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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Contouring the female buttocks. Liposculpting the buttocks.

Body sculpting has progressed during the past decade to a point where cosmetic units may be sculpted to improve contours which blend imperceptibly and appropriately with adjacent cosmetic units. The buttocks is ideally suited for sophisticated contouring as its frame is determined by the hips, thighs, and lower back and its proportions are balanced by the anterior projection of the breasts. In addition, ethnic differences in the shape and proportions of the buttocks create a variety of aesthetically pleasing variations in size and shape. The article attempts to elucidate these considerations combined with a logical surgical approach to achieve pleasing results in body sculpting.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Abdominal vs buttock adipose fat: relationships with children's serum lipid levels.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the extent to which the reported unfavorable fatty acid content of abdominal depots in adults is also true for children. In addition, the present study aims to assess the relative importance of abdominal vs buttock adipose tissue fat in the prediction of serum lipid levels in children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of children from the island of Crete. SETTING: The study was conducted between October 1999 and January 2000 in the Municipality of St Nikolas, Crete. SUBJECTS: A total of 475 children (aged 11-18) participated in the study. Data were obtained on children's anthropometry, serum lipids, physical activity and abdominal and buttock adipose tissue fatty acids. In total 138 children (aged 11-16) had complete data in all of the variables studied. RESULTS: Abdominal depots have elevated proportions of saturated fatty acids (P<0.001) and trans fatty acids (P<0.001), and reduced proportions of monounsaturated (P<0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.001) in comparison to buttock depots. Buttock adipose tissue monounsaturated fat correlated negatively to serum LDL-C (P<0.05). Abdominal adipose tissue polyunsaturated fat had negative correlations with serum total cholesterol (P<0.05) and LDL-C (P<0.05). Regression analyses indicated that children's serum total cholesterol (P<0.05) and LDL-C (P<0.05) were inversely related to abdominal adipose tissue polyunsaturated fat. Body mass index was positively related to serum triglycerides (P<0.01) and LDL-C (P<0.01), and negatively to serum HDL-C (P<0.05). Age was negatively related to serum HDL-C (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that, similar to adults, children's fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue is less favorable than that of the buttock. Abdominal depots have elevated proportions of saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat in comparison to buttock depots. Moreover, children's abdominal depots appear to have higher trans fatty acid contents than buttock depots. Children's adipose polyunsaturated fat, a biomarker of long-term polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, is inversely related to serum total cholesterol and LDL-C. It appears that abdominal adipose tissue fatty acids are more strongly related to serum lipids than buttock adipose tissue fatty acids. This may be attributed to the reported higher lipolysis rates in abdominal as opposed to buttock depots. SPONSORSHIP: Funding was provided by the Municipality of St Nikolas, Crete, Greece.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of herpes simplex virus from the genital tract during symptomatic recurrence on the buttocks.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from the genital tract when recurrent herpes lesions were present on the buttocks. METHODS: Data were extracted from a prospectively observed cohort attending a research clinic for genital herpes infections between 1975 and 2001. All patients with a documented herpes lesion on the buttocks, upper thigh or gluteal cleft ("buttock recurrence") and concomitant viral cultures from genital sites including the perianal region were eligible. RESULTS: We reviewed records of 237 subjects, 151 women and 86 men, with a total of 572 buttock recurrences. Of the 1,592 days with genital culture information during a buttock recurrence, participants had concurrent genital lesions on 311 (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14-27%) of these days. Overall, HSV was isolated from the genital region on 12% (95% CI 8-17%) of days during a buttock recurrence. In the absence of genital lesions, HSV was isolated from the genital area on 7% (95% CI 4%-11%) of days during a buttock recurrence and, among women, from the vulvar or cervical sites on 1% of days. CONCLUSION: Viral shedding of herpes simplex virus from the genital area is a relatively common occurrence during a buttock recurrence of genital herpes, even without concurrent genital lesions, reflecting perhaps reactivation from concomitant regions of the sacral neural ganglia. Patients with buttock herpes recurrences should be instructed about the risk of genital shedding during such recurrences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The shape of the buttocks. A useful guide for selection of anesthesia and patient position in anorectal surgery.

