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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Reflections on the health budget. A preliminary analysis of the 1974/75 Ministry of Health budget.

This paper describes the 1974/75 Budget, and analysis it in terms of allocations to Medical Care, Public Health and Training functions as well as by allocations to Regions. 80% of the Health Vote goes into Curative or Medical Care, 12% into the Preventive Services, 6% into Trining and the rest to Headquarters. It brings out the great disparities among the Health Care System of the various Regions, and suggests also that the method of the presentation of the Health Budget makes it difficult to understand resource allocations within the Health Sector.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1978

Zero-base budgeting and the library.

This paper describes the application of zero-base budgeting to libraries and the procedures involved in setting up this type of budget. It describes the "decision packages" necessary when this systmem is employed, as well as how to rank the packages and the problems which are related to the process. Zero-base budgeting involves the entire staff of a library, and the incentive engendered makes for a better and more realistic budget. The paper concludes with the problems which one might encounter in zero-base budgeting and the major benefits of the system.

Budgets↗
PubMed1975

Input-output analysis and the hospital budgeting process.

Two hospitals budget systems, a conventional budget and an input-output budget, are compared to determine how they affect management decisions in pricing, output, planning, and cost control. Analysis of data from a 210-bed not-for-profit hospital indicates that adoption of the input-output budget could cause substantial changes in posted hospital rates in individual departments but probably would have no impact on hospital output determination. The input-output approach promises to be a more accurate system for cost control and planning because, unlike the conventional approach, it generates objective signals for investigating variances of expenses from budgeted levels.

Accounting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational staffing of hospital nursing services by functional activity budgeting.

Nursing services are a costly item in the hospital budget, yet their justification is usually based on precedent and anecdote. Patient classification systems enable quantification of the nursing load on a daily basis. This methodology for determining the size of the nursing staff, however, has not gained widespread use because it tends to formalize existing staffing patterns. At the Johns Hopkins Hospital, physicians and nurses drew up a list of activities that should be performed for patients and that need to be considered in budgeting for nursing services. The largest and most variable components of the nursing workload are the tasks specified by physicians' orders and the nursing care plan. A computerized information system which communicates these orders can also be used to quantify these components of the nursing workload, since standard times to perform these tasks have been documented. The variability of these tasks from day to day and from patient to patient is the source of most of the problems of staffing. Other components of the workload, such as patient education, depend on the nursing program desired and must be added separately. Budget decisions can then be based upon the specific nursing functions which the hospital desires to perform. The technique of functional activity budgeting can also be used for the utilization review of physicians' use of nursing services.

Economics, Hospital↗
PubMed1978

The Carter administration's health budget: charting new priorities with limited dollars.

Although the budget is described by the Administration as a "full statement of its priorities," policy and spending are bound by past decisions. New program initiatives are limited to a few discretionary programs under the Public Health Service, but the massive budget does reveal personal preferences of the President and the Secretary. Some of these choices may not find congressional favor; yet the entire budget process shows the Democrats again endorsing the categorical approach reminiscent of the New Deal and the Great Society.

Budgets↗
PubMed1979

Programming, budgeting, and control in health care organization: the state of the art.

The planning, budgeting, and controlling processes (PBCP) largely subsume all of the planning and controlling activities of an organization. This paper discusses these activities within the context of a single management control system, focusing on three topics. First, a brief historical perspective of management concerns which relate to PBCP is presented and several important external pressures currently imposed on the health care industry are discussed. Second, normative models of the processes--programming, budgeting, and controlling--are presented. The discussion focuses on the elements and relationships of these processes, and numerous references to the literature are provided. Third, several issues related to the gap between the state of the art in PBCP for hospitals and the current state of practice are discussed.

Budgets↗
PubMed1979

Variable budgeting in the pharmacy.

Because the operation of the pharmacy department is critical to the successful financial management of any hospital, pharmacists need to develop systematic budgeting systems that truly reflect costs. The variable budgeting techniques proposed by this author can reflect fluctuations in the cost of drugs.

