Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bottle Feeding”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and maternal autonomic responses to stress.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of breast feeding on autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to stressors. METHODS: Sympathetic and parasympathetic activities were examined before, during, and after standard laboratory stressors in women who were either exclusively breast feeding (n=14) or nonexclusively breast feeding (n=14), and in non-postpartum controls (n=15). RESULTS: Mothers who breast fed exclusively showed greater levels of parasympathetic cardiac modulation and slower heart rate (HR) throughout the session and less HR increase and preejection period (PEP) shortening to mental arithmetic (MA) than did nonexclusive breast feeders and controls. Nonexclusive breast-feeders showed greater electrodermal reactivity to, and greater differences in skin conductance response (SCR) frequency between baseline and recovery from cold pressor (CP) than did either exclusive breast-feeders or controls. Sympathetic activity was negatively related to the number of breast feedings and positively related to bottle feedings. CONCLUSION: Breast feeding shifts maternal ANS balance toward relatively greater parasympathetic and lesser sympathetic activity; the opposite occurs with bottle feeding. The frequency of feeding also is a critical factor in determining breast feeding effects on maternal ANS function.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

On the physics of the infant feeding bottle and middle ear sequela: ear disease in infants can be associated with bottle feeding.

BACKGROUND: When using conventional feeding bottles, negative pressure is generated in the oral cavity, as well as, in the bottle when fluid is removed by sucking. The negative pressure inside the bottle causes the infant to suck excessively and the intraoral negative pressure may subsequently be transmitted to the middle ear via the eustachian tube. METHODS: in seven infants, simultaneous pressure recordings were performed in the feeding vessel and the middle ear using three types of feeding bottles. RESULTS: with conventional non-ventilated and under-ventilated bottles a negative pressure formed while the infant sucked and negative intratympanic pressure was frequently generated. CONCLUSIONS: it is suggested that this sequence of events may lead to secretory otitis and it's accompanying consequences. In contrast, a fully ventilated bottle showed positive pressure throughout the feeding procedure, which is similar to normal breast-feeding, and negative pressure changes were not recorded in the middle ear.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2000

Why some women do not breast feed: bottle feeding and fathers' role.

OBJECTIVE: To explore women's experiences and perceptions of baby feeding and to explore the explanations offered by women who choose to either breast or bottle feed. DESIGN: A qualitative study, which was prospective in design. Participants were interviewed three times: the first stage was between six and 14 weeks of pregnancy; the second stage was between 34 and 39 weeks; and the third stage was between six and 14 weeks after childbirth. PARTICIPANTS: 19 participants were recruited to the study group via 12 antenatal clinics in Coventry, UK. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: The data indicate that participants make baby-feeding decisions either prior to conception or early in the pregnancy. Findings also indicate that both breast and bottle feeders possessed knowledge of the benefits of breast feeding, but this did not seem to influence decision making. One of the most significant factors influencing the decision to bottle feed appears to be a desire for paternal involvement. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: To increase the incidence of breast feeding, health-care professionals should consider the need for preconceptual health promotion. The role of paternal involvement in baby-feeding decisions also needs to be acknowledged and men need to be included in breast-feeding promotion campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and non-nutritive sucking; effects on occlusion in deciduous dentition.

AIMS: To assess the effect of the type of feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity on occlusion in deciduous dentition. METHODS: Retrospective study of 1130 preschool children (3-5 years of age) who had detailed infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity history collected by a structured questionnaire. They all had an oral examination by a dentist, blinded to different variables evaluated. RESULTS: Non-nutritive sucking activity has a substantial effect on altered occlusion, while the effect of bottle feeding is less marked. The type of feeding did not have an effect on open bite, which was associated (89% of children with open bite) with non-nutritive sucking. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in bottle fed children and in those with non-nutritive sucking activity. The percentage of cross-bite was lower in breast fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (5%) than in bottle fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (13%). CONCLUSIONS: Data show that non-nutritive sucking activity rather than the type of feeding in the first months of life is the main risk factor for development of altered occlusion and open bite in deciduous dentition. Children with non-nutritive sucking activity and being bottle fed had more than double the risk of posterior cross-bite. Breast feeding seems to have a protective effect on development of posterior cross-bite in deciduous dentition.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1995

Breast feeding, bottle feeding and dental caries in Kuwait, a country with low-fluoride levels in the water supply.

