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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical effects of distigmine bromide (Ubretid), a cholinesterase inhibitor, on micturition disturbance by benign prostatic hypertrophy--comparative study of distigmine bromide and the combination of distigmine bromide and adrenergic blocker].

We report the results of a comparative study on the clinical efficacy of the single use of distigmine bromide and its combined use with prazosin hydrochloride in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. The single use and combined use groups were administered 10 mg/day of distigmine bromide and the same with 1 mg/day of prazosin hydrochloride for a period of 8 weeks respectively. In the single administration group, marked improvement was found in one patient (9%), moderate improvement in 4 patients (36.3%), slight improvement in 3 patients (27.2%) and aggravation in 3 patients. In the combined use group, marked improvement was found in one patient (11.0%), moderate improvement in 5 patients (55.5%), and slight improvement in 3 patients (33.3%). No significant differences were found in the improvement rate between the two groups. However, significant improvements were found in both groups for the subjective symptoms of urinary disturbance, diurnal and nocturnal frequency. As a result of the examination of objective findings, a significant decrease in residual urine ratio was also shown in both groups, while significant improvement for average flow and maximum flow rates were found in only the combined use group. In conclusion, distigmine bromide and distigmine bromide+prazosin hydrochloride are considered very useful for the treatment of miturition disturbance due to benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Bromide toxicosis (bromism) in a dog treated with potassium bromide for refractory seizures.

A 4-year-old German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of chronic hind limb lameness and recurrent seizures. Diagnostic evaluation of the dog confirmed rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic epilepsy. The rheumatoid arthritis was treated with prednisone and piroxicam. The seizures were treated with phenobarbital plus clonazepam. The seizures were refractory and potassium bromide was substituted for clonazepam. The dog was reevaluated 4 months after initiation of potassium bromide treatment because of recurrence of arthritis signs. During hospitalization, the dog had neurologic signs, which progressed from depression to recumbency and stupor. Anisocoria, muscle pain, and hyporeflexia were noticed. Bromide toxicosis was diagnosed on the basis of toxic serum bromide concentration (2.7 mg/ml; therapeutic range, 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml). Following cessation of potassium bromide treatment, the neurologic signs resolved. The seizures recurred 6 weeks after potassium bromide was discontinued. Bromide treatment was reinitiated at half the initial dosage. After 6 weeks, the serum bromide concentration was 1.9 mg/ml, and no seizures had been reported by the dog's owners. Therapeutic serum bromide concentrations in dogs has been reported to be 0.5 to 2.3 mg/ml. The serum bromide concentration at which toxic signs are expected is variable in human beings because individuals differ in their tolerance of the drug. Clinical trials are necessary to determine the toxic serum bromide concentrations in dogs. This case of bromism in a dog suggests that the dosage of potassium bromide should be based on serial measurement of serum bromide concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Chronic bromide intoxication caused by bromide-containing combination drugs].

A 49-year-old woman who had noted increasing fatigue and found it difficult to concentrate became confused and uncoordinated with rapid speech. Anxious and suffering from insomnia she had for 6 weeks taken a prescription-free bromide-containing drug mixture (daily 0.09 g potassium bromide and 1.8 g sodium bromide), to a total bromide intake of 60 g. The admission diagnosis of chronic bromism was confirmed by a markedly increased serum bromide concentration (325 mg/l). Once she had stopped taking the drug and had increased her salt intake she became symptom-free within 8 days. The case demonstrates that, while chronic bromism has become rare, it should still be included in the differential diagnosis, even after intake of supposedly harmless medication.

Bromides↗
PubMed1978

Ethidium bromide complexes with self-complementary deoxytetranucleotides. Demonstration and discussion of sequence preferences in the intercalative binding of ethidium bromide.

