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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies in Brunei Darussalam.

One thousand consecutive Brunei Darussalam patients referred with low Hb, and/or low MCV and MCH (Hb < 12.5g/dl, MCV < 76fl, MCH < 27pg) were studied in the laboratory for underlying haemoglobinopathies. 30.0% of such patients were proved to have either beta-thalassaemia trait, beta-thalassaemia major, Hb AE, Hb EE, Hb E beta-thalassaemia or Hb H disease. In some, the haemoglobin abnormality was not identified precisely. Alpha-thalassaemia was suspected in an additional 4.3% of cases but confirmation study by globin-chain synthesis was not available. Beta-thalassaemia trait which was the predominant disorder was equally distributed among the three major race groups of Brunei Darussalam. Hb E was found exclusive among the Malay population. Hb H disease appeared as more common among the Chinese or the Malays (p > 0.05). This study reveals that thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies are prevalent in Brunei Darussalam.

Brunei↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of cervical carcinoma in Brunei Darussalam. Analysis of data on 27,208 women screened with cytologic examinations.

During the five-year period from January 1985 to December 1989 a total of 27,208 women, representing 44.0% of the total female population over age 15 years in Brunei Darussalam, underwent a cytologic examination. The majority of them were Malays (62.32%), followed by Chinese (22.23%), while the remainder were the expatriate population living in the country. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (moderate dysplasia) was detected in 88 women (3.3/1,000), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (carcinoma in situ) was seen in 32 women (1.22/1,000), and invasive carcinoma was found in 43 women (1.37/1,000). The overall detection rate for cervical cancer was 2.79/1,000 women in the population screened. In Brunei Darussalam Malay women marry at an early age, 44% by the age of 19 years, leading to sexual contact before the age of 20. However, the incidence of cervical cancer is low among them. This could be because they belong to the Orthodox Muslim Society, in which promiscuity is not permitted. Hence, multiple sex partners could be an important factor in the etiology of cervical cancer, confirming the current trend of thought that cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease. A comparison of the epidemiologic risk factors among the various races living in Brunei Darussalam is made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A prospective review of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Brunei.

Brunei has a small population and a unique medical setup: The number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs) performed in our institution represents the total number of cases performed in this country. A prospective analysis of all the LCs performed in Brunei is presented. All 220 LCs performed between February 1, 1992, and November 30, 1996, were prospectively recorded on a detailed protocol. Analyses were made with respect to preoperative patient demography, intraoperative complications, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Symptomatic gallstone disease was found to be common among the ethnic Nepalese population. In this series, nine patients required conversion to open surgery (4%). Acute cholecystitis comprised 21% of cases, and the mean operating time was longer in these cases (144.1 min) than in elective cases (101.2 min; P = 0.002). The overall morbidity was 5% with one ductal injury (0.5%). The mortality rate in this series was 0.5%. Our results of LC are favorable and comparable with those of published series. We conclude that LC has been successfully introduced into our institution. This study also represents an unofficial audit of the state of development of LC in Brunei.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A preliminary study in medical anthropology in Brunei, Borneo.

Nine rural village communities in the jungle of Brunei, Borneo were studied to ascertain possible effects of rapid social change on the health of the inhabitants. The social mores and religious beliefs of the rural tribes--Iban, Dusun, and Punan--have undergone but little change over many hundreds of years. During the past three decades, however, enormous social pressures for change have envolved from extraordinary economic prosperity of the region, due to the exploitation of large discoveries of oil and gas. Much of the money has been invested in health care, with the result that malaria, typhus and other tropical scourges have been virtually wiped out. Child and maternal mortality have been reduced to the standards of some of the healthiest countries in the world. The young of the formerly illiterate population are being rapidly educated in new schools scattered throughout the nation. New roads are penetrating the jungle and a thriving lumber industry has been established. Motor boats for the rivers, T.V. and even a national airline have been added. Despite these incursions a vigorous proseletizing by the Moslem and to a lesser extent by the Christian church, the villagers have held tenaciously to their ancient animistic beliefs. Living in long houses, they have also been able to maintain a tightly cohesive patriarchal family structure. Against this background there is as yet little or no evidence of the major diseases of Western society--coronary artery disease and hypertension, although most forms of cancer are commonly encountered. Brunei offers a splendid opportunity to test the putative relationship of chronic vascular disease to social structure and a way of life. Future studies may be made prospectively as the almost inevitable breakdown of old customs and patterns of living occurs in the face of rapid modernization.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1999

Terrestrial gamma ray dose rates of Brunei Darussalam.

GPS-indexed in-situ and car-borne survey of terrestrial gamma-ray dose rates were carried out in Brunei and adjacent areas using two portable NaI(Tl) counters. The mean and population weighted average dose rates for Brunei are 34 and 33 nGy/h, respectively. The car-borne data and the in-situ data when spectral analysed separately, were found to show fractal behaviour with D of 1.7 and 1.8, respectively. A contour map of the dose rates was also produced.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of hepatitis B infection in Brunei Darussalam--analysis of racial distribution.

Brunei Darussalam has a mixed population with entirely different cultures and religions. The overall incidence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is 6%. A racial analysis of the incidence of HBV infection in Brunei shows a significantly higher incidence in Chinese compared to the other races. This is consistent with the incidence in the neighbouring countries.

Brunei↗
PubMed1996

Clinics in perioperative nursing: Brunei Darussalam.

This article gives a brief account of the developments in nursing in general and in perioperative nursing in particular in Brunei Darussalam. From a small hospital school, nurse education has taken bold strides and is now firmly established in the tertiary setting. General and specialist courses are taught, and recently a course in operating department nursing has been developed. Every effort is made to offer the perioperative patient the highest standards of care through education for caring at the College of Nursing Brunei Darussalam.

