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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Prevalence, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. among children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Campylobacter species are major causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, yet their burden remains underestimated in West Africa due to diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. From 1 May 2023 to 30 April 2024, 383 stool samples were collected at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P&#xe9;diatrique Charles de Gaulle. Samples were analyzed using standard culture on Karmali selective agar and biochemical identification via the API Campy system. AMR testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 33 samples (8.6% prevalence). Infection was significantly associated with the 12-23 months age group (48.5%; P < 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni was the most common species (42.4%), followed by C. coli (21.2%) and C. fetus subsp. fetus (21.2%). Other species included C. hyointestinalis (6.1%), C. sputorum (6.1%), and C. lari (3.0%). Alarmingly, 100% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. High resistance rates were also observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.9%) and ciprofloxacin (75.8%). Gentamicin showed the highest susceptibility (57.6%). All isolates (100%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). These results highlight a high prevalence of MDR Campylobacter in Ouagadougou, with total resistance to erythromycin, the first-line treatment. The identification of C. fetus at 42&#xb0;C suggests a high environmental and zoonotic pressure. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and updated clinical management guidelines for pediatric diarrhea in the region.IMPORTANCEThis study highlights the burden and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. among children under five with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso. Culture-based detection identified Campylobacter in 8.6% of children, confirming its role as an important but under-recognized cause of pediatric diarrheal disease. High levels of antimicrobial resistance, including complete resistance to erythromycin, raise concerns about the effectiveness of commonly used treatment options. The identification of multiple Campylobacter species, including C. fetus, suggests a broader diversity of circulating strains and possible zoonotic transmission pathways. These findings provide valuable baseline data to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance, improve diagnostic practices, and support evidence-based treatment strategies in West African settings.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Deciphering mixed infections by plant RNA virus and reconstructing complete genomes simultaneously present within-host.

Local co-circulation of multiple phylogenetic lineages is particularly likely for rapidly evolving pathogens in the current context of globalisation. When different phylogenetic lineages co-occur in the same fields, they may be simultaneously present in the same host plant (i.e. mixed infection), with potentially important consequences for disease outcome. This is the case in Burkina Faso for the rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which is endemic to Africa and a major constraint on rice production. We aimed to decipher the distinct RYMV isolates that simultaneously infect a single rice plant and to sequence their genomes. To this end, we tested different sequencing strategies, and we finally combined direct cDNA ONT (Oxford Nanopore Technology) sequencing with the bioinformatics tool RVhaplo. This method was validated by the successful reconstruction of two viral genomes that were less than a hundred nucleotides apart (out of a genome of 4450nt length, i.e. 2-3%), and present in artificial mixes at a ratio of up to a 99/1. We then used this method to subsequently analyze mixed infections from field samples, revealing up to three RYMV isolates within one single rice plant sample from Burkina Faso. In most cases, the complete genome sequences were obtained, which is particularly important for a better estimation of viral diversity and the detection of recombination events. The method described thus allows to identify various haplotypes of RYMV simultaneously infecting a single rice plant, obtaining their full-length sequences, as well as a rough estimate of relative frequencies within the sample. It is efficient, cost-effective, as well as portable, so that it could further be implemented where RYMV is endemic. Prospects include unravelling mixed infections with other RNA viruses that threaten crop production worldwide.

Genome, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Useless drugs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1976

The hydro-chemical and physical conditions of the environment of the immature stages of some species of the simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum complex (Diptera).