Recognition of the different shapes of the buttocks will help surgeons to appropriately select patients for anorectal surgery. Basically, there are three types of buttocks. In Type A, the mounds of the buttock make a low and gentle slope with the anal verge. In Type B, the mounds of the buttock are high and rise almost straight up from the anal verge. In Type C, the anus is located more anteriorly than normally. Patients with Type A buttocks are ideal candidates to use local anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy because it is easy to infiltrate the anesthetic agent into the anal canal. With Type C, this is somewhat more difficult, but no significant problem exists. For Type B buttocks, general or spinal anesthesia is recommended. For Types A and C buttocks, a lithotomy position will give an excellent exposure of the anorectal lumen for stripping the mucosa and submucosa. For Type B buttocks, a prone jack-knife position gives the best exposure.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous angioplasty of the superior gluteal artery for buttock claudication: a report of seven cases and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Buttock claudication due to stenosis or occlusion of the superior gluteal artery is infrequent. The recent development of noninvasive gluteal duplex scanning, combined with aortoiliac angiography using oblique projections and the availability of low-profile devices for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), led us to review our recent experience concerning the diagnosis and mid-term results of PTA for superior gluteal artery stenosis or occlusion. METHODS: The files of all patients who had been treated in our department by PTA for superior gluteal artery stenosis or occlusion with buttock claudication were analyzed retrospectively, and any associated arterial lesions, morbidity, restenosis, or recurrent buttock claudication were noted. Outcomes were compared with published reports. RESULTS: Retrospective review identified six patients (5 men, 1 woman; mean age, 64 years) with seven cases of buttock claudication (1 bilateral localization) who had undergone PTA within the past 2 years. There was no case of isolated buttock claudication. Buttock claudication was associated with impotence, thigh claudication, or calf claudication in seven cases. Gluteal duplex scans were performed for three of the patients diagnosed with two stenoses and one occlusion. Aortoiliac angiography revealed five superior gluteal artery stenoses and two occlusions. PTA without stenting was successful in all cases, without morbidity or mortality. During a mean follow-up of 13 months, restenosis occurred in one patient. A repeat PTA without stenting was successful, with resolution of the buttock claudication. CONCLUSIONS: Buttock claudication due to superior gluteal artery stenosis is probably underestimated when gluteal duplex scanning and aortoiliac angiography with oblique projections are not performed. PTA gives good results, and the procedure can be repeated should restenosis occur.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Coordinated ground forces exerted by buttocks and feet are adequately programmed for weight transfer during sit-to-stand.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether weight transfer during sit-to-stand (STS) is the result of coordinated ground forces exerted by buttocks and feet before seat-off. Whole-body kinematics and three-dimensional ground forces from left and right buttock as well as from left and right foot were recorded for seven adults during STS. We defined a preparatory phase from onset of the first detectable anterior/posterior (A/P) force to seat-off (buttock forces fell to 0) and a rising phase from seat-off to the decrease of center of mass (CoM) vertical velocity to zero. STS was induced by an increase of vertical and backward directed ground forces exerted by the buttocks that significantly preceded the onset of any trunk movement. All ground forces peaked before or around the moment of seat-off, whereas all kinematic variables, except trunk forward rotation and hip flexion, peaked after seat-off, during or after the rising phase. The present study suggests that the weight transfer from sit to stand is induced by ground forces exerted by buttocks and feet before seat-off, i.e., during the preparatory phase. The buttocks generate the isometric "rising forces," e.g., the propulsive impulse for the forward acceleration of the body, while the feet apply adequate damping control before seat-off. This indicates that the rising movement is a result of these coordinated forces, targeted to match the subject's weight and support base distance between buttocks and feet. The single peaked, bell-shaped profiles peaking before seat-off, were seen beneath buttocks for the "rising drive," i.e., between the time of peak backward directed force and seat-off, as well as beneath the feet for the "damping drive," i.e., from onset to the peak of forward-directed force and for CoM A/P velocity. This suggests that both beginning and end of the weight transfer process are programmed before seat-off. The peak deceleration of A/P CoM took place shortly ( approximately 100 ms) after CoM peak velocity, resulting in a well controlled CoM deceleration before seat-off. In contrast to the view of other authors, this suggests that body equilibrium is controlled during weight transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of buttock claudication with hypogastric artery stump pressure measurement and near infrared spectroscopy after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVE: We explored the usefulness of intraoperative measurement of hypogastric artery (HGA) stump pressure (HGA-SP) and postoperative near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in evaluating buttock claudication (BC) after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients who were undergoing AAA repair were enrolled. The HGA was ligated bilaterally in 5 patients, unilaterally in 12, and preserved in 3. The HGA-SP was measured intraoperatively. Postoperatively, NIRS was used to evaluate buttock muscle ischemia during walking. RESULTS: Six patients had unilateral and 1 bilateral BC after AAA repairs. The median HGA-SP brachial pressure index (HBI) was 0.62 (range: 0.45-0.64) in 8 claudicating buttocks and 0.76 (range: 0.63-0.90) in 13 asymptomatic buttocks (p < 0.0005). The HBI was <0.65 in all claudicating buttocks, whereas it was >0.63 in asymptomatic buttocks. In all 8 claudicating buttocks, NIRS showed the ischemic pattern with recovery time lasting more than 240 s. CONCLUSIONS: An HBI below 0.65 may be a predictor of BC after AAA repair. NIRS appears to be a useful noninvasive method for evaluating BC after AAA.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Case-control study of melanocytic nevi on the buttocks in atypical mole syndrome: role of solar radiation in the pathogenesis of atypical moles.

