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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Transfer of Brevibacterium divaricatum DSM 20297T, "Brevibacterium flavum" DSM 20411, "Brevibacterium lactofermentum" DSM 20412 and DSM 1412, and Corynebacterium glutamicum and their distinction by rRNA gene restriction patterns.

The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that the glutamic acid producers Brevibacterium divaricatum DSM 20297T (T=type strain), "Brevibacterium flavum" DSM 20411, "Brevibacterium lactofermentum" DSM 1412 and DSM 20412, Corynebacterium lilium DSM 20137T, and Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300T and DSM 20163 are members of the same species. It is proposed that all of these strains should be classified in the species Corynebacterium glutamicum. Another glutamic acid-producing strain, Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T, was not related at the species level to C. glutamicum and should retain its separate species status. A restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in which oligonucleotides targeted against conserved regions of 16S and 23S rRNA genes were used as hybridizing probes distinguished the individual strains. This method may be a helpful tool for strain identification.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1991

Discrimination of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum and Brevibacterium lactofermentum by restriction pattern analysis of DNA adjacent to the hom gene.

Different strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum, and Brevibacterium lactofermentum were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphism using the homoserine dehydrogenase gene (hom) as a probe. The hybridization patterns obtained PvuII- or Asp700-restriction of chromosomal DNA were specific and distinguishable for each of the three species and identical for the different strains of each species. Thus, the method employed allows rapid distinction of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum, and Brevibacterium lactofermentum. The former species could also be discriminated from the latter two by its resistance to 0.5 g/l of the methionine analog ethionine.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1994

Cloning of the wide spectrum amidase gene from Brevibacterium sp. R312 by genetic complementation. Overexpression in Brevibacterium sp. and Escherichia coli.

The amiE gene of Brevibacterium sp. R312 encoding wide spectrum amidase was isolated by complementation of a Brevibacterium sp. mutant using a plasmid gene bank of chromosomal DNA. The amiE structural gene and its promoter were localized on a 1.8-kb fragment by subsequent subcloning and complementation studies. Another promoter localized in the pSR 1 fragment of the cloning vector was shown to be able to control amiE gene expression. In Brevibacterium sp., the investigation of amidase activities related to one copy of the gene suggested that the regulation of the amiE gene expression was under negative control. High expression levels have been obtained in Brevibacterium sp. and, after substitution of the amiE promoter by the tac promoter, in Escherichia coli.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1995

Brevibacterium linens pBL33 and Rhodococcus rhodochrous pRC1 cryptic plasmids replicate in Rhodococcus sp. R312 (formerly Brevibacterium sp. R312).

The replication of two cryptic plasmids from Brevibacterium linens ATCC 9174 (pBL33) and Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 4276 (pRC1) was investigated in Rhodococcus sp. R312 (formerly Brevibacterium sp. R312). The recombinant plasmids pSP33 (pBL33 derivative) and pSPC1 (pRC1 derivative) were found to be suitable for establishing new host-vector systems for Rhodococcus sp. R312. They all carry the Tn903 neomycin-resistance-encoding gene (aphI).

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2002

[Study on the kinetics of immobilized cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes MA-2 and Brevibacterium flavum MA-3].

The kinetics of immobilized cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes MA-2 and Brevibacterium flavum MA-3 cells were studied. By means of both a theoretical analysis of diffusion in the gel particles and an experimental determination of apparent kinetic parameters, the intrinsic kinetic parameters of immobilized cells of B. ammoniagenes MA-2 and B. flavum MA-3 cells were obtained.

Brevibacterium↗
PubMed1999

Reclassification of Brevibacterium incertum (Breed 1953) as Desemzia incerta gen. nov., comb. nov.

Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA indicates that Brevibacterium incertum is not a member of the genus Brevibacterium but related to species of the genus Carnobacterium. Hence, Brevibacterium incertum is not a member of the class Actinobacteria but belongs to the phylogenetically defined broad Bacillus-Lactobacillus cluster. Based upon properties that taxonomically clearly distinguishes Brevibacterium incertum from species of the phylogenetic sister genus Carnobacterium, Brevibacterium incertum is reclassified as Desemzia incerta gen. nov., comb. nov.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

23Na NMR spectroscopy of free Na+ in the halotolerant bacterium Brevibacterium sp. and Escherichia coli.

