frontal cortex and hippocampus by using in situ brain microdialysis, and serum and CSF were directly sampled. There was an increase of CSF lactate concentration, accompanied by increased local production of lactate in the brain, and a decrease of CSF-to-serum glucose ratio that was paralleled by a decrease in cortical glucose concentration. Brain microdialysate lactate concentration was not affected by either systemic lactic acidosis or artificially elevated CSF lactate concentration. These data support the hypothesis that the brain is a locus for anaerobic glycolysis during meningitis, resulting in increased lactate production and perhaps contributing to decreased tissue glucose concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Somatomedins in tumour cyst fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and tumour cytosol in patients with glial tumours.

In the present study, the levels of the growth-promoting hormones, somatomedins, were analysed in tumour cyst fluid, CSF, and tumour cytosol, collected from 22 unselected patients with intracranial tumours. All samples contained somatomedin activity. 5/7 CSF samples, taken from patients with tumour mass visible on CT, showed elevated concentrations. 6/9 cyst fluid samples, taken from patients with glioma were elevated compared with normal serum somatomedin levels. Tumour cytosol, taken from 7 patients with malignant glioma contained somatomedins in an elevated level compared with values previously analysed from normal adult brains. These preliminary findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of somatomedins in brain tumours and suggest the use of somatomedins as a possible brain tumour marker.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacokinetics of nimustine, cytosine arabinoside, and methotrexate in cerebrospinal fluid during cerebrospinal fluid perfusion chemotherapy.

This report investigates the pharmacokinetics of nimustine (ACNU), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and methotrexate (MTX) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during CSF perfusion chemotherapy. A 47-year-old Japanese man with spinal cord, cerebellum and brain stem dissemination of oligo-astrocytoma received nine courses of CSF perfusion chemotherapy with ACNU, Ara-C, and MTX. A CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution was perfused via an Ommaya reservoir in the ventricle, and was discharged by drainage though another Ommaya reservoir in the lumbar spinal canal. CSF samples via Ommaya reservoirs in the lumbar spinal canal were obtained during the fifth and eighth courses of treatment. The concentrations of ACNU and Ara-C in CSF were measured by HPLC, and the MTX concentrations by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the fifth course of treatment, a CSF injection chemotherapy solution, consisting of 5 mg of ACNU dissolved in 20 ml of artificial CSF, was injected over a few minutes using the Ommaya reservoir. Next, a CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution, consisting of 10 mg of Ara-C and 5 mg of MTX dissolved in 100 ml of artificial CSF, was perfused over 2 h. In the eighth course of treatment, a CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution, consisting of 5 mg of ACNU, 10 mg of Ara-C and 5 mg of MTX dissolved in 100 ml of artificial CSF, was perfused over 2 h. In both treatments, the highest concentrations of Ara-C and MTX in CSF were observed 1 or 2 h after the end of perfusion, with the values of each drug being similar. The CSF AUCs of Ara-C and MTX in each treatment were of similar values. Although the highest concentration of ACNU in CSF was observed in the fifth treatment 1 h after injection (an injection chemotherapy of ACNU plus a perfusion chemotherapy of Ara-C and MTX), the concentration of ACNU in CSF was undetectable in the eighth treatment (a perfusion chemotherapy of ACNU, Ara-C and MTX). We were successful in administering all anticancer drugs, and reaching a level of over 1.0 microg/ml concentration in CSF of the lumbar spinal canal, using an injection chemotherapy of ACNU plus a perfusion chemotherapy of Ara-C and MTX; this was done even though the drugs, in particular ACNU, underwent some perfusion-period dependent decomposition.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, nimustine and valproic acid in cerebrospinal fluid during cerebrospinal fluid perfusion chemotherapy.