Budgets↗
PubMed1976

The 1977 U.S. budget: a time for choice?

This paper continues to spin the thread of previous analyses of the bleakness of the budgetary outlook in the United States and the difficulty of change. The budget remains mortgaged by actions in previous years, and the economic outlook is uncertain. "The politics of frugality" has come to dominate the American political scene, but the President's choices to reduce spending on human resource programs by $18 billion are more apparent than real. The new Congressional review procedures, a reaction to the Watergate years, interrelate budget with health policy and highlight the necessity for action to control medical care prices if any new federal initiatives, e.g. national health insurances, are to be budgetarily feasible.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Library management in the tight budget seventies. Problems, challenges, and opportunities.

This paper examines changes in the management of university, special, and medical libraries brought about by the budget curtailments that followed the more affluent funding period of the mid-1960s. Based on a study conducted for the National Science Foundation by the Indiana University Graduate Library School, this paper deals with misconceptions that have arisen in the relationship between publishers and librarians, and differentiates between the priority perceptions of academic and of special librarians in the allocation of progressively scarcer resources. It concludes that libraries must make strong efforts to reduce the growing erosion of materials acquisitions budgets because of growing labor costs as a percentage of all library expenditures; that they must make a working reality of the resource-sharing mechanisms established through consortia and networks; and that they must use advanced evaluative techniques in the determination of which services and programs to implement, expand, and retain, and which to curtail and abandon.

Economics↗
PubMed1979

Planning, budgeting, and controlling--one look at the future: case-mix cost accounting.

This paper outlines the system for cost accounting and managerial control which is an extension of the usually accepted departmental costing systems and takes as its units the 383 Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) considered to be the hospital's products. It is held that such an approach offers hospital managers a more powerful, analytic, budgeting, and cost-finding tool and offers the opportunity to involve the medical staff in the issues of how their practice patterns are affecting hospital costs.

Accounting↗
PubMed1978

Developing and implementing a personnel budget report.

Few issues are as vital to the health care industry as those surrounding the notion of cost containment and cost control. If hospital executives are to gain a handle by which to institute programs of cost containment, however, they must have access to pertinent and timely information on hospital operations. Because labor costs represent such a large percentage of total hospital costs, a personnel budgeting report can be a useful first step in gaining valuable management information.

Budgets↗
PubMed1978

Hospital libraries' consortium blunts impact of budget cuts.

Hospital libraries frequently are faced with increasing costs for journals and other educational resources, increasing demand for continuing education materials by health care professionals, and decreasing budgets to meet these needs. Several medical and hospital libraries in Illinois are providing continued, and possibly improved, services under budgetary constraints through a consortium that emphasizes sharing of resources, interlibrary loans, librarian consultation services, and cost-saving projects.

Budgets↗
PubMed2024

Predictions of rhizosphere microbiome dynamics with a genome-informed and trait-based energy budget model.

Soil microbiomes are highly diverse, and to improve their representation in biogeochemical models, microbial genome data can be leveraged to infer key functional traits. By integrating genome-inferred traits into a theory-based hierarchical framework, emergent behaviour arising from interactions of individual traits can be predicted. Here we combine theory-driven predictions of substrate uptake kinetics with a genome-informed trait-based dynamic energy budget model to predict emergent life-history traits and trade-offs in soil bacteria. When applied to a plant microbiome system, the model accurately predicted distinct substrate-acquisition strategies that aligned with observations, uncovering resource-dependent trade-offs between microbial growth rate and efficiency. For instance, inherently slower-growing microorganisms, favoured by organic acid exudation at later plant growth stages, exhibited enhanced carbon use efficiency (yield) without sacrificing growth rate (power). This insight has implications for retaining plant root-derived carbon in soils and highlights the power of data-driven, trait-based approaches for improving microbial representation in biogeochemical models.

Rhizosphere↗