23Na NMR spectroscopy was used to determine free Na+ concentrations in a halotolerant bacterium, Brevibacterium sp., and Escherichia coli. The internal Na+ concentration of both strains depended little on the growth phases and was unchanged after 5 d storage at 2 degrees C. In Brevibacterium sp. the level of intracellular sodium increased gradually at higher extracellular NaCl concentrations in both the presence and absence of yeast extract in the growth medium. E. coli cells accumulated a higher concentration of free Na+ than those of Brevibacterium sp. The change of Na+ concentration in both strains was inverse to that of growth rate. When appropriate amounts of osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, or gamma-aminobutyrate) were added with the NaCl, internal free Na+ levels in Brevibacterium sp. were lowered, but those of E. coli were unchanged. While addition of KCl to medium containing NaCl increased the intracellular level of free Na+, the total sodium concentration in the cells remained unchanged, indicating that sodium that had been bound or attached was made free in the cytosol. In Brevibacterium sp. grown in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, free and bound sodium concentrations in the cytosol were estimated to be 0.14 and 0.23 mumol (mg protein)-1, respectively. As a result, visibility by 23Na NMR was 38%.

Brevibacterium↗
PubMed1991

[Potential vectors for molecular cloning in Brevibacterium flavum].

Construction of the shuttle cloning vectors for Escherichia coli-Brevibacterium flavum system is described. Expression of the Sp/Sm resistance determinant derived from the Corynebacterium plasmid pCG4 was registered in Escherichia coli cells. The genetic determinant for Sp/Sm resistance was shown to be located in a 2.2 kb PstI-SphI fragment by the deletion analysis mapping in Escherichia coli cells. Using Escherichia coli as a host we cloned the unique 0.8 kb EcoRI-EcoRI fragment of Brevibacterium flavum bacteriophage phi BSh6 in the plasmids with dual replication origins. Blocking of the shuttle vector transfer to Brevibacterium flavum by the insertion of bacteriophage phi BSh6 DNA was observed. The deletion of entire phage fragment or a specific part of it made it possible introduction of plasmids harboured by Escherichia coli cells into Brevibacterium flavum. A potential vector for homologous DNA cloning in Brevibacterium flavum was constructed.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2002

Brevibacterium endocarditis: a first report.

There are few case reports of infections caused by Brevibacterium species, and there have been no previously reported cases of endocarditis caused by any of the 6 known species of Brevibacterium. We report the first case of Brevibacterium endocarditis (caused by Brevibacterium otitidis) in a patient with prosthetic heart valves. The patient responded to 6 weeks of treatment with vancomycin and 2 weeks with gentamicin, and she has been receiving long-term maintenance therapy with oral azithromycin.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1999

Brevibacterium avium sp. nov., isolated from poultry.

Two strains of a Brevibacterium-like bacterium originating from bumble-foot lesions of domestic fowls were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The phenotypic characteristics of the bacterium were consistent with its assignment to the genus Brevibacterium although comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the organism represents a distinct subline within the genus. Chromosomal DNA-DNA pairing studies confirmed that the unidentified bacterium was genomically distinct and worthy of separate species status. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic distinctiveness of the bacterium from poultry, a new species, Brevibacterium avium, is proposed. The type strain of Brevibacterium avium is NCIMB 703055T.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transcriptional analysis and regulatory signals of the hom-thrB cluster of Brevibacterium lactofermentum.

Two genes, hom (encoding homoserine dehydrogenase) and thrB (encoding homoserine kinase), of the threonine biosynthetic pathway are clustered in the chromosome of Brevibacterium lactofermentum in the order 5' hom-thrB 3', separated by only 10 bp. The Brevibacterium thrB gene is expressed in Escherichia coli, in Brevibacterium lactofermentum, and in Corynebacterium glutamicum and complements auxotrophs of all three organisms deficient in homoserine kinase, whereas the Brevibacterium hom gene did not complement two different E. coli auxotrophs lacking homoserine dehydrogenase. However, complementation was obtained when the homoserine dehydrogenase was expressed as a fusion protein in E. coli. Northern (RNA) analysis showed that the hom-thrB cluster is transcribed, giving two different transcripts of 2.5 and 1.1 kb. The 2.5-kb transcript corresponds to the entire cluster hom-thrB (i.e., they form a bicistronic operon), and the short transcript (1.1 kb) originates from the thrB gene. The promoter in front of hom and the hom-internal promoter in front of thrB were subcloned in promoter-probe vectors of E. coli and corynebacteria. The thrB promoter is efficiently recognized both in E. coli and corynebacteria, whereas the hom promoter is functional in corynebacteria but not in E. coli. The transcription start points of both promoters have been identified by primer extension and S1 mapping analysis. The thrB promoter was located in an 87-bp fragment that overlaps with the end of the hom gene. A functional transcriptional terminator located downstream from the cluster was subcloned in terminator-probe vectors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Human infections caused by Brevibacterium casei, formerly CDC groups B-1 and B-3.

