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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of bruxism. Comparison of muscle activity during sleep between patients conscious of bruxism and those not conscious of the condition].

Bruxism has been considered to be one of the most important factors in accelerating the progression of established periodontal lesions. However the objective diagnostic method has not yet been established. At present, diagnosing bruxism might mainly be dependent on interview. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences in frequency and duration of bruxism between a group of patients conscious of the problem and a group not conscious of bruxism. After interviewing, the subjects were divided into two groups; 1) group A consisted of 8 subjects who were conscious of bruxism and 2) group B of 8 subjects who were not conscious of bruxism. The frequencies and durations of muscle activity during sleep at night were compared between groups A and B using EMG with a telemetric method. In the one-night observation, muscle activity supposed to be bruxism was observed in both groups. Significant differences in frequencies of muscle activity were not found between the two groups. A similar result was obtained in the durations of muscle activity. In a seven-day observation, muscle activity was seen in all three volunteers, although marked differences were not found among them. A long duration of muscle activity was found under conditions of physical or mental stress. The results of this study showed the difficulty of diagnosing bruxism by interview and the necessity of an objective method.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1995

Bruxism threshold: an explanation for successful treatment of the multifactorial aetiology of bruxism.

Many authors claim successful treatment of bruxism by various treatment modalities. This paper presents a review of the nature of bruxism, the multifactorial aetiology of bruxism and a discussion of successful treatment of bruxism by various treatment modalities. The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation for successful treatment of bruxism on the basis of decreasing or eliminating any one or more of the aetiological stimuli to a combined level below the bruxism threshold.

Bruxism↗
PubMed2001

Oral jaw behaviors in TMD and bruxism: a comparison study by severity of bruxism.

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of oral jaw behaviors concomitant to bruxism in TMD+bruxing behavior patients and in nonbruxer controls. Clinical examination, questionnaires, and specific criteria to allocate patients to mild, moderate, and severe groups of TMD and bruxers were used. The sample consisted of 274 TMD+bruxing behavior patients and 52 control non-bruxing behavior groups evaluated at the Center for the Study of TMD. The mean age of the TMD+bruxing behavior group was about 33.11 years old (range 16.66, SD = 11.52) as compared to 34.90 years old (range 17-67, SD = 14.26) in the control group. Oral jaw behaviors were assessed in the mild, moderate, and severe TMD+bruxing groups, and in the corresponding control group. It was found that the prevalence of oral jaw behaviors was higher in the TMD+bruxing behavior group as compared to the control. Hence, concomitant oral jaw behaviors predominated in bruxers and increased with its severity. The data reinforce the need to assess TMD patients in terms of the presence of bruxism, its severity, and concomitant oral jaw habits. Such approach will enable the clinician to have better understanding about the role of these behaviors in TMD. Epidemiological data was also provided regarding jutting the jaw forward (a rarely-described oral jaw habit) in a relatively large sample of TMD+bruxing patients, suggesting a more clinical intervention in children and adolescents. This study is the first to document the prevalence of specific oral jaw habits in a relatively large sample of TMD+bruxing behavior classified by degree of severity. Results suggest that TMD+bruxing patients may present many other additional oral jaw habits which may concur to increase masticatory muscle activity thus leading to TMD signs and symptoms. Factors responsible for the increased frequency of oral jaw habits with the severity of bruxism behavior remain unknown and therefore further studies are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of 2 sympatholytic medications--propranolol and clonidine--on sleep bruxism: experimental randomized controlled studies.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether 2 sympatholytic medications decrease sleep bruxism and prevent the rise in sympathetic activity preceding the onset of sleep bruxism: propranolol, a nonselective adrenergic beta-blocker, and clonidine, a selective alpha2-agonist. DESIGN: Experimental randomized controlled crossover studies with placebo and active treatments (propranolol 120 mg; clonidine 0.3 mg). SETTING: Hospital-based sleep research laboratory. PATIENTS: Twenty-five subjects with a history and diagnosis of SLEEP BRUXISM (11 men, 14 women; age range, 21 to 31 years). INTERVENTION: Polygraphic study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Polygraphic sleep laboratory recordings were done for 4 nights: the first night was habituation, the second, sleep bruxism diagnosis; and 3 and 4 were study nights. The sleep bruxism index was estimated using masseter muscle activity. Heart rate variability was estimated with spectral analysis of RR intervals. Sleep and sleep bruxism variables were not significantly influenced by propranolol. A reduction of the mean RR intervals and of the sympathetic dominance (p < .05) was seen. Under clonidine, duration of sleep stage 2 was prolonged, whereas REM sleep was suppressed in 14 of 16 subjects with sleep bruxism. The sleep bruxism index was reduced by 61% (p < .05). Under clonidine, a reduction in heart rate and sympathetic dominance was observed in stable sleep and in the minute preceding the onset of sleep bruxism (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Although propranolol did not affect sleep bruxism, clonidine decreased sympathetic tone in the minute preceding the onset of sleep bruxism, thus reducing sleep bruxism by preventing the sequence of autonomic to motor activation of sleep bruxism. This further supports the role of sympathetic activity in the pathophysiology of sleep bruxism. Because morning hypotension was seen in 19% of patients, further dose-dependant research is required to assess the safety of clonidine for the management of sleep bruxism.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2003