BACKGROUND: It is not known why melanocytic nevi (MN) become dysmorphic (atypical) in patients with the atypical mole syndrome (AMS). A complex origin for acquired MN has been postulated. Genetic predisposition, solar radiation, and/or the formation of a sun-induced circulating mitogenic factor may contribute to the formation of MN. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to help elucidate the pathogenesis of atypical MN in patients with AMS. METHODS: The number of common and atypical MN was determined for a defined sun-protected area on the buttocks in 150 patients with AMS (cases) and 150 control subjects without AMS. Patients and control subjects were matched for age and sex and were classified into risk groups for the development of malignant melanoma according to the Rigel classification. RESULTS: MN on the buttocks were found in 23% of patients with AMS and 9% of control subjects (p < 0.003). In patients versus control subjects the mean number (1.3 vs 1.2, respectively) and mean diameter (5.7 vs 5.9 mm, respectively) of MN on the buttocks did not differ significantly. The MN in both patients and control subjects were not atypical clinically. The odds ratio for having AMS if MN were present on the buttocks was calculated to be 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.95). CONCLUSION: Although the patients were 2.6 times more likely to have MN on their buttocks than the control subjects, clinically the MN did not differ significantly in number or appearance from those found on the buttocks of control subjects. It is hypothesized that the formation of some atypical MN requires direct solar radiation for their phenotypic expression.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Contouring buttock reconstruction after sacrococcygeal teratoma resection.

PURPOSE: Massive sacrococcygeal teratomas are typically resected and closed in a "chevron" fashion. The resultant scar may leave protuberant "dog ears" and extend across and below the infragluteal creases down onto the posterior thighs, causing undesirable buttock deformity. Given the redundant skin often available, the authors sought to develop a closure technique to minimize deformity and unpleasant scars. METHODS: At the time of resection of 2 sacrococcygeal teratomas, attention was directed to minimizing redundant skin, restoring normal buttock contour, and avoiding scars crossing the infragluteal crease. After properly securing the anal location, serial polygonal skin excisions were performed, working the excess tissue centrally rather than peripherally, leaving 2 right-angled scars on each buttock. RESULTS: Each infant underwent successful reconstruction with a normal buttock contour without redundancy. All scars on the buttocks can be easily covered by bathing attire. CONCLUSIONS: The excess skin expanded by large sacrococcygeal teratomas affords an opportunity to apply straightforward tissue rearrangement principles to reconstruct the buttocks with a normal contour and hidden scars.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1991

Reflex anal dilatation: effect of parting the buttocks on anal function in normal subjects and patients with anorectal and spinal disease.

Anal dilatation in response to gentle parting of the buttocks has been advocated as a sign of sexual abuse in children, but nothing is known of the physiology of this response or its existence in normal subjects, in patients with spinal disease, and in patients with a weak sphincter and whether it can be elicited after training. To answer these questions we investigated the effect of parting the buttocks on anal function. Combined anal manometry and electromyography was conducted in six normal subjects (five men, one woman, aged 19-53 years), in 18 patients with faecal incontinence (three men, 15 women, aged 30-80 years), and in seven paraplegic patients (six men, one woman, aged 25-36 years), in four of whom the posterior sacral roots had been cut. Parting the buttocks in normal subjects reduced the pressure in the anal canal from 102 (20) to 14 (3) cm H2O (mean (SEM), p less than 0.00001), but did not cause the anus to gape. This drop in pressure was associated with increased electrical activity in the external anal sphincter. Normal subjects could consciously relax the external anal sphincter and reduce the anal pressure but not so as to result in anal gaping during traction on the buttocks, even after anal dilatation. Stimulation of the anal lining by moving a probe in and out of the anal canal increased the activity of the external anal sphincter, raising anal pressures. Paraplegic patients who had lost conscious control of their external sphincters showed anal gaping when the buttocks were parted. A similar phenomenon was seen in patients with faecal incontinence who had weakness of the external anal sphincter, while incontinent patients with weakness of both sphincters showed anal gaping even at rest. Inasmuch as the results of our study can be applied to children, the data suggest that reflex anal dilatation should only be used to support a diagnosis of sexual abuse if sphincter function is otherwise normal and there is no evidence of cerebrospinal disease. Although our results do not support the notion that children could become so conditioned to repeated digital or penile penetration of the anus that they can cause the anus to gape when the buttocks are parted, neither do they exclude it.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What makes buttocks beautiful? A review and classification of the determinants of gluteal beauty and the surgical techniques to achieve them.