Forty-one clinical strains of CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3 were compared biochemically, by analysis of cell wall sugars, amino acids, and cellular fatty acids, and by DNA relatedness to the type strains of Brevibacterium casei, Brevibacterium epidermidis, and Brevibacterium linens. Twenty-two strains were shown to be B. casei, while five other strains formed a phenotypically inseparable genomospecies in the same genus. The remaining isolates were genetically heterogeneous, and most are probably members of the genus Brevibacterium. They were not further identified, but they were biochemically distinguishable from B. casei. Eleven of the clinical strains of B. casei were isolated from blood, and two each were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and from pleural fluid. At least five isolates were from multiple blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. To our knowledge, these strains are the first described clinical isolates identified as B. casei, which was previously considered to be a nonpathogenic species.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1999

Reclassification of Brevibacterium oxydans (Chatelain and Second 1966) as Microbacterium oxydans comb. nov.

Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicate that Brevibacterium oxydans is closely related to species of the genus Microbacterium, namely Microbacterium liquefaciens, Microbacterium luteolum and Microbacterium saperdae. DNA-DNA reassociation values of less than 60% between Brevibacterium oxydans and these three Microbacterium species support the distinctness of this misclassified Brevibacterium species, which is reclassified as Microbacterium oxydans comb. nov.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2001

Brevibacterium paucivorans sp. nov., from human clinical specimens.

Seven isolates from various human body sites displayed general chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics of the genus Brevibacterium. This was corroborated by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CF62T, showing a sequence similarity of 99% to Brevibacterium mcbrellneri. However, DNA-DNA hybridization, a peculiar amino acid content of the cell wall and some phenotypic properties clearly suggested that these strains belong to a new species, for which the name Brevibacterium paucivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of B. paucivorans is CF62T (= DSM 13657T = LMG 19814T). The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 55.8 mol%.

Brevibacterium↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of methods for molecular typing and identification of members of the genus Brevibacterium and other related species.

The genus Brevibacterium includes pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria with a high mol% G+C content. Species in the genus are difficult to identify by classical methods. The discriminatory power of DNA-based methods is assessed. Strains representing the four well established Brevibacterium species, and other related bacteria, were compared by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and ribotyping. Fingerprinting by rep-PCR and ribotyping provided complex genomic profiles with the highest discriminatory potential for molecular typing at the strain level, whereas ARDRA showed differentiation from the genus to the species levels. A high degree of heterogeneity within the genus Brevibacterium is apparent, thus indicating that the taxonomy of the genus should be further studied.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Enzymes involved in 3,5-diaminohexanoate degradation by Brevibacterium sp.

Cell-free extracts of Brevibacterium sp. L5 grown on DL-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate were found to contain a 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage enzyme that converts 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate and acetyl-coenzyme A (CokA) to 3-aminobutyryl-CoA and acetoacetate and a deaminase that coverts L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA. The cleavage enzyme has been purified extensively, and some of its properties have been determined for comparison with the 3-keto-6-acetamido-hexanoate cleavage enzyme of Pseudomonas sp. B4. The deaminase has been partially purified and characterized. Both the cleavage enzyme and the deaminase are induced by growth on 3,5-diaminohexanoate. The presence of these and other accessory enzymes in Brevibacterium sp. extracts accounts for the results of earlier tracer experiments which showed that C-1 and C-2 of 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate are converted mainly to acetoacetate and acetate, whereas C-3 to C-6 are converted mainly to 3-hydroxybutyrate or its coenzyme A thiolester. The enzymes observed in extracts of Brevibacterium sp. can account for the conversion of 3,5-diaminohexanoate to acetyl-CoA.

Amino Acids, Diamino↗