A study was carried out in Kuwait, a country with low levels of fluoride in the water supplies, to determine the prevalence and extent of caries in early childhood, and enquire into associated factors. Mothers of pre-schoolchildren were interviewed, and their children aged 18 to 48 months received a dental examination. Of the 227 children examined, 107 (47 per cent) were caries free, and 41 (18%) had five or more dmf teeth. 'Nursing caries', affecting at least two maxillary incisors, was seen in 19 per cent of the sample. Breast fed children were significantly more likely to be caries free than those who were bottle fed from birth, although 'nursing caries' was positively associated with the practice of breast feeding at night 'at will' after 6 months of age (P < 0.01). Bottle fed children were more likely to develop caries, including 'nursing caries', particularly when the practice was continued to an older age. It was concluded that 'nursing caries' constitutes a significant dental health problem in Kuwait.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2004

Acoustic study of swallowing behaviour in premature infants during tube-bottle feeding and bottle feeding period.

The premature infant has limited ability to integrate the swallowing-breathing cycle during feeding. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of swallowing between the period of tube-bottle (TBF) and bottle (BF) feeding by means of cervical auscultation in premature infants. Twenty-three premature infants were enrolled (mean gestational age 34.7 +/- 1.7 weeks). Audiosignal recordings were made during TBF and BF with a small microphone set in front of the cricoid cartilage. The following parameters were calculated for 2 min and reported at 1 min: the percentage of time involved in swallowing (ST), the numbers of swallows (SN) and swallowing bursts (SB) and swallowing groups (SG). Individual histograms were established to show the individual pattern of swallowing behaviour and the distribution of groups, bursts and swallows over 2 min. Mean (STm), (SNm), (SBm), (SGm) values were calculated (+/- S.D.). Statistical analysis was used to compare the means and to establish correlations between parameters and curves. (STm), (SNm) and (SBm) increased significantly during BF compared with TBF for all premature infants and during follow-up. The histograms showed that in BF the groups were high in bursts. These findings and the histograms for each infant will allow determination of transition to bottle feeding without risk corresponding to the stage of maturation of swallowing function.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1990

Determinants for breast feeding and bottle feeding in Botswana.

In the Botswana Primary Health Care Survey 1983-84 data on breast and bottle feeding were collected as well as characteristics of households, mothers, and children. The country-wide median breast-feeding duration was 1 year and 7 months, with a tendency towards shorter duration in the urban areas. Better hygienic conditions, higher education of the mother, and wage employment of the mothers were associated with shorter breast-feeding duration. Similarly, the risk of starting bottle feeding was higher in households with better hygienic conditions. However, a substantial proportion of the bottle feeding took place in households lacking piped water indoors. These data may indicate a current shift from traditional feeding patterns towards shorter breast feeding and introduction of bottle feeding, starting among well-off families, but also threatening the health of children in less privileged conditions. The association with maternal factors such as type of occupation calls for breast feeding promotion including improved conditions for the salary employed mothers.

Botswana↗
PubMed1982

Psychological factors in breast feeding versus bottle feeding in the Third World.

