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Results for “Brain tumours”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Glial cell characteristics in bulk-prepared cell fractions from human brain tumours.

The heterogeneity of brain tumours, especially in the glioblastoma group, makes biochemical characterization of pieces of the tumours hazardous even with extensive histological controls. This study employs a technique by which separate cell populations are subsequently isolated from the tumours by means of density gradient centrifugation. Cells isolated from glial brain tumours with low density sedimentation rates show the highest levels of glial cell characteristics, i.e. S-100 content and active uptake of the neurotransmitter GABA.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1979

Transplantability and metastatic potential of chemically induced rat brain tumours.

From clinical observations it is known that brain tumours in principle do not metastasize. An explanation for this phenomenon is not available. The few described cases of distant metastases from primary brain tumours all occurred after surgery of the central nervous system. Furthermore, the brain does not contain a lymphatic system. The major question in this matter is whether the inability of CNS tumours to metastasize is based on a specific tumour bound property or on specific local factors. Since an experimental model for this situation was not available we induced brain tumours in rats. About 130 WAG/Rij and Sprague Dawley rats (males and females) were treated with the neurocarcinogen ethylnitroso-urea (ENU) within 24 hours after birth. Tumours appeared at the age of 6 to 29 months. All tumours were removed after killing the host and transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic rats. Histologically the tumours were mostly oligodendrogliomas, schwannomas and several mixed glial tumours. Metastases from these primary tumours were not observed. The transplanted tumours showed distant metastases in 52% of the cases. Metastases occurred mainly in lungs, liver and lymph nodes. From these observations it is concluded that the absence of metastases from primary brain tumours is probably not related to a specific property of brain tumours. Further research is emphasized on specific local factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with brain tumours.

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid CEA determination was done in 97 patients with neurosurgical disorders. Elevated titres were found in 14 of 64 patients with brain tumours. CEA levels were elevated significantly in patients with metastatic brain tumours. Following treatment, the values fell in three patients with ependymoma, medulloblastoma, and unverified brain tumour. This study suggests that CEA levels may be of value in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic brain tumours, and useful in the evaluation of patients with brain tumours after treatment. CEA in the cerebrospinal fluid was absent in eight patients with brain tumours.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2026

Leveraging single-cell and spatial omics for brain tumour insights to improve therapeutic strategies.

Single-cell and spatial omics (SPOs) technologies have advanced how healthcare physicians characterise brain tumours by enabling detailed understanding of their cellular architecture, functional states, and microenvironmental dynamics. These approaches provide high-resolution detection of tumour heterogeneity and allow precise analysis of the brain tumour microenvironment. Their application has also led to the discovery of novel biomarkers used for early brain tumour detection, prognosis, and improved tumour stratification. Furthermore, integrative multi-omic analyses have revealed new therapeutic targets, clarified mechanisms of drug resistance, and uncovered molecular pathways underpinning treatment failure. By bridging cellular-level insights with spatial context, SPOs hold significant promise for advancing personalised diagnostics, predicting therapeutic response, and guiding the development of targeted interventions for brain tumours. Despite these advances, several limitations constrain the full translational potential of SPOs, including high experimental costs, substantial computational demands, lack of standardised protocols, and challenges in data integration and reproducibility. Addressing these barriers through scalable bioinformatic pipelines, consensus experimental frameworks, and cost-effective platforms remains critical for broadening accessibility and enabling clinical adoption.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

[The problem of early diagnosis of brain tumours causing seizures only (author's transl)].

The diagnosis of brain tumour could not be made in 91 cases at the first investigation in a group of 1155 brain tumours. Slowly growing gliomas causing only epileptic fits and no other symptoms are especially difficult to diagnose. Of 21 personal observations of tumour seizures, in which the diagnosis of the neoplasm was missed at the first investigation in hospital, 9 were oligodendrogliomas, 5 astrocytomas, 3 glioblastomas, 2 spongioblastomas, 1 gangliocytoma and 1 a metastasis. They were all located in the frontal or centroparietal region. In most cases the seizures appeared during the third or fourth decade. The average interval between the first epileptic fit and the tumour diagnosis was 8.2 years in cases of oligodendrogliomas and 2.2 years in astrocytomas. 5 patients had major seizures, 2 had psychomotor attacks and all the others suffered from partial epilepsy. Anticonvulsive therapy was often successfull; either the frequency of the fits diminished or, in 2 cases, the character of the seizures changed. 18 patients had a normal neurostatus at time of the first investigation. Only 3 patients had a slight difference of physiological reflexes, but no other pathological signs. In none of the patients did investigation of the CSF, skull X-rays, brain scanning, pneumencephalography or cerebral angiography first lead to the diagnosis of a brain tumour. The EEG alone showed focal signs corresponding to the location of the tumour in about 50% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Use of high dose corticosteroids in patients with inoperable brain tumours.