This report investigates the pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate (MTX), nimustine (ACNU) and valproic acid (VPA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during CSF perfusion chemotherapy. A 28-year-old Japanese woman with disseminated glioblastoma was, on admission, on a stable oral regimen of prolonged-release VPA tablets (Depakene-R), 400 mg twice a day, for seizure control. Twelve courses of CSF perfusion chemotherapy with Ara-C, MTX, and ACNU were administered. Plasma samples and CSF samples via Ommaya reservoirs were obtained during the eleventh course of treatment. The Ara-C and ACNU concentrations were measured by HPLC. The MTX and VPA concentrations were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. During CSF perfusion chemotherapy, the highest CSF concentrations of Ara-C, MTX, and ACNU were observed at the end of the perfusion and decreased in a monoexponential pattern. The half-lives of Ara-C, MTX, and ACNU were 2.65, 3.52, and 0.71 h, respectively. No anticancer drugs were detectable in plasma during CSF perfusion chemotherapy. Before CSF perfusion chemotherapy, the free VPA concentration in plasma was 14.4% of the total VPA concentration. The mean total and free VPA concentrations in plasma were 78.0+/-0.8 and 10.9-0.3 microg/ml, respectively. The free VPA concentrations in plasma and in CSF were of similar values. At the end of perfusion, the lowest free VPA concentration in CSF was 30.3% of that at the initiation of perfusion. The free VPA concentrations in CSF at 3, 7, 23, and 47 h after the end of perfusion were 79.8, 94.5, 100.9, and 100.9% respectively of that at the initiation of perfusion. During CSF perfusion chemotherapy, the ratio of free VPA concentrations to the total VPA in CSF was 86.3+/-6.9%. The VPA concentrations in CSF rapidly decreased during the CSF perfusion but recovered to pre-treatment levels within 7 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Physiological neuroendocrinology of peptides, steroids and other hormones in cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a conduit in neuroendocrine regulation. Valid assessment of normal cerebrospinal fluid levels of peptides, steroids and other hormones requires clarification of reference concentrations in control patients and normal volunteers. Awareness of factors which may alter neuronal activity and, in turn, the relative composition of cerebrospinal fluid constituents is essential to the accurate sampling and hormonal analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

Spinal trauma: pharmacological evidence for vasoconstrictor activity in cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid from six cases of acute spinal trauma collected 0--6 days after injury was examined for vasoconstrictor activity using both human isolated cerebral arteries and animal tissues. The cerebrospinal fluid of four out of six patients was vasoactive. The identities of the vasoconstrictor substances were not established, but experiments with pharmacological antagonists showed that arterial contractions were not due to serotonin, histamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine or angiotensin II, substances which are known potent spastic agents on cerebral arteries. Our findings would explain by the mechanism of arterial spasm, principally in the anterior spinal artery, the neuropathological appearance of central haemorrhagic necrosis in spinal cord injury. The infarction of the core of the spinal cord could be caused by vasoconstrictor substances, reported here, in the cerebrospinal fluid after spinal injury. If the identities of the substances could be established, drug therapy to prevent or relieve the spasm would be possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cerebrospinal fluid infusion in children. Part II: Clinical application of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid infusion in children with macrocephaly and normal growth rate of the head circumference.

In fourteen children with macrocephaly and a normal growth rate of the head circumference, the CSF dynamics were studied by means of the lumbar CSF infusion test with constant flow. We discuss the significance of the outflow resistance together with the advantage of the Pressure Volume Index, which constitute the major parameters of the test. On the basis of computed tomography, we were able to show a differentiation in macrocephaly between megalencephaly, so-called external ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus. We were not able to establish a disturbance of the CSF dynamics in megalencephaly and external ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. In communicating hydrocephalus, CSF absorption was normal, whilst the Pressure Volume Index was elevated. As far as we have been able to ascertain, we are the first in the field to point to a positive correlation between ventricular size and Pressure Volume Index in children with moderately enlarged CSF-spaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Demonstration of T lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was allowed to drop straight into Hanks's balanced salt solution. After centrifugation the pellet was resuspended and mixed with sheep erythrocytes. The mixture was further handled as in the E-rosette test with peripheral blood lymphocytes. CSF from 20 individuals were investigated, and rosette-forming cells (RFC) were found in all. Six patients with normal fluid had between 46% and 83% RFC. Four patients with multiple sclerosis had increased numbers of RFC (94%-96%). Low numbers of RFC were found in one patient with cerebellar ataxia and in one of two patients with acute viral meningitis. With this technique RFC can be counted even in normal CSF with a 3-ml sample.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1989

[The hemostatic properties of the cerebrospinal fluid].

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) thromboplastic, anticoagulative, and fibrinolytic properties were examined in patients with brain injuries of different etiology (traumas, infarctions, hemorrhages, meningitides or meningoencephalitides), basing on CSF coagulograms. CSF thromboplastic activity and decreased anticoagulative activity were detected in all cases of brain injuries. Increased fibrinolytic activity of CSF correlated well with the lethal outcome in brain damage. The pathogenesis and validity of CSF hemostatic properties in patients with different brain injuries are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin E (tocopherols) in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were obtained at the time of myelographic examinations from 40 adult, male, human subjects with no neurologic or metabolic abnormalities. Vitamin E (tocopherols) concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography. In subjects with normal concentrations of CSF protein (n = 22), the alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations were 29.2 +/- 9.5 (mean +/- SD) and 6.5 +/- 3.6 nmol/L, respectively, in CSF and 26.0 +/- 8.1 and 6.0 +/- 3.6 mumol/L, respectively, in serum. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in CSF correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with both total protein and albumin concentrations, suggesting that tocopherol transport into CSF is linked with that of plasma proteins. In vitro oxidation of vitamin E in CSF by the free-radical generator 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride showed a measurable induction (lag) period. This is due to the presence of other antioxidants in human CSF.

Adult↗