BACKGROUND: No reports can be found in medical literature describing the anatomic details that make the buttocks beautiful, nor the defects in this region that can help the surgeon decide whether gluteal prostheses are necessary or not, and, if so, which type, design, and volume of prostheses should be used, in which plane they should be placed, and so forth. METHODS: The authors studied 1,320 photographs of nude women and measured 132 female patients ages 16 to 62 years. They found that four characteristics determine attractive buttocks. They also found the balanced anatomic dimension of the maximal gluteal projection. RESULTS: On the basis of the information obtained, the defects of the gluteal region were classified into five types, resulting in surgical recommendations intended to achieve buttocks as close as possible to the standard of beauty, with the right volume and projection. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that surgery for correction of the buttocks involves more than projection and volume. The surgeon must be familiar with the "signs" of beauty so an attempt can be made to recreate them. Most importantly, the surgeon should achieve buttocks with projection and volume. However, these must be in a balanced proportion with the rest of the body.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

"Universal" and ethnic ideals of beautiful buttocks are best obtained by autologous micro fat grafting and liposuction.

Recently there has been a dramatic increase in the number of patients seeking buttocks enhancement and in the degree of augmentation requested. To fulfill these requests,aesthetic plastic surgeons must understand the patient's personal requests and ethnic identity, as well as any universal ideal of proportions and contours that create the impression of beautiful buttocks. "Universally" perceived ideal buttocks are 1.4 times the circumference of the waist, which is consistent cross-culturally and throughout history. Beyond this are important ethnic differences in the image of perfect buttocks shape. The combination of autologous micro fat grafting and liposuction is the best and possibly only way to obtain various ideal shapes, and offers a lower incidence of complications compared with buttock implants.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

The gluteal-fold flap for vulvar and buttock reconstruction: anatomic study and adjustment of flap volume.

The ideal skin-flap reconstruction provides functional preservation and a good cosmetic outcome in both the reconstructed site and the donor site. Although various flaps are used for reconstruction of the vulvar and buttock region, there are disadvantages associated with each. In 1996, Yii and Niranjan reported the gluteal-fold flap for vulvar reconstruction. As presently used, this flap is bulky, particularly in obese patients or when used for hemilateral reconstruction. Thinning the flap has been considered impossible because of the obscurity of the blood supply. In the study presented here, the pedicle vessels of this flap were studied in eight cadavers; the authors found that the flap is nourished by a direct cutaneous system of the internal pudendal artery and vein. Accordingly, adjustment of the flap volume was believed to be possible, with the exception of the adipose tissue containing the pedicle vessels. The authors have since used 14 thinned flaps for seven vulvar, one vaginal, and two buttock defects in 10 patients. All flaps survived completely. Good functional and cosmetic results were achieved with hemilateral or bilateral flaps in vulvar or buttock reconstruction. In the buttock in particular, the usefulness of this flap for anal and pelvic-floor reconstruction was demonstrated. The scar at the donor site, concealed in the gluteal fold, was acceptable. The gluteal-fold flap is very useful for various vulvar and buttock reconstructions because it can be adjusted to the required volume.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Buttock soft tissue sarcoma: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Primary buttock soft tissue sarcomas in adults are common entities that have been infrequently reported (three clinical series and isolated case reports). We present our experience of buttock sarcomas to better characterize and define the natural history of this condition. METHODS: Buttock tumors occurring in adults (>16 years) between January 1990 and January 2002 were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital's Sarcoma Unit prospective database. RESULTS: Seventy-three buttock sarcomas were evaluated and treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital during this period. Liposarcoma (n = 19), leiomyosarcoma (n = 13), and synovial sarcoma (n = 9) were the most frequent histological types. There were 8 T1 and 61 T2 tumors, and size was not available in 4 patients. Most tumors (n = 64) were located deep to the deep fascia. There were 15 grade 1, 20 grade 2, and 37 grade 3 tumors, and grade was not available in 1 patient. There were 29 tumors contained within the gluteus maximus. Wide excision was performed in 50 patients. Local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in 15 and 35 patients with a median time of 18 and 8 months, respectively. The rate of local recurrence at 2 years was 20.9% (SE, 6.8%). The 2-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 64.1% (SE, 6.7%) and 48.5% (SE, 6.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Buttock sarcomas present special surgical difficulties because of proximity of the sciatic nerve and the ability of tumors at this site to extend into the pelvis and perineum. Size and grade of the tumor were independent predictors for disease-free and overall survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Subcutaneous fat distribution of the abdomen and buttocks in Japanese women aged 20 to 58 years.