Some readers may be aware of the sociopolitical and moral issues associated with the theme of Brenda Meldrum's article (Bulletin, June 1982) about breast and bottle feeding in the 3rd world. For over a decade many groups (e.g. War on Want; World Development Movement) have been concerned that unnecessary bottle feeding has almost certainly resulted in considerable infant disease and mortality in the 3rd world. Morever, such groups have been well aware of the high psychological value of formula foods; and have attributed this mainly to the aggressive and fundamentally dishonest way in which food companies promote their breastmilk substitutes. In 1979, in response to the bad publicity resulting from the campaigning of 3rd world agencies, Nestle and others agreed to adopt a voluntary code of practice proposed by World Health Organization and UNICEF. However, commercial interests have prevailed--baby food sales in 3rd world account for 2 1/2% of 1 transnational group's turnover--and the malpractices have continued. In view of this we feel that it is appropriate to amend Brenda Meldrum's conclusion to: While transnational corporations continue to actively promote their baby food products in the 3rd world, there can be no reversal to the old, exclusive breastfeeding of traditional practice, and that infants that would otherwise have lived will continue to die. The boycott campaign is continuing and might we suggest that BPS members who organize conferences give some thought to the possibility of requesting that their caterers do not use products of these companies. A list of companies may be obtained from New Internationalist (February 1982) or from us.

Advertising↗
PubMed1989

Breast feeding and bottle feeding controversies in the developing world: evidence from a study in four countries.

This paper describes some of the findings from a comparative study to investigate infant feeding practices and their determinants in four Third World urban areas: Bangkok, Thailand; Bogota, Colombia; Nairobi, Kenya; and Semarang, Indonesia. The information about developing country urban woman provided by these data allows examination of the interaction of feeding practices with socio-economic and biomedical variables. Through the use of descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analytic techniques, it is possible to explore some of the questions which have been debated regarding infant feeding practices. Data addressing five major questions are described in this paper: (1) Is breast feeding declining? (2) Is bottle feeding making women breast feed less? (3) Why do women use bottles? (4) How do mothers get the idea of using bottles? (5) How does paid employment affect infant feeding practices and the use of baby bottles? The study documents changes in infant feeding that can be expected to have detrimental effects for child health and for child spacing. Bottle use appears to interfere with breast feeding in all cultures, but more dramatically in more 'modernized' societies. Mothers resort to bottle use for a variety of reasons, but not usually as an attempt to wean. The health care system often provides the first contact between mothers and bottle use, and health care providers frequently encourage the use of artificial feeding. Women who work away from home early in their infants' lives must often use bottle feeding, but the percent of women affected is very small. Many more women use bottles and wean early than work away from home, and most artificially-fed babies do not have working mothers.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Breast-feeding and bottle-feeding of twins, triplets and higher order multiple births.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the rates of breast-feeding and/or bottle-feeding in mothers of twins, triplets and higher order multiple births compared to those in mothers of singletons, and identify factors associated with decision as to breast-feed or bottle-feed. METHODS: The subjects were 1,529 mothers of twins aged 6 months-6 years and 258 mothers of triplets and higher order multiple births (higher multiples) aged 6 months-6 years (234 mothers of triplets, 20 mothers of quadruplets, 4 mothers of quintuplets). Also, 1,300 subjects were recruited as a control group from mothers of singletons aged 6 months-6 years. Information regarding feeding methods, including exclusive breast-feeding, mixed-feeding and bottle-feeding with formula milk only, and duration of breast-feeding (in months) was collected. RESULTS: There were significantly higher rates of bottle-feeding in mothers of twins and higher multiples than in mothers of singletons. Duration of breast-feeding in mothers who chose exclusive breast-feeding or mixed-feeding for twins and higher multiples was significantly shorter than those for the singletons. The feeding methods for the twins or higher multiples were not associated with prematurity or low birth weight. However, after adjusting for each associated factor using logistic regression analysis, the decision to bottle-feed was significantly associated with non-cooperation of the husband in childrearing and degree of anxiety that mothers felt when informed of a multiple pregnancy. The odds ratio indicated that mothers who received no cooperation from the husband for childrearing were 1.83 times more likely to choose bottle-feeding as those who received cooperation. Further, the odds ratio indicated that mothers who felt greater anxiety when informed of a multiple pregnancy were 1.73 times more likely to choose bottle-feeding as those who did not feel much anxiety. CONCLUSION: This study found that establishment and continuation of breast-feeding for twins, triplets and higher order multiple births are much more difficult than for singletons. Further, cooperation of the husband in childrearing and the degree of maternal anxiety when informed of a multiple pregnancy are significant factors affecting the decision to breast-feed or bottle-feed for twins, triplets or higher order multiple births.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physiological responses of preterm infants to breast-feeding and bottle-feeding with the orthodontic nipple.