The association between wear facets, bruxism, and severity of facial pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It is unclear whether patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) who report high levels of bruxism have more severe signs and symptoms of TMD and more advanced tooth wear than patients with TMD who report lower levels of bruxism. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a significant association between tooth wear, the parafunctional oral habit of bruxism, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, and muscle pain severity in a TMD population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 84 subjects previously diagnosed with TMD, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) and who met 10 specific inclusion/exclusion criteria underwent a thorough multiaxial examination and classification recommended by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Measurement of tooth wear facets by use of a 4-point scale were graded in 10 zones on mandibular casts. One calibrated examiner performed all scoring. Bruxism was assessed in a standardized pretreatment questionnaire and in the dental history and interview (RDC/TMD) to indicate how frequently (0 = never to 3 = very often) subjects performed a list of oral habits, which included bruxism. The Kappa reliability coefficient (range from: -1.0 to 1.0) was used to correct for chance agreement, and was computed for each of the 10 study sites designated for rating. Subjects were also compared for muscle and joint pain. Muscle pain was a summed measure derived from the dental examination findings (range 0 to 20), calculated from the presence or absence of pain induced by palpation of 20 predetermined muscle sites. Similarly, joint pain was a summed measure of the presence or absence of pain in the TMJs induced by palpation of the joints on the outer surface and in the external auditory canal in 5 different positions of the mandible. A Pearson product-moment correlation was used to compute the summed severity of tooth wear and the subjects' age. Analysis of covariance was used to determine whether the number of wear facets was significantly higher in patients with TMD who reported a history of bruxism, compared with patients with TMD who reported no or minimal bruxism, after controlling for the effect of age. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine whether the number of painful muscles of mastication and joint sites on standardized examination were significantly higher in patients with TMD with a history of bruxism (alpha=.05). RESULTS: In the population tested, tooth wear was modestly correlated with age (r =.40, P<.001). Of the 84 subjects studied, 11.9% reported no bruxing activity, 32.1% reported some or occasional bruxing activity, and 47.6% had frequent bruxism activity; the remaining 8.4% were eliminated from analysis because they provided inconsistent responses. Bruxism activity was not correlated with muscle pain on palpation and was inversely associated with TMJ pain on palpation. Tooth wear was not significantly correlated with bruxism, TMJ pain, or muscle pain. CONCLUSIONS: In this TMD population, tooth wear factors did not differentiate patients with bruxism from those without. The amount of bruxism activity was not associated with more severe muscle pain and was associated with less pain in the TMJ on palpation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Sleep bruxism based on self-report in a nationwide twin cohort.

The relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in bruxism are not known. In 1990 a questionnaire sent to the Finnish Twin Cohort yielded responses from 1298 monozygotic and 2419 dizygotic twin pairs aged 33-60 years. We used structural equation modelling to estimate genetic and environmental components of variance in the liability to bruxism. There was a significant gender difference both in childhood (P = 0.001) and adult (P = 0.007) bruxism. Females compared to males reported childhood bruxism 'often' 5.2% vs 4.1% and 'sometimes' 17.4% vs 17.3%, and as adults 'weekly' 3.7% vs 3.8% and 'monthly' 3.9% vs 4.6%, respectively. Bruxism in childhood and adulthood is highly correlated (0.86 in males and 0.87 in females). The proportion of total phenotypic variance in liability to bruxism attributed to genetic influences in childhood bruxism was 49% (95% CI 37-60%) in males and 64% (55-71%) in females, and for adults 39% (27-50%) among males and 53% (44-62%) among females. The correlation between the genetic effects on childhood bruxism and the genetic effects on adult bruxism was estimated in a bivariate model to be 0.95 (95% CI 0.94-0.96) in males and 0.89 (0.88-0.90) in females. Bruxism appears to be quite a persistent trait. There are substantial genetic effects on bruxism both in childhood and as adults, which appear to be highly correlated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Bruxism and cranial-cervical dystonia: is there a relationship?