The binding of ethidium bromide to the self-complementary deoxytetranucleotides containing guanine and cytosine bases has been studied by circular dichroism, visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The circular dichroism spectrum of each of the four deoxytetranucleotides was measured and compared to the spectrum calculated by a nearest-neighbor approximation method which utilized the circular dichroism spectra of the deoxydinucleotides as a basis set. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental spectra for three of the four deoxytetranucleotides; however, pdC-dC-dG-dG exhibited poor agreement between the actual and nearest-neighbor calculated spectra, which suggests that pdC-dC-dG-dG may exist in an unusual conformation. A nearest-neighbor method was also used to calculate the extinction coefficients for each of the deoxytetranucleotides: these values differ substantially from values recently published by Patel and Canuel [(1977), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 2624--2628] in which the method used for the determination of the extinction coefficients was not stated. The magnitude of the extinction coefficients is important in determining the stoichiometry of complex formation as well as the relative sequence preferences for ethidium binding. The visible absorption titrations, the fluorescence titrations, and the circular dichroism titrations with ethidium bromide clearly show that two ethidiums will intercalate into a (pdC-dG-dC-dG).(pdC-dG-dC-dG) double helix presumably at the two (dC-dG).(DC-dG) sequences. Results from the pdG-dC-dG-dC titrations with ethidium bromide are not as definitive. Raising the temperature from approximately 2 to 26 degrees C diminishes the strength of complex formation for the EthBr plus pdC-dG-dC-dG system and makes it more difficult to unequivocally determine the stoichiometry of the complex formation. These data thus confirm and extend our earlier observation that ethidium bromide preferentially binds to pyrimidine-purine sequences as opposed to purine-pyrimidine sequences. Experiments monitoring the binding of ethidium bromide to pdC-dC-dG-dG and pdG-dG-dC-dC indicate that ethidium will bind strongly to the (dG-dG).(dC-dC) sequence. We conclude that the relative ordering of the sequence preferences for the binding of ethidium to the three sequences available in the tetranucleotides studied is (dC-dG).(dC-dG) congruent to (dG-dG).(dC-dC) greater than (dG-dC).(dG-dC).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Some aspects in the pharmacology of diclonium bromide (2-(3,4-dicholoroanilino)quinolizinium bromide). Part II: Gastric acid-antisecretory and antiulcerogenic actions.

Diconium bromide, 2-(3,4-dichloroanilino)-quinolizinium bromide, a potent antispasmodic in the lower bowel of the dog, was found in the present study to exert gastric acid-antisecretory and antiulcerogenic activities in the rat stomach. These effects were demonstrated by means of short- and long-term pyloric ligation, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced ulcerogenesis, and cold-and-restraint stress studies. A reduction of gastric acid concentration by the drug was probably responsible for the decrease in the degree of ulceration and hemorrhagic lesion formation. The drug's inhibition of stress hemorrhagic lesions may be related to an effect both on gastric HCl secretion and on the vasculature in the glabdular mucosa. The delay of gastric emptying by diclonium bromide results from its known antispasmodic or smooth-muscle depressant action. The toxicity of diclonium bromide, perorally, was low in rats and overt signs of drug effect were not evident until toxic doses were administered. It is concluded that diclonium bromide may represent a useful non-anticholinergic drug effective in treating both peptic ulcers and spasticity of the colon (irritable-colon syndrome) in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Neonatal bromide intoxication: prenatal ingestion of a large quantity of bromides with transplacental accumulation in the fetus.

A 27-year-old woman who was 34 weeks pregnant was admitted in a semicomatose state. Five days later she gave birth to an infant who demonstrated significant CNS depression. Elevated blood levels confirmed bromide intoxication in both the mother and infant secondary to chronic maternal bromide ingestion (Nervine). Simultaneous determinations revealed a higher initial serum bromide level in the infant compared to that of the mother in spite of a subsequent more rapid rate of disappearance in the neonate. It is suggested that the drug history obtained from the pregnant woman include nonprescription medications containing bromides. This possibility should also be included in the differential diagnosis in infants exhibiting evidence of CNS depression, particularly those born to mothers classified as neurotic or psychotic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relative potency of the atropine-like effects of a new parasympatholytic drug, scopolamine-N-(cyclopropyl methyl) bromide and those of hyoscine-N-butyl bromide.

A double-blind crossover trial with a 4-point bioassay was carried out in 8 convalescent in-patients to study the relative potency of scopolamine-N-(cyclopropyl methyl) bromide (DA 3177), a new parasympatholytic drug, administered at doses of 2.5 mg and 5 mg i.v., and hyoscine-N-butyl bromide, administered at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg i.v., in producing atropine-like effects. The results showed that the effects on heart rate and near point of accommodation were slightly less with DA 3177, while its effects on salivary secretion were a little greater than those of hyoscine-N-butyl bromide. It is suggested that study of the pharmacodynamic effects of parasympatholytic drugs is a relatively simple way of predicting which doses should be effective spasmolytically.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1976

Some aspects in the pharmacology of diclonium bromide (2-(3,2-dichloroanilino)quinolizinium bromide). Part I: Antispasmodic action.

Diclonium bromide (EU-2972; 2-(3,4-dichloroanilino)quinolizinium bromide) was demonstrated to possess an effective, prolonged inhibitory action on contractions in response to stimuli or propulsive movements in the lower bowel of the dog. The compound's antagonism to contractile activity was greater in the distal colon than in the duodenum or upper bowel. Diclonium bromide was a nonselective antispasmodic but, unlike papaverine, caused profound antagonism against smooth muscle contractile responses to intrinsic motor neural excitation. The drug had weak specific anticholinergic action, but its lack of antagonistic effect on other cholinergic responses in this study indicates that the anticholinergic action contributes very little, if at all, to its overall antispasmodic effect. The compound has potential application in the treatment of spastic-colon disease.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

[Comparison of the effects of ethidium bromide and of the ethidium bromide-deoxyribonucleic acid complex in Ehrlich tumor cells].