Brunei↗
PubMed1990

Pattern of acute myocardial infarction in a district hospital in Brunei Darussalam--a pilot study.

The objective of the authors was to study the pattern of presentation, risk factors, and natural course of acute myocardial infarction in the general population of Belait District in Brunei Darussalam. A prospective study was done of 100 consecutive cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care beds of a District General Hospital. The patients were followed up to 12 weeks after admission to hospital. There were three times more males than females (75 males, 25 females). Nine cases out of 75 males were below the age of 40 years, 3 being below 30 years. The mean age of the male denominator was 57.4 years while that of the female counterpart was 67.48 years showing a mean difference of 10.08 years. There were significant association with hypertension (31%), smoking (30%) and diabetes mellitus (27%). The majority of the patients had prodromal symptoms, the most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (63%) and shortness of breath (27%). Only 4% of the patients had silent infarction. Acute myocardial infarction is common in Brunei forming 2.6% of all the patients admitted to the medical wards and the relative rate is 3 times higher in males than in females. There is significant association of IHD with 3 main risk factors namely hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The allergenic importance of house dust and storage mites in asthmatics in Brunei, S.E. Asia.

Examination of dust from sleeping areas showed that storage mites, especially Glycyphagid species, were predominant in Brunei house dust. On skin testing sixty asthmatics with 1% extracts of six mite species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was found to provoke the greatest number of positive skin reactions (66.7%), but positive reactions for Tyrophagus putrescentiae (50%), Acarus siro (35%), Glycyphagus domesticus (40%), and Lepidoglyphus destructor (45%) demonstrated that storage mites are also significant allergens. The role of storage mites in the causation of asthma in the tropics may have been underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A coxsackievirus type A24 epidemic conjunctivitis in Brunei.

The paper reports on a coxsackievirus type A24 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis in Brunei. The role of the Singapore Epidemic Conjunctivitis 1970 (coxsackievirus type A24) virus in the new disease syndrome variously known as the "Epidemic Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis", "Picornavirus Epidemic Conjunctivitis" and "Acute Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis" is again established.

Brunei↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interpersonal skills training in Brunei.

This article describes an interpersonal skills training workshop set up in Brunei, Darussalam. It identifies important issues in the facilitation of such workshops, which have relevance for interpersonal skills training in a range of cultures.

Brunei↗
PubMed1990

A clinico-pathological profile of colonic polyps in Brunei Darussalam--a study of 25 cases treated by colonoscopic polypectomy.

Colonic polyps are not rare in Brunei Darussalam with an incidence of 13% in 193 colonoscopies performed over the last two years. Majority of the polyps were adenomatous. Incidence was higher in the Malays and had a male preponderance. Commonest age of presentation was above the age of 40 years and the pattern is comparable to the Western pattern. All the polyps were removed by colonoscopic polypectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen in the pregnant women of Brunei Darussalam.

In view of the high incidence of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), routine screening of pregnant at antenatal clinic and vaccination of the newborn has become a common practice throughout the world. The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women of Brunei Darussalam was assessed. Of 1,267 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of Suri Seri Begawan Hospital, Kuala Belait, the overall prevalence of HBsAg was 3.2% with significant differences in various ethnic groups (p less than 0.05). Malays, who form the major ethnic group had the lowest rate of 1.9%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hepatitis-B surface antigen and VDRL in healthy blood donors of Brunei Darussalam.

We screened 3276 voluntary blood donors for Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and VDRL. The results were analysed to assess the prevalence and the possible relation to age, sex, race and blood group. Our present study was done in Belait District of Brunei Darussalam where we have a mixed population of various racial groups namely Malays, Chinese, Ibans, Dusuns, Kelabits, Kadazans, Nepalese, Filipinos, Thais, Koreans, Eurasians, Indians, British, Dutch, Americans, Africans and Australians. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of HBsAg is 4.71% and that of VDRL is 0.64% of the donor population. HBsAg positivity rate among various blood groups is found to be not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). However, this rate is found to be highly significant among racial groups (p less than 0.001) and the rate of positivity of VDRL is also found to be significantly different among racial groups (p less than 0.01), with the highest percentage of both being in the Ibans.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1971

Independent hospital dialysis in Brunei.

In establishing a chronic haemodialysis unit in Brunei the difficulties encountered were less insuperable than had been expected. Quite unsophisticated patients successfully dialysed unattended in some cases, or with minimal supervision in others.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

A survey of the distribution and relative prevalence of Aedes aegypti in Sabah, Brunei, and Sarawak.

Although dengue haemorrhagic fever is widely established in South-East Asia, no cases have been reported from Borneo. In order to help to assess whether the infection could become established in Borneo, a survey was made, using the single-larva collection method, of the distribution and prevalence of the principal vector, Aedes aegypti, in Sabah and in a few towns and villages of Brunei and Sarawak. In addition, the prevalence of Ae. aegypti was compared with that of certain other species of Aedes.Ae. aegypti was found to be well established in the north, east, and south-west of Sabah but to be absent from almost all of the west coast. It was either uncommon in, or absent from, several small coastal villages; in others, very high Breteau indices were recorded. No reasonable explanation for this discontinuous distribution can be suggested. Large numbers of potential larval habitats were found, giving reason to believe that Ae. aegypti will spread further within these territories.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and the Philippines.

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in South-East Asia and ranks high in the list of causes of morbidity and mortality. There are still many smear-positive cases, about half a million in Indonesia and almost 400,000 in the Philippines, and these are a reservoir of infection. Cooperation between countries in this region is required for the control of tuberculosis.

Adult↗