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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Inhibition of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 by bromthymol blue.

Bromthymol blue, at a concentration of 0.1% in tryptose-glucose broth, inhibited growth of 98.4% of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 isolates but only 0.8% of E. coli non-O157:H7 isolates after an overnight incubation at 44.5 degrees C, but not 35 degrees C. The inhibition was dependent on temperature, density of inoculum, bromthymol blue concentration, time of incubation, and composition of the medium. Compared with serologic typing, the inhibition had sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the positive and negative tests, and overall agreement between the two tests of 98.4, 99.2, 98.4, 99.2, and 98.9%, respectively. The inhibition could be useful as a presumptive test to identify E. coli isolates of serotype O157:H7, especially in laboratories that do not have serotyping capabilities.

Bromthymol Blue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of bromthymol blue binding with plasma membranes].

It has been established that sorption of bromthymol blue by membranes is due to interaction with integral proteins. The value of the bond is ascribed both to the structural state and electrochemical property of membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunological control of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract: the mechanism whereby intestinal anaphylaxis interferes with the intestinal absorption of bromthymol blue in the rat.

Rats were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin and the disappearance of bromthymol blue (BTB) from the intestinal lumen, its accumulation in the tissue, and its net absorption were examined by means of an in-situ recirculation technique during local anaphylaxis. The disappearance of BTB from the intestinal lumen and its net absorption were significantly reduced, but there was no significant effect on its accumulation in the tissue. The pH value of the luminal solution and the perfusate volume were not influenced by intraluminal challenge with the antigen in ovalbumin-immunized rats. In addition, no significant effect was observed on intestinal permeability to BTB in the in-vitro everted sac technique. The intestinal blood flow, measured by a hydrogen clearance method, was not reduced significantly by the intraluminal exposure to antigen. There was enhanced Evans Blue leakage and mucus release in the perfusate after intraluminal challenge with ovalbumin in ovalbumin-immunized rats, but not in non-immunized rats. A significant increase of BTB binding with macromolecular substances in the perfusate was observed during the local anaphylaxis. These findings suggest that the decreased absorption of BTB is due to the interaction with the macromolecular substances in the perfusate during local anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Direct spectorphotometric assay of quaternary ammonium compounds using bromthymol blue.

Benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and chlorhexidine gluconate were assayed quantitatively by a direct spectrophotometric method with bromthymol blue buffered at pH 7.5. The method shows good results at concentrations of 0--300 microgram/ml and in the presence of epinephrine bitartrate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, pilocarpine hydrochloride, and polyvinyl alcohol.

Benzalkonium Compounds↗
PubMed1986

Effect of medium-chain glycerides (MGK) on the intestinal absorption and the hepatobiliary transport of bromthymol blue.

The effect of medium chain glyceride (MGK) emulsion on the intestinal absorption and the biliary excretion of bromthymol blue (BTB) was investigated in rats. Extensive tissue accumulation of BTB was reduced when BTB was administered with MGK emulsion formulation. HCO-100, an emulsifier, was also important for the decrease in the tissue accumulation of BTB. The ratios of absorption percent to tissue accumulation percent and to free fraction, not contained in the droplet of emulsion, in MGK emulsion were much greater than that of the control. Pretreatment with BTB-free emulsion reduced BTB absorption under the control, although tissue accumulation was not affected. The absorption appeared to decrease with increase in the time of pretreatment. The effect of leaving treatment after pretreatment on the absorption of BTB was also investigated. With the increase in leaving time after pretreatment, reduced absorption tended to resume to the level of control. The change in monocaprylate content from 54 to 60% in MGK made a difference in BTB absorption and it was suggested that monocaprylate content in MGK was one of the significant factors of MGK emulsion on drug absorption. Bile recovery study was simultaneously carried out with an in situ recirculation experiment. The recovery of BTB into bile tended to decrease. The ratio of recovery percent of BTB into bile to the absorption percent of BTB also decreased extensively, which is possibly another effect of MGK on drug disposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Active transport of phenol red by rat lung slices.

32S-phenol red was taken up by rat lung slices incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer phosphate-glucose solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C by a process showing the characteristics of active transport. Uptake against a concentration gradient occurred by a saturable process that was inhibited by low temperature, anaerobic conditions and certain metabolic inhibitors. Phenol red uptake was depressed in the presence of certain anionic dyes, such as chlorphenol red, bromphenol blue, bromthymol blue and bromcresol green, and by various other organic acids, including disodium cromoglycate, probenecid, cephalothin and benzylpenicillin. In contrast, isoniazid and p-aminohippuric acid had no effect on phenol red uptake, suggesting that a specificity exists in the rat lung for transport of anionic compounds. Interestingly, in the presence of paraquat, an organic cation,phenol red uptake was increased. The extent of uptake of phenol red by lung slices was dependent on levels of Na, K and Ca ion in the incubation medium as well as on the thickness of the tissue slice. Phenol red was bound to lung homogenates; however, the characteristics of the binding were such that binding alone could not account for accumulation by lung slices.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Method of counterstaining preparations for immunofluorescent studies of the pituitary].

