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Results for “Breed classification”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Breed classification of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Thai native chickens using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and genotyping by sequencing.

Lao PDR harbors substantial genetic diversity in native chicken populations, representing an important resource for sustainable production and long-term food security. This study aimed to classify five Lao native chicken breeds-Ou, Black Bone, Horn Chou, Yolk, and Chae-and to discriminate them from a Thai native breed, Leung Hang Khao (LK), using integrative genotype-based approaches. Blood samples were collected from 50 LK and Lao native chickens (32 Ou, 10 Black Bone, 9 Horn Chou, 121 Yolk, and 41 Chae). Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize biochemical composition, while genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was employed to identify genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SR-FTIR analysis revealed highly significant differences among breeds in nucleotide-associated functional groups, including thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine, as well as DNA backbone and deoxyribose components (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that principal component analysis (PCA) of SR-FTIR spectra effectively discriminated chicken breeds, while hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) further resolved them into two major clusters with distinct sub-clusters, reflecting variation in DNA biochemical composition. In contrast, GBS analysis identified 1484 common SNPs; however, PCA based on SNP data showed limited resolution in clearly separating breeds, despite revealing similar clustering trends. Overall, the results highlight the strong discriminatory power of SR-FTIR spectroscopy for rapid and effective classification of native chicken breeds at the molecular level, outperforming SNP-based differentiation under the current marker density. This study provides novel insights into the application of synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques in poultry genetics and contributes valuable baseline information for the conservation and utilization of Lao native chicken genetic resources.

Breed classification↗
PubMed1985

[Glaucoma in dogs and cats. Review and retrospective evaluation of 421 patients. I. Pathobiological background, classification and breed predisposition].

Glaucoma is diagnosed frequently in dogs and cats. A review of case records at the University of Utrecht Small Animal Clinic revealed that during a 4-year period glaucoma accounted for 8.6% of all ophthalmological diagnoses. Glaucoma is defined as an increased intraocular pressure, which sooner or later leads to loss of function of the eye. Primary and secondary types can be distinguished. In primary glaucoma an increased intraocular pressure exists in the absence of other primary eye disorders. By gonioscopy a discrimination can be made between open and narrow or closed anterior chamber angle forms of primary glaucoma. This requires a clear distinction between the definitions of chamber angle and filtration angle. In the Netherlands primary glaucoma is seen especially in the American Cocker Spaniel, Bouvier and Basset breeds. In secondary glaucoma an increased intraocular pressure occurs as a consequence of another primary eye disorder. Dislocation of the lens is the main cause for secondary glaucoma. Several-mainly small-terrier breeds are predisposed to this entity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Toward an animal model of type A behavior.

Time estimation and dominance tests were used to differentiate the behavior of Mongolian gerbils to be analogous to Type A and Type B human behavior. Preliminary classification of animals as "Type A" or "B" was based upon differential performance on DRL 20-sec and DRL 60-sec reinforcement schedules. To retain their preliminary classification, Type A and Type B animals were required to be dominant and subordinate, respectively, in matches with each of three same-sex animals of opposite behavioral classification. Following classification, breeding pairs were constituted and classification procedures were repeated with two succeeding generations. Animals that exhibited Type A timing "won" significantly more dominance matches than did Type B animals. Incidence rates of Type A and Type B behavior in the two selectively bred generations were significantly greater than frequencies in the original stock generation. The usefulness of the present animal model for investigating the association of Type A behavior with coronary heart disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Morphological studies of the canine intervertebral disc. The assignment of the beagle to the achondroplastic classification.

The morphological development of the epiphyseal growth plate and intervertebral discs of newborn and nine-month-old beagles, greyhounds and dachshunds have been studied. On the basis of the cellular and matrix development of these canine tissues together with the known characteristics associated with achondroplasia it is concluded that the beagle should be assigned to the chondrodystroid breed classification.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1985

[Glaucoma in dogs and cats. Review and retrospective evaluation of 421 patients. II. Clinical aspects].

The pathobiological backgrounds, breed predispositions and classification of glaucoma have been described in a previous publication. The symptoms of acute glaucoma (corneal edema and vascular injection of the scleral conjunctiva) may bear an insidious resemblance to those of a 'keratoconjunctivitis'. However, it is of great importance to diagnose glaucoma as soon as possible after onset, since lack of treatment may lead to irreversible blindness within one week. When glaucoma becomes chronic the eyeball becomes enlarged. The prognosis concerning vision is then grave. The most important diagnostic and prognostic examinations are retrograde illumination, slitlamp examination, gonioscopy, examination of the fundus and tonometry. Provocative tests may also be useful. Glaucoma can be treated medically or surgically. Medical treatment includes the administration of timolol). Combinations may be useful. Surgical treatment is directed toward improving the outflow of aqueous humor (iridectomy, iridencleisis) and decreasing the rate of formation of aqueous humor (cyclocryotherapy). When all therapies have failed to lower the intraocular pressure and there is no hope of preserving vision, enucleation of the globe can be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Determination of the relationship between sperm morphologic classifications and fertility in stallions: 66 cases (1987-1988).