BACKGROUND: Although the orthodontic nipple has been recommended for many years to supplement breast-feeding infants, it is not known if this nipple is suitable for hospitalized preterm infants whose mothers wish to breast-feed. OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare short-term physiologic responses of preterm infants serving as their own controls for two feeding methods, breast-feeding and bottle-feeding with the orthodontic nipple. METHOD: The sample consisted of eight preterm infants, mean birth weight of 1,370 grams and mean gestational age at birth of 30.2 weeks' gestation, who served as their own controls for breast- and bottle-feeding sessions. The dependent variables, sucking, breathing, and oxygen saturation, were measured noninvasively throughout breast- and bottle-feeding sessions and recorded on a polygraph. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively for 14 breast-feeding sessions and 15 bottle-feeding sessions. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in that infants breathed more during sucking bursts for breast-feeding sessions when compared to bottle-feeding sessions and had fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation during breast-feeding. A characteristic sucking waveform associated with organized breathing was observed for some infants during bottle-feeding with the orthodontic nipple. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the orthodontic nipple is appropriate for supplementing breast-feeding for some preterm infants. Further research is needed to examine long-term outcomes.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2006

Coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and oxygen saturation during early infant breast-feeding and bottle-feeding.

This prospective study compared the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and its relationship to oxygen saturation in infants during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding. After 4 to 6 wk of exclusive breast-feeding, infants began bottle-feedings of expressed human milk using one of two systems: a soft-walled bottle and nipple (system 1, Playtex) or a hard-walled bottle and nipple (system 2, Avent). Infants' sucking, swallowing, breathing, and oxygenation were measured during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding, and coordination of these activities during breast-feeding and bottle-feeding were compared. During breast-feeding, swallowing occurred nonrandomly between breaths and did not interfere with breathing. The same distribution of swallowing occurred in infants fed with system 1, while swallowing occurred randomly in infants fed with system 2. Swallowing significantly increased during bottle-feeding among infants using system 2, but decreased among infants using system 1. Infants using system 2 also had a greater instability in the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing and more perturbation of breathing. Oxygen saturation was significantly higher in infants fed with system 1 compared with system 2. These results suggest that the overall feeding pattern and oxygenation of system 1 are closer to the physiologic norm than system 2.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Bottle-feeding: influence of teat-hole on suck volume.

Infants have been fed with teats whose end-holes varied in shape and size. Two types of feeding-bottles were used. With conventional feeding-bottles, variations of teat-hole shape and size did not significantly alter the volumes of milk obtained at each suck. However, when an infant feeding-bottle was used which contained a valve, then variations in teat-hole shape and size did alter the volumes of milk obtained. The volume of milk obtained from a standard teat under such circumstances was the same as the volume previously calculated for breast-feeding.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The choice to breast feed or bottle feed and influences upon that choice: a survey of 1525 mothers.

A consecutive sample of 1525 mothers was interviewed after delivery in hospital in order to investigate the characteristics of breast and bottle feeders and to examine the reasons for deciding how to feed and the influences upon that decision. Breast feeding was associated with age, social class and parity. A woman's choice of feeding was strongly associated with her husband's opinion if he had a definite preference; also her choice was associated with the feeding method of her own mother if it had been consistent. The most frequent reasons for breast feeding were the belief that it was 'better for the baby' and that it was 'natural'. The most commonly reported reasons for bottle feeding were that breast feeding was inconvenient and embarrassing. Women's own previous failures at breast feeding and those of their friends were powerful influences upon many mothers.

Breast Feeding↗