To characterize the relationship between bruxism and dystonia, 79 patients (28 men and 51 women) with cranial-cervical dystonia were studied. Sixty-two patients (78.5%), 22 men and 40 women, had bruxism. The mean age at onset of dystonia in patients with bruxism was 52.4 +/- 12.6 years (range 14-80), similar to patients with cranial-cervical dystonia without bruxism. Involuntary oromandibular movements (46 patients) and blepharospasm (34 patients) were the most common initial symptoms among patients with dystonia. About one-fourth of bruxism patients had associated dental problems including TMD (21%) and tooth wear (5%). A majority (58%) of the bruxism patients had diurnal bruxism and 12% had nocturnal bruxism. The bruxism patients were compared to 100 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), cervical dystonia, cranial dystonia, and normal controls, respectively. The prevalence of bruxism was much higher in the cranial-cervical dystonia patients when compared to normal controls (P < 0.001); however, this difference was not significant between other diseased groups and controls. Medications and botulinum toxin injections, used in the treatment of focal dystonia also provided effective relief of bruxism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Sleep bruxism: validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polysomnographic study.

The clinical validity of diagnostic criteria for sleep orofacial motor activity--more specifically, bruxism--has never been tested. Polysomnographic recordings from 18 bruxers and 18 asymptomatic subjects, selected according to American Sleep Disorders Association criteria, were analyzed (1) to discriminate sleep bruxism from other orofacial motor activities and (2) to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of research criteria. Clinical observations and reports revealed that all 18 bruxers reported frequent tooth-grinding during sleep. Tooth wear was noted in 16 out of 18 bruxers and jaw discomfort reported by six of them. These findings were present in none of the controls. The analysis of polysomnographic data showed that the asymptomatic subjects presented a mean of 1.7 +/- 0.3 bruxism episodes per hour of sleep (sustained or repetitive bursting activity in jaw closer muscles), while bruxers had a significantly higher level of activity: 5.4 +/- 0.6. Controls exhibited 4.6 +/- 0.3 bruxism bursts per episode and 6.2 (from 0 to 23) bruxism bursts per hour of sleep, whereas bruxers showed, respectively, 7.0 +/- 0.7 and 36.1 (5.8 to 108). Bruxism-like episodes with at least two grinding sounds were noted in 14 of the 18 bruxers and in one control. The two groups exhibited no difference in any of the sleep parameters. Based on the present findings, the following polysomnographic diagnostic cut-off criteria are suggested: (1) more than 4 bruxism episodes per hour, (2) more than 6 bruxism bursts per episode and/or 25 bruxism bursts per hour of sleep, and (3) at least 2 episodes with grinding sounds. When the polysomnographic bruxism-related variables were combined under logistic regression, the clinical diagnosis was correctly predicted in 81.3% of the controls and 83.3% of the bruxers. The validity of these clinical research criteria needs now to be challenged in a larger population, over time, and in subjects presenting various levels of severity of sleep bruxism.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The relation of bruxism and dermatoglyphics.

With the aim to examine the dermatoglyphic patterns of finger and palm, 38 bruxism patients, 18 being female were studied. Fingerprint patterns in bruxism has previously been discussed in a few papers, but this is the first paper about dermatoglyphic patterns of palm in bruxism. The aim of this study of finger and palm prints in patients with bruxism were to discuss the importance of dermatoglyphic patterns in the diagnosis and etiology of the disease. Bruxism patients demonstrated an increase in frequency of whorls and a decrease in frequency of ulnar loops than the controls. Patients with bruxism demonstrated a lower frequency of atd angle than controls. Augmentation of I loops and t triradii and diminution of IV, H and t" triradii were observed in bruxism patients. Furthermore, the main line A ended more frequently in sector 5' in bruxism patients when compared with controls. There is no significant difference between the total finger ridge counts (TRC) and a-b ridge counts the subjects with bruxism and that of the controls. The dermatoglyphic patterns of finger and palm was significantly different in children with bruxism. When combined with other clinical features in bruxism, dermatoglyphics can serve to strengthen a diagnostic impression.

Bruxism↗
PubMed2026

Analysis of genetic polymorphisms and mRNA expression of DRD3 and HTR2A in bruxism.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism, characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, is influenced by genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the role of DRD3 (rs6280) and HTR2A (rs6313) polymorphisms in bruxism and to investigate the expression of these genes to better understand their biological significance. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 bruxism patients and 87 controls. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination and non-instrumental criteria from the 2018 international consensus. Genotyping of HTR2A rs6313 and DRD3 rs6280 was performed using PCR-RFLP, and gene expression in peripheral blood was assessed by qPCR. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and mRNA expression analysis using the &#x394;&#x394;Ct method. RESULTS: A significant association was identified between bruxism and the rs6313 polymorphism of the HTR2A gene (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.004; OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.89 [1.23-2.92]), with the C allele associated with increased risk. Moreover, HTR2A mRNA expression was upregulated in individuals with bruxism. While no significant differences were observed in DRD3 rs6280 genotype distribution between cases and controls, the presence of the C allele appeared to increase susceptibility to sleep bruxism. In addition, DRD3 mRNA expression was downregulated in bruxism patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a significant association between bruxism and the rs6313 polymorphism of the HTR2A gene. Furthermore, increased HTR2A and decreased DRD3 expression support the involvement of serotonin and dopamine pathways in bruxism etiology, underscoring its multifactorial and complex nature. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study elucidates the genetic basis of bruxism, indicating a potential role of serotonin and dopamine signaling in its pathogenesis. Understanding genetic predisposition could aid in early detection, risk assessment, and targeted treatment development. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov ; trial registration number: NCT06457646 (13/06/2024).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Development of a portable bruxism monitoring and analysis device equipped with a microcomputer and its practical application.

