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Results for “CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of dengue virus-induced cytotoxin on capillary permeability.

Capillary permeability is increased in cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) but its genesis is not known. Dengue type 2 virus (DV) induces production of a cytokine (CF2) by mouse macrophages. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of CF2 on capillary permeability. It was observed that intraperitoneal inoculation of CF2 in mice increased the capillary permeability in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by leakage of intravenously injected radioactive iodine (125I) or Evan's blue dye in the peritoneal cavity. Peak leakage occurred at 30 min and the vascular integrity was restored by 1-2 h. The increase in capillary permeability was abrogated by pretreatment of mice with avil (H1 receptor blocker) but not by ranitidine (H2 receptor blocker). The findings thus show that DV-induced CF2 increases the capillary permeability via release of histamine.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Reduced capillary permeability and capillary density in the skin of GH-deficient adults: improvement after 12 months GH replacement.

OBJECTIVE: Several lines of evidence suggest that the GH-IGF-1 axis affects capillary permeability and angiogenesis. We evaluated skin capillary permeability and capillary density in GH-deficient adults, before and after GH replacement therapy. PATIENTS: Seven normotensive, nondiabetic GH-deficient adults (two women) were matched with 14 control subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Large-window videodensitometry with sodium fluorescein was performed in all subjects. Capillary permeability was expressed as the average relative light intensity over the first 7 min after the appearance of fluorescein in the skin capillaries; Iav(7). Skin capillary density was determined by counting the visualized capillaries and was expressed as n/mm2. The GH-deficient patients were restudied after 12 months of GH replacement therapy (2 U/day). RESULTS: Both capillary permeability and capillary density were lower in untreated GH-deficient patients than in control subjects (median, interquartile range): Iav(7) in GH-deficient patients 47.1 (45.1-52.2)% vs. 57.5 (50.5-64.8)% in controls, P < 0.05; capillary density in GH-deficient patients 18 (12-24)/mm2 vs. 32 (26-36)/mm2 in controls, P < 0.05. GH treatment normalized plasma IGF-1 from 4.3 (1.0-13.4) to 22.2 (19.8-48.2) nmol/l (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both capillary permeability [Iav(7) 53.1 (48.8-58.4)%, P < 0.05] and capillary density [26 (17-34)/mm2, P < 0.05] increased to a level that was not different from that in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the growth hormone deficiency syndrome is associated with microvascular alterations, which are responsive to growth hormone replacement therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Factors in snake venoms that increase capillary permeability.

Capillary permeability increasing (CPI) activity is a phenomenon of the microvasculature caused by many agents such as snake venoms, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Since no systematic study has been done to determine what components of snake venom cause CPI activity, a CPI factor from Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra) venom was isolated using intravenous injections of Evan's blue dye as the indicator of increased permeability and the factor's properties were extensively studied. Cardiotoxin from Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand cobra) and Mojave toxin from Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) venoms demonstrated CPI activity. Postsynaptic neurotoxins from an elapid and a hydrophid and myotoxin a from Crotalus viridis viridis (prairie rattlesnake) showed no CPI activity at the dose studied. The purified CPI active component from Naja naja atra venom was found to have cardiotoxic activity. Therefore, Elapidae cardiotoxins are CPI active factors. However, CPI activity is not due to cardiotoxins alone as the presynaptic neurotoxin, Mojave toxin, also showed CPI activity. Selective inhibitors were used to indicate possible mechanisms of action on the capillaries by Naja naja atra venom and Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom. The histamine H1-receptor blockers diphenhydramine, promethazine, and cyproheptadine were effective against both venoms in preventing increased capillary permeability. These results suggested that histamine release activity is the most likely mechanism resulting in CPI activity from these venoms.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Effect of endothelin and endothelin receptor blockade on capillary permeability in experimental pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Capillary leakage with fluid loss into the third space contributes to many of the early systemic complications in severe acute pancreatitis. There has been increasing interest in endothelin as one of the factors affecting capillary permeability. AIM: To elucidate further the role of endothelin in the development of capillary leakage in acute pancreatitis by investigating the effect of exogenous endothelin administration and endothelin receptor blockade in sham operated animals and two models of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Determination of capillary permeability in the pancreas and colonic mucosa by quantifying extravasation of fluorescein labelled dextran using a novel computer assisted video image analysis system. RESULTS: Pancreatic and colonic capillary permeability increased stepwise from mild to severe acute pancreatitis. Endothelin increased pancreatic and colonic capillary permeability in healthy animals and animals with mild acute pancreatitis but had no additional adverse effect in severe acute pancreatitis. Endothelin receptor blockade decreased pancreatic capillary permeability in sham operated rats but had no effect on the colon. In mild and severe acute pancreatitis, endothelin receptor blockade stabilised increased capillary permeability in both the pancreas and colon. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelin plays an important role in mediating capillary permeability in the pancreas. In severe pancreatitis, it increases capillary permeability even outside the pancreas, thereby contributing to capillary leakage. Endothelin receptor blockade significantly reduces capillary permeability in acute pancreatitis both in and outside the pancreas, suggesting a therapeutic approach to counteract capillary leakage in severe acute pancreatitis.

Animals↗