Eleven patients with inoperable brain tumours were treated with high doses of corticosteroids (methylprednisolone 200-2000 mg/day) for up to 151 days (mean 55 days). Neurological improvement occurred in eight patients on high doses after deterioration on concentional doses (methylprednisolone 80-120 mg/day). In two patients steroids could be completely discontinued for several months. Serious adverse effects included sepsis in three patients and myopathy in tow. All three patients with sepsis also received chemotherapy. There were no deaths that could be attributed to steroids. The most likely effect of high dosage steroids is reduction of cerebral oedema. It is conceivable that in some instances high dose steroids may also result in tumour inhibition or oncolysis or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A second brain tumour and irradiation.

Three patients are described in whom irradiation of 2750 rad or more was used in the management of primary brain tumours, and 21 years or more later a second brain tumour of a different type occurred. One of the new tumours was a meningioma and the other two were cerebral astrocytomas. There is evidence to show that moderate doses of ionising radiations given in childhood for tinea capitis are associated with a late risk of developing a meningioma. Higher doses of radiation used for tumours in childhood are followed also by a late hazard of meningioma. There is insufficient evidence to implicate ionising radiations in the aetiology of gliomas. The oncogenic hazards of radiotherapy to the brain do not outweigh its therapeutic value in brain tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Uptake of bleomycin by human brain tumours.

The uptake of bleomycin (BLM) by various types of brain tumours after intravenous or intrathecal administration was investigated by bioassay in 67 patients. The correlation between the BLM distribution and the type and characteristics of brain tumours was studied.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1977

[On the classification of experimental brain tumours (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: The classification of experimental brain tumours is essential for mutual understanding and for comparison with human CNS tumours. The histogenetic principle of human neurooncology should be applied to the classification of experimental tumours, too. In rats different quantities of experimental tumours have been classified as ependymonas by various authors. The aim of our morphological investigation is to elucidate the reasons of the differences. The tumours were induced with ethyl- or methylnitrosourea in newborn or adult rats or by trnasplacentar application. Serial sections through the cerebrum of 57 rats were performed to detect early tumour stages and to study their localization within the brain. In other rats the brain and spinal cord were investigated in selected areas. RESULTS: 174 small tumours, most of them less than 2 mm in diameter were found. Early tumour stages never involved the ependyma of the ventricular walls or of the central canal of the spinal cord. These tumours exhibited a strong activity of acid phosphatase whereas the ependymal cells were inactive. No true rosettes, cilia or blepharoblasts were seen in the tumours. No perivascular zones, free of nuclei were found. In literature the experimental ependymomas have been diagnosed on grounds of row-like arrangements of tumour cells. We found similar peculiar structures in large experimental oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas. Our findings suggest that the classification of experimental brain tumours as ependymomas is not justified in many of the cases published in literature. To avoid misinterpretation of experimental results in their significance for human neurooncology the criteria of the histogenetic classification should be applied thoroughly.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumours. II. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary brain tumours.

Circulating peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were analysed in patients with primary intracranial neoplasia. Patients with tumours of glial origin demonstrated a significant depletion of E-rosetting lymphocytes whereas the quantitative lymphocyte profiles of patients with non-glial brain tumours were normal. The number of immunoglobulin and Fe receptor-bearing cells was not significantly altered in any group of patients: however, the EAC-RFC subpopulation was increased in those with malignant gliomas. Two hypotheses are suggested to explain these observations: first, the presence of cross-reacting antibody between T cells and brain (glial) cells, and secondly, the proliferation of EAC-RFC in response to malignant degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Early stages of experimental brain tumours in rats. Investigation of serial sections (author's transl)].

The results of transplacental induction of brain tumours by a single intravenous injection of ethylnitrosourea in a dosage of 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight to pregnant BD IX and Albino rats on the 17th day of gestation are presented. From 46 animals of the offspring 43 rats developed 185 intracranial neoplams. 157 of them were early stages. Most of the animals had multiple tumours. One rat showed 13 separate tumour nodules. The average number of brain tumours was 4.3 per rat. 101 tumours had a diameter of less than 1 mm. The neoplasms were classified as 179 glial tumours (mainly polymorphous gliomas, oligodendroastrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas), 4 sarcomas and 2 gliosarcomas. All the oligodendrogliomas and about two thirds of the polymorphous gliomas were early stages. The following preferential localizations in the rat brain were established: White matter of cerebrum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, cortex of cerebrum and brain stem. 25.4% of the tumours were localized in the subependymal area. Bulbus and tractus olfactorius, leptomeninx, and cerebellum were very rare sites of tumour growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunocytochemical evidence of SV 40-related T antigen in two human brain tumours of ependymal origin.