The purposes of this study were to develop and verify the a portable nocturnal bruxism monitoring and analysis device equipped with a microcomputer, and to clinically apply the device to know the actual conditions of bruxism patients. EEPROM was installed in the device for the data recording, and after the data collection, the recorded data was entered into a personal computer via serial port. After confirming the accuracy of the device, a total of 30 subjects were enrolled in this study to monitor their bruxism activities for 3 nights. Bruxism self-aware group consisted of 14 subjects, 7 males and 7 females, and unaware group consisted of 16 patients, 8 males and 8 females. Most of the subjects reported that the new device was easy to handle. The average bruxism time per hour and the average bruxism lasting time were 223.8 +/- 112.0 and 3.9 +/- 2.9 s in the self-aware group, and 49.3 +/- 38.3 and 0.8 +/- 0.7 s in the unaware group, respectively. The bruxism self-aware group showed statistically longer average bruxism time per hour and the average bruxism lasting time. It was confirmed that the new bruxism monitoring and analysis device is practical for clinical application to monitor and analyze the electromyographic activities.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bruxism levels and daily behaviors: 3 weeks of measurement and correlation.

AIMS: To test whether 3-week duration recordings of sleep bruxism are correlated with daily behaviors. METHODS: Twelve patients with a sleep bruxism disorder were monitored to see if any daily behaviors (stress, physical activity, anger), jaw-pain/headache symptoms, or sleep quality were correlated with their sleep bruxism levels. A telemetric-based system was used for monitoring bruxism levels, which were detected with an intra-appliance piezoelectric film system. Bruxism was defined as a force applied to the occlusal surface of the splint at or above a level of 10% maximum voluntary contraction. Bruxism levels were recorded at night for at least 3 weeks on the 12 subjects in this study (6 females and 6 males). Patients used standard (100 mm) visual analog scaling methods during this period to rate their daily behaviors, sleep quality, and jaw-pain/headache symptoms in a diary. Correlation analysis was performed between these recorded variables. RESULTS: The subjects demonstrated both bruxism and sleep disturbance, and the mean bruxism score for the male subjects was significantly higher than that for the female subjects. Overall, no single diary variable was consistently correlated with the bruxism levels in these subjects. CONCLUSION: These data support the conclusion that bruxism is not strongly related to any of the subject's self-monitored daytime activities or sleep quality.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Sleep bruxism and temporomandibular disorder: Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To seek better understanding of chronic musculoskeletal facial pain and its relation to sleep bruxism, by comparing patients with sleep bruxism, with and without temporomandibular disorder. DESIGN: Forty sleep bruxism patients were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: group A-20 patients with myofascial pain, 3 men, 17 women; average age 32.7yr; mean duration of pain 4.37yr; group B-20 without myofascial pain, 5 men, 15 women; average age 30.8yr. Sleep and bruxism were evaluated in one-night polysomnography. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences for bruxism and sleep variables of the two groups: number of bursts and bruxism episodes per hour, amplitude and duration of bruxism episodes, sleep efficiency and latency, percentage of non-REM and REM sleep, respiratory events, periodic limb movements, and micro-arousals. CONCLUSIONS: The polysomnographic characteristics of patients with sleep bruxism, with and without orofacial pain, are similar. More studies are necessary to clarify the reasons why some sleep bruxism patients develop chronic myofascial pain, and others do not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Destructive bruxism: sleep stage relationship.

Despite apparent similar amounts of bruxism, two groups that had been evaluated polysomnographically differed dramatically in symptomatology. Patients with severe symptoms were referred to as the destructive bruxism group and were compared with (a) a group with sleep disturbance complaints who had bruxism and (b) a group of insomniac depressed patients chosen without regard to bruxism. It was hypothesized that not only the presence of bruxism during sleep but its pattern and sleep stage relationship were factors affecting clinical symptoms. The results indicated that the sleep stage relationship was an important factor. Patients with severe symptoms attributed to nocturnal bruxism were likely to have more bruxism in REM sleep than the other groups. These results if replicated prospectively would help explain some of the discrepancies in the literature concerning sleep stage relationship of bruxism, as well as help explain differences in symptomatology of bruxism patients.

Adult↗