Water samples were collected from breeding sites of species of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnoslm complex in Upper Volta, Liberia and Cameroon during the dry season; and in Tanzania and Kenya at various seasons during a period of two years. The following 20 factors were analysed at 45 breeding sites: water temperature, current velocity, pH value, conductivity free carbon dioxide, oxygen content, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, total iron and organic substance (consumption of potassium permanganate). A number of notable differences in the chemical composition of the water of the breeding sites of 13 S. damnosum complex species were found, particularly with regard to the pH and conductivity. On the basis of these differences the various species can be divided into three main groups: Group I: 3 species (S. sanctipauli, S. yahense, "Menge"); breeding in sites with pH values always below 7 and conductivity values below 50 mumhos. Group II: 8 species (S. sirbanum, S. sudanense, S. damnosum s.s., S. squamosum, "Sanje", "Nkusi", "Nyamagasani", "Jovi"); breeding in watercourses with neutral, weakly acid or weakly alkaline reactions and conductivity values ranging from 50 to 150 mumhos. Group III: 2 species ("Kibwezi", "Kisiwani"); breeding in watercourses characterized by highly alkaline reactions with pH values between 7.7 and 10 and by conductivity values between 400 and 950 mumhos. The vectors of Onchocerca volvulus are included in group I and II only.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Epidemiology of human and animal brucellosis in western Africa. The results of six studies in the Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, and Nigeria].

Brucellosis has a two-fold importance in public health: the transmission of the disease to man by contact with animals or ingestion of raw milk is of direct importance; of indirect importance is the loss of animal protein. The authors have carried out ten epidemiological investigations in different bio-climatic zones of West Africa. More than 120 villages were evaluated. In each village, 100 persons were chosen at random and all or part of the animal population was also studied. Three tests were used for man: the melitin intradermal reaction, the sero-agglutination test of Wright and the complement fixation test. Three tests were used for the animals, the "ring-test" and the same serologic tests used for humans. The results indicated that brucellosis in animals exists in all regions but with varying rates. The bovine species seems to be the most contaminated. The enzooty becomes more widespread towards the South. Human brucellosis was not found to be of great importance in the regions mainly populated by farmers. Shepherds and their families in these zones, however, were found to have been infected. The highest percentage of infected humans was found in the sahelian zone (in Dori 30% of the intradermal reactions and 10% of serologies were positive for humans) in spite of a rather low infection rate among animals (6%-8% ring-tests positive among cattle). The majority of the population are shepherds and close cohabitation with animals is common. A basic dietary constituent is milk, which is often consumed raw (variable according to ethnic group), and provides the principal source of animal protein. Adults were found to have a significantly higher intradermal reaction rate in most of the regions studied. The positivity rate was higher in men than in women. In non-pastoral areas the shepherds and their families had a singificantly higher positivity rate than the general population. Ethnic differences were found. Also considered in this paper are intradermal reaction sizes, the relation between intradermal and serologic results, the modes of human transmission of the disease, and the relationship between human and animal forms of brucellosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[15 new serotypes of Salmonella of subgenus I isolated in Africa].

Filteen new serotypes of Salmonella belonging to the sub-genus I have been isolated in Africa. Isolated in Ivory Coast: S. dabou (8,20:Z4,Z23,l,W), S. elokate (9,12:c:1,7), S. assinie (3,10:1,w:Z5), S. anna (13,23:Z35:e,n,Z16), S. mpouto (16:m,t:-), S. banco (28:r:1,7), S. abidjan (38:b:l,w); in Senegal: S. bignona (17:b:e,n,Z15), S. lode (17:r:1,2), S. derkle (52,e,h:1,7); in Tchad: S. moussoro (1,6,14,25:i:e,n,Z15), S. drogana (1,4,12,27:r,i:e,n,Z15); in Algeria: S. hydra (21:c:1,6); in Haute-Volta S. farakan (28:Z10:1,5); in Republique Centrafricaine: S. babili (28:Z35:1,7).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic structure of the Voltaic population of the Mossi plateau (Upper Volta)].

This study is about the placement of genetic markers of the "erythrocytaire ABO system". The area of study is the people of the central region of Upper Volta that is to say the following ethnic groups: Mossi, Bissa, Gourounsi, Samo, Peulh. The analysis of results permits us to conclude that the population of the central region is divided into two distinct groups: one group made up of the Bissa, Mossi, Gourounsi, Samo ethnic groups, constituting with respect to the "system ABO" a uniform population. And secondly a group constituted by the Peulh ethnic group which is different from the first group. The calculation of the inter-ethnic "genetic-distances" permits to see the similarities and the differences that one can conclude and discover between the diverse groups. Some studies to take place in the future in the east and west will permit us to further complete the map of "genetic distances" between ethnic groups of Upper-volta.

ABO Blood-Group System↗