The analysis of breeding records and sperm morphologic classifications from ejaculated semen during 99 stallion seasons, over a 2-year period, revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.34, P less than 0.01) between the percentage of morphologically normal sperm in ejaculates and the per cycle fertility estimate of the stallions studied. In addition, the percentage of sperm classified as having major defects (abnormal heads, proximal droplets, and abnormal midpieces) was significantly inversely correlated (r = -0.36, P less than 0.01) with the same fertility estimates. Multiple variable regression demonstrated that the variation in 2 morphologic features classified as major defects, abnormal heads, and proximal droplets, accounted for the largest amount of variation in fertility. It appears that in stallions, a large percentage of ejaculated sperm with major defects or other defects in combination with major defects is associated with a larger reduction in fertility than is associated with other defects.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Herbicide Resistance Genes in Crops: Mechanisms, Progress, and Future Perspectives.

While previous reviews have largely focused on individual crops or single target-site mechanisms, the full-chain comparative landscape across major cereal crops remains unexplored. Here, we fill this critical gap by providing the first systematic, cross-crop comparative review that spans herbicide targets, resistance mechanisms, and breeding applications across four major cereals-rice, maize, wheat, and sorghum. Weed infestation is a serious constraint on crop production. Chemical weed control faces challenges such as herbicide resistance evolution and ecological risks. Developing herbicide-resistant varieties is a fundamental approach to achieve green and sustainable weed management. This review systematically summarizes research progress on herbicide resistance genes from three aspects: herbicide classification, resistance mechanisms, and crop breeding applications. It highlights key differences among four major cereal crops (rice, maize, wheat, and sorghum) in resistance-gene discovery and translational progress. Rice has the richest target-site resistance-gene resources. Maize leads in commercialization of transgenic herbicide resistance. Wheat focuses on endogenous precise editing due to genome complexity and regulatory constraints. Sorghum relies on specific mutations to serve cereal-legume intercropping systems. Based on this comparison, this review identifies the core trends in resistance breeding: from single-gene to multi-gene stacking, and from exogenous gene introduction to endogenous gene editing. It also points out common bottlenecks, including insufficient systematic mining of resistance-gene resources, lagging elucidation of non-target-site resistance regulatory networks, and strong genotype dependence in genetic transformation. Future efforts should focus on exploring broad-spectrum resistance genes, optimizing precise editing technologies, and developing sustainable resistance management strategies. This review provides a theoretical framework and practical references for molecular breeding of herbicide-resistant crops.

crop breeding↗
PubMed1992

[Distribution and importance of sites of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead 1910 in the agglomeration of Bangui (Central Africal Republic)].

The authors review urban sites of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in the suburbs of Bangui and propose a classification of these sites. Among them, two isolated breeding sites are characterized by a high density of tsetse and a close man/fly contact. To prevent a possible reactivation of the historical sleeping sickness focus of Bangui-Bimbo, a tsetse control programme in these two sites is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Endometrial biopsy as a guide to diagnosis of endometrial pathology in the mare.

A safe and simple technique of endometrial biopsy is described which the results suggest is a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of suspected pathological conditions of the uterus. In conjunction with other clinical data and a knowledge of the breeding history, histopathological findings form a basis for prognosis and treatment of the subfertile mare. A system of classification is presented as a basis for continuing work on the correlation of endometrial histopathology with fertility and breeding potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Do familial neural tube defects breed true?

The tendency for sibs affected by non-syndromal neural tube defect (NTD) to have the same type of lesion was assessed retrospectively in a series of 66 affected sibships from the west of Scotland. Different schemes were used to classify the lesions: in the simplest classification into either anencephaly (including anencephaly-spina bifida) or spina bifida there was a tendency for spina bifida to breed true. More detailed description of the NTD in 48 sibships permitted classification according to location on the neuraxis; in this scheme sibs had dissimilar lesions. In 48 sets of affected sibs the lesions were separable into high NTD, which had involvement above vertebral level T12, and low NTD, which did not extend above T12. Low lesions comprised a minority of the total and each one occurred in a sibship with a high lesion. These results do not support the idea that NTDs occurring above and below vertebral level T12 have a different genetic basis.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1986

Partner preferences in different aged female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

It has been suggested that there is a strong age-peer preference for social partners among aged human and nonhuman primates. The purpose of this investigation was to study the social pairings that occurred in a large (70 animal) social group of rhesus macaques. Six females in each of three age classifications (old, prime, and young adults) were observed during a breeding season and nonbreeding season to determine with whom these individuals interacted in socially affiliative ways. The study group was housed in a 38 X 38 m outdoor area and only naturally occurring interactions were observed. The results suggest strong cross-age partner preferences that affect the distribution of socially affiliative responses within the group. There was a strong preference for kin in all classes except prime aged sisters. Among nonkin only the infants were consistently preferred as target animals for socially affiliative responses.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Coronavirus antibody detection in cats by computer-assisted kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (KELA): field studies.