A series of thirty-time human brain tumours has been screened for the presence or absence of SV 40-related T antigen by the direct and indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. Two tumours (an ependymoma and a choroid plexus papilloma) of ependymal origin revealed markedly positive nuclear staining for T antigen both in in vivo and in vitro. The possible viral etiology of these human brain tumours is discussed in relation to recent human papovavirus isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Malignant brain tumours associated with adenylate kinase in cerebrospinal fluid.

Adenylate-kinase activity was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) from 35 healthy control subjects and 11 patients with brain tumours, of which 9 were malignant and 2 benign. No adenylate kinase could be detected in C.S.F. from the controls or from the patients with benign brain tumours. The enzyme was consistently found in C.S.F. from patients with malignant brain tumours.

Adenylate Kinase↗
PubMed1978

Scintigraphic assessment of vascularity and blood-tissue barrier of human brain tumours.

Assessment of vascularity and blood-tissue barrier was performed by sequential scintigraphy in 43 patients with brain tumours. The blood-tumour barrier was evaluated by use of 99mTc-pertechnetate, and vascularity using 99mTc-labelled red blood cells. Three groups of tumours were found: tumours with low vascularity and permeable barrier, tumours with high vascularity and permeable barrier, and tumours with low vascularity and relatively impermeable barrier. The first group indicates that when vessels are permeable, there may be a rapid penetration of large amounts of pertechnetate into the tumour even when vascularity is not increased. In the other two groups penetration of pertechnetate into the tumour is affected by vascularity, as it determines the total area where passage of the radiopharmaceutical takes place. It is suggested that the permeability of the blood-tumour barrier and the amount of vascularity may have an effect on the success of chemotherapy in brain tumours.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗
PubMed1975

Immunological differential diagnosis of human brain tumours.

Results of immunological experiments with various human brain tumours show differences between astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme when brain-specific alpha2-glycoprotein is used as an immunological marker. On this basis a tentative model of cytogenesis and oncogenic transformation of glial cells was presented. Morphological resemblances between the brain-specific alpha2-glycoprotein immuno-precipitation lines obtained from astrocytoma cells and from normal cerebral white matter treated with neuraminidase are discussed in relation to experimental and clinical studies of tumour cells treated with neuraminidase.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural basis for different pertechnetate uptake patterns by various human brain tumours.

Patterns of pertechnetate uptake were correlated with ultrastructural properties of the endothelial wall in 14 human brain tumours. In tumours with reduced uptake of the radionuclide, intercellular tight junctions were observed whereas absence of intercellular tight junctions was characteristic of all tumours with an increased uptake of pertechnetate. In some tumours with increased uptake, fenestrated endothelial wall was seen while in others non-fenestrated wall was evident. We concluded that intercellular junctions and not fenestrations affect the permeability of brain tumours to pertechnetate.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1979

Primary brain tumour presenting as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.

In an autopsy series of 430 spontaneous intracerebral haematomas 44 cases, or 10.2 percent, were caused by a proved neoplasm, including 21 anaplastic gliomas, 17 metastases, 2 oligodendrogliomas, 2 malignant lymphomas, and one meningioma. These instances of massive bleeding into brain tumour represented 2.4 percent of about 1,800 primary and secondary cerebral neoplasms proved by necropsy. In only four of the patients with primary brain tumours (two glioblastomas, one oligodendroglioma invading the leptomeninges, and one primary malignant lymphoma), three of them with a history of arterial hypertension, were the presenting symptoms these of a spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, and the tumour itself was not diagnosed until surgery or necropsy. One patient with acute haemorrhage into a glioblastoma of the basal ganglia showed a rapidly lethal course, while the others demonstrated one or more episodes before the onset of the acute fatal illness and a prolonged period from the time of the bleed until death. The clinical features and the pathogenesis of spontaneous haemorrhage into cerebral neoplasms are briefly reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Reacting ultrastructure of the human oligodendrocyte (a study of cerebral cortex distant to brain tumours).

Electron microscopical examination of adjacent human cerebral cortex from patients with brain tumour revealed the following morphological distinctive features of the oligodendrocyte: the presence of a diffuse electron dense material, large quantities of free ribosomes or ribosomal rosettes, eccentric nucleus with irregular clumps of chromatin, swollen perinuclear cisterna, extensive cytoplasmic microtubules, well-developed Golgi apparatus opposite the eccentric nuclei, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The majority of oligodendrocytes contain large indefinable heterogeneous electron-dense structures within their perikaryon or processes. Oligodendrocytes with similar inclusion bodies are seen in the vicinity of capillaries. For these reasons a possible phagocytic activity of the human oligodendrocyte seems likely.

Astrocytoma↗