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Results for “Brain Abscess”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Electroencephalographic cranial computerized tomographic correlations in brain abscess.

The authors studied 19 cases of brain abscess. The investigation included one or more EEG records from 13 patients and one or more cranial computerized tomograms in all cases. In this work the two techniques were associated to establish the diagnosis of cerebral abscess. The EEG is almost always abnormal and pronounced EEG disturbances are, in most cases, sufficient for indicating a diagnosis of a space-occupying process. On the other hand, EEG patterns suggestive of brain abscess were detected in only 38% of the patients. In brain abscess, CCT is of considerable value since the existence of 'suppurative' images was demonstrated in all cases and of these, 70% were characteristic. The association of these two techniques is thus extremely useful in the diagnosis of cerebral abscess, to follow its evolution and to detect postoperative relapse or to evaluate the efficiency of medical management alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

EEG in brain abscess: its value in localization compared to other diagnostic tests.

The EEG records of 13 cases of brain abscess were reviewed for their value in localization. Of the 11 cases of supratentorial abscesses localization was achieved in 10, and correct lateralization in the remaining 1 case. Two other cases were cerebellar abscesses; 1 of them showed a false cerebral localization; the other showed no focal abnormalities. The most consistent EEG localizing sign was focal arrhythmic delta waves. These were as slow as 0.5 c/sec in 6 of the 13 cases. Epileptiform discharges in the pre-operative EEG were seen in 4 of the 13 cases. Asymmetry of beta activity correctly lateralized the abscess in 7 of the 11 supratentorial abscesses. Generalized abnormalities when present correlated with depression of consciousness rather than with the duration of illness or the presence of raised intracranial pressure. Indium brain scans were done in 6 supratentorial abscesses and provided correct or approximate localization in 5. Carotid angiograms were also done in 7 cases and localized the abscess in 6. Our findings show that the EEG is comparable to brain scans and contrast radiological studies in localizing supratentorial abscesses. We feel that the combination of EEGs and brain scanslization in suspected brain abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Aspiration of a Parietal Brain Abscess With Metagenomic Identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Robot-assisted stereotactic aspiration offers a minimally invasive approach to brain abscesses near the eloquent cortex. We report a rare case of a left parietal abscess caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum in an immunocompetent adult, managed successfully with this approach. The patient, a 52-year-old man, presented with right-sided limb numbness. MRI and contrast-enhanced CT revealed a cystic, ring-enhancing lesion with diffusion restriction in the left parietal lobe. Despite empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics, neurological deterioration occurred due to progressive mass effect. Robot-assisted stereotactic aspiration enabled single-stage, precise drainage of the abscess. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified F. nucleatum , prompting adjustment of antibiotics to ceftriaxone plus metronidazole, followed by metronidazole monotherapy. The patient improved clinically, and a 6-month MRI confirmed complete resolution, underscoring the precision of robotic stereotaxy for eloquent-region abscesses and highlighting the diagnostic value of metagenomic sequencing in detecting anaerobic pathogens.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Abscesses of the frontal lobe of the brain secondary to covert dental sepsis.

The bacterial species found in pus aspirated from brain abscesses in two patients were typical of those found in dental sepsis. Subsequently apical-root abscesses were demonstrated in the upper jaws of both patients. This evidence strongly suggests that these cerebral abscesses were secondary to dental sepsis which could have spread from the teeth to the frontal lobes by several possible antaomical pathways.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1975

Complications of acute frontal sinusitis.

The bone separating the frontal sinus from the anterior cranial fossa and the orbit is often quite thin. This, plus the interrelated venous drainage system of these areas, forms the anatomic basis for serious orbital and intracranial complications that must be recognized early. These include orbital cellulitis and abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, subdural and brain abscess and meningitis. Early hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic therapy and, occasionally, emergency surgical drainage are required.

Abscess↗
PubMed2026

Clinical impact of 16S rRNA RC-PCR NGS on infectious disease management.

16S rRNA metagenomics provides a culture-independent method for diagnosing infections with fastidious or uncultivable organisms, guiding targeted therapy, and detecting polymicrobial communities. This study utilizes reverse complement (RC)-PCR next-generation sequencing (NGS) to accurately identify bacterial pathogens from clinical specimens and assess its impact on clinical decision-making, setting it apart from conventional 16S sequencing approaches. A retrospective analysis of an ISO 15189 accredited 16S RC-PCR NGS diagnostic workflow targeting the V1-6 and V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted over a 2-year period, including 390 clinical specimens from 316 patients. 16S RC-PCR NGS results were discussed in a multidisciplinary consultation and subsequently reported to the clinic. In total, 1,283 RC-PCR results were analyzed, of which 517 were from clinical specimens, 284 were negative controls, 66 were positive controls, and 416 were from wet lab and bioinformatic pipeline validation. 16S RC-PCR NGS assay detected bacterial taxa in 179/390 (45.9%) of clinical specimens, while 201/390 (51.5%) were negative, and 10/390 (2.6%) yielded uninterpretable results. The specimen types pus, pleural fluid, and heart valves exhibited the highest positivity rate (68% to 70%). Overall, 16S RC-PCR NGS influenced diagnostic decision making in 145/282 (51.4%) clinical cases and guided therapeutic management in 77/282 (27.3%) cases. Results providing definite evidence for either the presence or absence of bacterial infection were considered clinically valuable. Integration of 16S RC-PCR NGS pathogen detection with multidisciplinary consultation markedly improved clinical management, directly impacting diagnosis and treatment of complex clinical cases in a tertiary care setting. The effect was most pronounced in brain abscess patients, where RC-PCR results guided treatment decisions in 9/13 (69.2%) of cases.IMPORTANCETimely and accurate diagnosis is essential for managing serious infections, yet clinicians often face situations where routine laboratory tests do not provide clear answers. This study demonstrates that next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene can decisively resolve these uncertainties. By revealing whether bacteria are present in clinical specimens, this approach influenced clinical reasoning and supported treatment decisions across a variety of challenging cases. 16S reverse-complement PCR was especially powerful for brain abscesses and infections where the causative microorganism was unclear, providing clarity that directly improved patient care. These findings show that integrating advanced sequencing with expert clinical interpretation can enhance the management of complex infections and support more confident, evidence-based therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The Lancet - Saturday II October 1975. Sodium iothalamate as an aid to diagnosis of intracranial lesions by computerised transverse axial scanning.