Subcutaneous fat is an essential element in shaping the body of human beings. In this research, skinfold thickness was measured specifically in 33 regions of the human body, including the abdomen and buttocks. Based on our measurements, the subcutaneous fat distribution was assessed for several age groups. The subjects were healthy Japanese women aged 20 to 58 years. Skinfold thickness was measured using the B-mode ultrasound methods, together with anthropometric measurement. A comparison was made between the following five age groups: early 20's, late 20's, 30's, 40's and 50's. The measured values for the early 20's group were used as the standard and the relationship between increase ratio of subcutaneous fat and age was studied. Through our research, we obtained data on the subcutaneous fat distribution in each age group. The largest change was observed between the ages of the early 20's and late 20's. The skinfold thickness measurements of the abdomen and buttocks was consistently around 10 mm for the early 20's, and increased up to 23.8 mm on the rear side section for the late 20's. This result indicates that the increase ratio varied depending on the part of body. Furthermore, the changes in skinfold thickness were different in specific parts of the abdomen and buttocks among different age groups. The difference in skinfold thickness between upper and lower sections of the abdomen also becomes more pronounced with age. Skinfold thickness increased significantly between the early 20's and late 20's. Among the body regions, measurements at the rear side showed the largest change with age; averaging 11.3 mm for the early 20's compared to 33.6 mm for the 50's. The subcutaneous fat distribution on the buttock also showed the differences with age, indicating changes in body shape. Using careful measurements of the abdomen and buttocks, subcutaneous fat distribution among each age group was determined as well as the variation in changes with the aging process.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Effect of controlled volumetric tissue heating with radiofrequency on cellulite and the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks and thighs.

BACKGROUND: Regardless of diet and exercise, genetics plays an important part in creating puckering skin or dimples, which are difficult to hide at any age. The demand for a nonsurgical, noninvasive treatment of cellulite has inspired some manufacturers to invest in a new age of sophisticated devices and treatment therapies to repair the skin and improve contours. Although many of these new choices have demonstrated a smoothing effect (following a multitude of treatments), the objective documentation has in most cases been limited to biopsies, circumference measurements, and photographic evidence. HYPOTHESIS: We believe that the application of noninvasive high-energy radiofrequency (RF) to the skin of the thigh and buttocks heats the subcutaneous adipose tissue, causing collagen fibers to contract. The resulting impact to the subcutaneous tissue and collagen is expected to improve the skin's external architecture. Given that the subcutaneous tissue and adipose tissue are difficult to evaluate through histological methods, this investigation seeks to demonstrate the changes that occur when applying 2 treatments of high-energy RF on the subcutaneous tissue of thighs and buttocks utilizing real-time ultrasound image scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six healthy female patients (ages 18 to 50) with visible bilateral cellulite (grade 1 to 3) on either the buttocks and/or thighs received 2 treatment sessions (15 days apart) of unipolar RF using the Accent RF System (Alma Lasers Inc). The system utilizes a unipolar RF applicator that is electrically cooled to aid in patient comfort during the treatment. Appropriate energy was set and the treatment was delivered in 3 passes of 30 seconds each. Evaluation of the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue on buttocks and thighs took place before the first treatment, second treatment, and 15 days following the second treatment with a with real-time scanning image ultrasound (Philips Medical Systems). Clinical improvement was objectively evaluated through comparative pre- and post-treatment measurements of the distance between the stratum corneum to the Camper's fascia and from the stratum corneum to the muscle. The study also evaluated the structure and changes of the collagen (thickening and realignment of septae) resulting from 2 treatments of RE Photography was used to document contour and superficial changes. RESULTS: From the measurements of the distance between the stratum corneum to the Camper's fascia and from the stratum corneum to the muscle we were able to demonstrate that 68% of the patients presented a contraction of the volume of approximately 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the demonstrated results with real-time ultrasound scanning, we have observed that 2 RF treatments on the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks and thighs provide a volumetric contraction effect in the majority of patients. This validates the primary hypothesis of our protocol and establishes that the RF energy works on the connective tissue of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This effect should be the same on any other body part.

Adolescent↗