When injected into the peritoneal cavity, ethidium bromide can strongly inhibit the multiplication of mouse Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. This antitumour effect is increased when ethidium bromide is linked to DNA and also injected into the peritoneal cavity. The cellular alterations are identical after a treatment with E.B. either free or bound to DNA. However, when the cells are treated with E.B.-DNA they contain E.B. for a longer period than after a treatment with E.B.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of the effects of ethidium bromide and of ethidium bromide-deoxyribonucleic acid complex in fibroblasts cultivated in vitro.

Chick embryo fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were treated with ethidium bromide (E.B.) or with DNA-E.B. complex (DNA-E.B.). E.B. (5 mug/ml) provokes morphological alterations and cell death, inhibits DNA synthesis and mitotic activity. DNA-E.B. (E.B. 5 mug/ml) is less toxic to the fibroblasts as far as cell structure, DNA synthesis and mitotic activity are concerned. DNA alone has no apparent effect on the fibroblasts. As shown by fluorescence microscopy, the lower toxicity of DNA-E.B. seems to be related to its mode of penetration into the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Ipratropium Bromide, an Anticholinergic Bronchodilator/Behavior of airways resistance in patients with reversible respiratory obstruction following inhalation of various doses of ipratropium bromide].

A dose- and time-response study using different doses of an inhaled derivative of atropine, (8r)-3alpha-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1 aH, 5aH-tropaniumbromide-(+/-)-tropate (Sch 1000, ipratropium bromide, Atrovent) was performed in 12 patients with reversible chronic obstructuve airways disease. The drug was shown to be an effective bronchodilator with the typical action of reducing airways resistance with 2 puffs (0.02 mg per puff). Increasing the dose to 4 and 8 puffs did not produce any relevant difference in time response. The onset of action was rapid and reached a maximum between 30 and 60 min after inhalation. The duration of bronchodilation was maintained during the observation period of 3 h. 30 min after inhalation the results corresponded to those following the inhalation of 2 puffs of orciprenaline (0.75 mg per puff). Isolated side-effects were independent of the dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Otilonium bromide-diazepam in the treatment of the irritable colon. A controlled study versus otilonium bromide].

Octylonium bromide (OB) is a drug with spasmolytic properties acting selectively on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract by interfering with calcium mobilization from extra- and intra-cellular deposits. The etiopathogenetic implications of a psychosomatic nature of the irritable bowel syndrome amply justify the use of a spasmolytic (OB) with a benzodiazepine. In our study, we compared the combination OB + DZ (20 mg + 2 mg) T.I.D. versus OB alone (20 mg) in 30 patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The double-blind study lasting 3 weeks was aimed at evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms (bowel motions, aspect of faeces, abdominal pain, pre-evacuation pain, bloating) during the three days preceding the study and during the last five days of treatment, as well as the anxiogenic situation as assessed by the STAI scale (State Tract Anxiety Inventory) before and at the end of the treatment period. The results obtained showed that both treatments considerably reduced gastrointestinal symptoms even though OB alone did not appear to be equally effective and the anxiety component was significantly reduced only by treatment with the combination. The absence of side effects and the perfect tolerability of both treatments showed the OB + D combination T.I.D. to be the treatment of choice for patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Ipratropium bromide in controlled clinical trials. Short communication (II): Time-response measurements of pulmonary function after ipratropium bromide and isoprenaline].

(8R)-3alpha-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1alphaH, 5alphaH, 5alphaH-tropaniumbromide (+/-)-tropate (ipratropiumbromide, Sch 1000, Atrovent) was compared with isoprenaline in a cross-over study with randomized selection in 12 stable asthmatics, using total airways resistance (Rt) measured by whole-body plethysmography, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and pulse rate as parameters. 2 puffs ipratropiumbromide (0.02 mg per puff) or isoprenaline (0.1 mg per puff) were administered by metered dose inhaler and measurements taken at 5, 20, 35, 50, 90 min, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h later. Drugs were given on alternate days. Rt decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) for 4 h to 53% of the initial value after ipratropiumbromide and to 70% of the initial value after isoprenaline, but only for about 2 h after the latter. The maximum 20-min effect on Rt was almost the same for both drugs. The difference in the time course of the bronchodilation was also significant. The rise in PEF after 4 h following ipratropiumbromide was similarly highly significant (p less than 0.001); as for Rt the time course for both drugs ran nearly parallel. Neither substance caused a significant rise in pulse rate at the dosages used.

Airway Resistance↗