The diagnostic accuracy of computerised transverse axial tomography in conjunction with enhancement of tissue density by sodium iothalamate was assessed in 438 patients, 256 of them having intracranial tumours and 182 having other intracranial disorders. THE 80 X 80 matrix and 20 ml intravenous sodium iothalamate were used in 174 patients, the 160 X 160 matrix and 20 ml sodium iothalamate in 126 patients, and the 160 X 160 matrix and 60 ml sodium iothalamate in 138 patients. The diagnostic accuracy rose from 87% in the first group to 100% in the final group. The proportion of patients showing enhancement of tumour tissue density improved from 64% in the first group to 96% in the third. In the non-tumour patients, excluding those in whom the underlying disease caused no alteration of brain structure or tissue density, the overall accuracy was 96%, being unaffected by the modifications of technique. The enhancement of tissue density in brain abscesses, some cerebral infarcts, and angiomas could be readily distinguished from that seen in tumours.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1979

Induction chemotherapy in advanced squamous head and neck carcinoma with high-dose cis-platinum and bleomycin infusion.

Forty patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with combined Cis-platinum-Bleomycin chemotherapy. Cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (DDP) 120 mg/m2 iv was given after prehydration, with mannitol diuresis on Day 1. On Day 3, an initial loading dose of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 was given by rapid iv push followed by continuous 24 hour intravenous infusion of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 Day 3 through Day 10. DDP 120 mg/m2 iv was administered again on Day 22. The patients were evaluated for tumor response and resectability between Day 29 to Day 35. Of 39 patients who were evaluable, there were 8 complete responses or CR (20%) and 22 partial responses or PR (56%), for a major response rate of 76%. Nineteen patients had surgery (14 patients whose lesions were initially inoperable and 5 patients who were initially operable). Chemotherapy toxicity in 40 patients included alopecia (40), vomiting (39), mucositis (11), skin rash (10), fever (17), weight loss of more than 5 lbs. (25), WBC less than 3,000 (2), platelets less than 100,000 (1), peak serum creatinine of 2 mg% (3), severe-hearing loss (1), hypersensitivity reaction (2). Surgical complication in 19 patients were pharyngocutaneous fistulae (2), wound dehiscence (1), meningitis and brain abscess (1). There was one death secondary to nephrotoxicity. This particular combination chemotherapy when given as initial treatment, appears very effective in reduction of tumor bulk. Long-term follow-up and randomization is necessary to determine effect upon survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Extractions of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth in the presence of acute infection.

The removal of 720 impacted mandibular third molars in the presence of acute pericoronitis, employing as atraumatic an operative technique as possible, did not give rise to serious complications, such as osteomyelitis, brain abscess, septicemia or facial space abscess. The results have been compared with a control group of 1,000 impacted mandibular third molars extracted without presence of acute infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Inflammatory disease of the brain diagnosed by computed tomography.

Inflammatory disease of the brain, particularly of pyogenic etiology, may be most accurately assessed by the use of computed tomography and contrast enhancement. Examples of cerebritis, evolving and mature intracerebral abcesses, and inflammatory extracerebral collections are presented and discussed, particularly with reference to differential diagnosis and the problem of infectious versus neoplastic etiology. Ancillary studies, particulary selective arteriography, are reviewed where appropriate. The residual changes of inflammatory disease of the brain after medical and/or surgical therapy are illustrated, and the value of serial examinations is emphasized. The rural indigent patient population (American Indian) served by the University of New Mexico Medical Center is a source of case material providing several examples of severe and untreated intracerebral infectious processes heretofore not described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Central nervous system lesions biopsied or treated by CT-guided needle placement.

Computed tomography has been utilized to guide a needle into central nervous system lesions as small as one centimeter in diameter. Direct puncture has drained many abscesses effectively, provided material for immediate Gram stain and subsequent culture, and permitted irrigation with appropriate antibioties, Multilocular cerebral lesions and loculated extracerebral fluid collections have been aspirated and treated with this technique. Aspiration of known cystic tumors has reduced their mass and obviated some palliative decompressions. Unresectable gliomas and metastases have been biopsied prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Hemorrhage and other rare complications of biopsy may be detected and immediately treated.

Adolescent↗