To elucidate nonfluorescent structural elements of the hypophyseal parenchyma for immunofluorescent investigations, properties of some dyes most commonly applied for hypophysis staining have been studied. Such dyes as paraldehide-fuchsin, light green, orange G, chromotrop 2R, hematoxylin, eosin, fuchsin, azocarmin possess their own intensive luminescence and block immunofluorescence completely. Some other dyes (trypan blue, bromthymol blue, aniline blue, malachite green, methyl green) though not blocking immunofluorescence, they do not reveal hypophyseal cellular elements distinctly enough. Good results have been obtained with 0.3% water solution of toluidine blue, 0.5% solution of methylene light blue, methylene blue, as well as with Gram--Weigert's staining and with gallocyanin after Einarson. For special staining of corticotropocytes, the authors recommend 0.1% solution of bromphenol blue in barate buffer, pH 8.2.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1974

Relationship of a proton gradient to the active transport of proline with membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei.

Electron transport particles prepared from Mycobacterium phlei were depleted of bound coupling factors by washing with water in the absence of inorganic ions. The depleted electron transport particles were void of latent ATPase activity and were capable of oxidation, but were unable to support coupled phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the depleted electron transport particles were capable of substrate-induced active transport of proline. Changes in pH in response to substrate oxidation were measured in normal and depleted electron particles with bromthymol blue. A bromthymol blue response upon substrate oxidation was not observed with depleted electron transport particles. The level of oxidative phosphorylation with succinate or NADH oxidation was not reduced in the presence of proline, and proline did not have an effect upon the proton gradients formed by the oxidation of either succinate or NADH.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of pulmonary drug absorption in the rat by bromphenol blue and related dyes.

1. Pulmonary absorption studies in the rat showed that intratracheally administered 5-10 mM bromphenol blue, bromcresol green and bromthymol blue markedly increased the absorption rate of 0.1 mM phenol red. 2. Similarly, 1-10 mM bromphenol blue increased the absorption rate of 0.1 mP p-,minohippuric acid, tetraethylammonium and mannitol by 2- to 18-fold in a concentration-dependnet manner. 3. Mannitol absorption was enhanced more by bromthymol blue, sulphobromophthalein, bromcresol purple, thymol blue and bromcresol green than by bromphenol blue or m-cresol purple. Chlorphenol red and phenol red had no effect on mannitol absorption. 4. The results indicated that certain sulphonic acid dyes increase the permeability of the respiratory tract epithelium, perhaps by increasing its porosity.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1990

Tracking of proton flow during transition from anaerobiosis to steady state in rat liver mitochondria.

(1) The hydrophobic pH indicator Bromthymol blue and the hydrophilic pH indicator Phenol red have been used to follow the redox-pump-linked proton flows during transition from anaerobiosis to static head. The domains monitored by the pH indicators, whether external or internal, and the localization of the dye, whether free or membrane bound, have been identified by recording the absorbance changes following addition of nigericin or valinomycin to anaerobic or aerobic mitochondria and the effects of permeant and impermeant buffers. (2) After addition of the H+/K+ exchanger, nigericin, to anaerobic mitochondria. Phenol red and Bromthymol blue record an alkalinization and an acidification, respectively, indicating that while the hydrophilic pH indicator faces an external domain, the hydrophobic pH indicator faces, at least partly, an internal domain. The latter effect is sensitive to phosphate and to phosphate carrier inhibitors. On the other hand, addition of nigericin to aerobic mitochondria leads to an increased Bromthymol blue absorbance, which reflects an alkalinization, indicating that the pH indicator faces an external domain. The reorientation of the dye from the internal to the external domain is a function of the uncoupler concentration and thus of the membrane potential (cf. Mitchell et al. (1968) Eur. J. Biochem. 4, 9-19). (3) The amount of oxygen required for the transition from anaerobiosis to static head has been determined by following in parallel the extent of oxidation of cytochrome aa3 and the rise of delta mu H+. With succinate as substrate, 50% levels of cytochrome oxidation are obtained at 0.125 ngatom oxygen/mg and 50% of Safranine response at about 0.2 ngatom oxygen/mg. These amounts of oxygen correspond to an H+ displacement of about 0.8-1.2 ngatom/mg on the basis of the H+/O stoichiometry. It is concluded that mitochondria are in presteady state below, and in static head above, displacement of 2-3 ngatom H+/mg. This figure is very close to the original calculation of Mitchell (Mitchell, P. (1966) Biol. Rev. 41, 445-502). (4) Transition, by oxygen pulses, of EGTA-supplemented mitochondria from anaerobiosis to either presteady state or static head state results in a response of the hydrophilic pH indicator, Phenol red, which is negligible in amount and/or kinetically unrelated to the delta mu H+ rise. The fact that H+ extrusion in the bulk aqueous phase is negligible also in presteady state excludes proton cycling as an explanation. Addition of oxygen pulses to Sr2(+)-supplemented anaerobic mitochondria results in an H+ extrusion whose amount and rate is proportional to the Sr2+ concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anaerobiosis↗