A total of 2238 feline serum samples submitted to the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory over a 1-year period were tested for the presence of coronavirus antibodies, using the computer-assisted, kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (KELA). Cats from which sera were obtained were categorized by sex, age, breed, and disease status, and variations in mean antibody titers for different sub-classifications within each category were analyzed by computerized statistical analysis. As expected, higher mean antibody titers were recorded for cats with feline infectious peritonitis, and for cats with a recent history of possible coronavirus exposure. However, an unexpected inverse relationship between coronavirus antibody titer and age was also found. Certain cattery-oriented pure breeds appeared to have higher mean antibody titers, because their sample populations contained a higher percentage of younger cats and cats of unknown age-groups which, over-all, had higher mean titers. Taken together, the data substantiated the efficacy of the computer-assisted KELA for routine detection of serum coronavirus antibodies in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic resources to advance seed coat color and patterning genetics and breeding in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Seed coat color and patterning are key quality traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that define market classes and strongly influence consumer preference and market value. These traits are controlled by a complex network of major genes (sometimes with epistatic interactions), which complicates the recovery of desired market class phenotypes following inter-market class hybridization. Although many of the underlying loci have been genetically mapped, diagnostic, high-throughput molecular markers for efficient allele tracking across the Middle American and Andean gene pools remain limited. In this study, we developed and validated 24 gene-specific PCR Allele Competitive Extension (PACE) markers targeting seven major seed coat color genes (G, B, V, J, Rk, T, and Z) and two patterning genes (CPi and CSt), together with a previously reported marker associated with the postharvest seed coat darkening locus (Psd). An additional PACE marker targeting the Phaseolin (Phs) locus was developed to distinguish Middle American (S-type) and Andean (T-type) gene pools, providing a complementary tool for assessing genetic background alongside seed coat-specific loci. Marker performance was evaluated across three diverse panels, revealing high diagnostic accuracy for most loci (90%-100%). However, for loci such as J, V, Rk, T, and Z, allele-specific markers or marker combinations were required to capture full allelic diversity. Haplotype analysis further revealed substantial allelic diversity across market classes and identified background-specific interactions. Collectively, these results provide a comprehensive set of high-resolution, gene-anchored PACE markers for seed coat color, patterning, and gene pool classification in common bean. These markers enable rapid and precise allele tracking in breeding populations and germplasm collections, facilitating marker-assisted selection for market class-specific seed coat traits and accelerating genetic improvement.

Phaseolus↗
PubMed1977

[Oncorna-like virus particles in the cochlear spiral ganglion of guinea pigs (author's transl)].

INTRODUCTION: Virus particles in spiral ganglion cells of the guinea pig have been grouped with herpes viruses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this classification of the viruses and their influence on cell morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 healthy, adult guinea pigs from different breeds were studied. The spiral ganglion was serially sectioned and examined electron micoscopically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All examined spiral ganglions of several guinea pig populations from different breeds showed intracytoplasmic viruses in some granular spiral ganglion cells. According to their localization and morphology we classify these viruses with the oncorna virus group. This is not in agreement with the classification of other authors. Apparently there is a world-wide latent viral infection in guinea pigs. The accumulation of lysosomal-like vacuoles in vicinity to the viruses indicates an increased local lysosomal activity of the infected ganglion cells. Considering the otherwise normal ultrastructure of the infected cells an additional influence of these viruses on the intracellular metabolism can neither be demonstrated nor denied.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A heritable hyperlipemic rabbit.

In the course of study on serous cholesterol of rabbit, we found a male mutant with remarkably high cholesterol level (HLR). The characteristics of this mutant could be described as follows: (1) Serous chemical determinations for the mutant's serum revealed extremely high levels of total lipids, and beta-lipoprotein as total cholesterol, being 3011 mg/dl, 10.6 units and 447 mg/dl respectively. High cholesterol level continued these two years during observation, though some fluctuation has been observed. (2) Such hypercholesterolemia was heritable. Determinative gene for hypercholesterolemia seemed to be recessive and not sex-linked, because, while F1 generation did not show so high cholesterolemia, one female rabbit among twelve off-springs born by full-sib mating showed persisting hypercholesterolemia similar to original HLR. (3) HLR may serve as a model of human familial hyperlipemia Type II or III according to the classification by Fredrickson et al.

Animals↗