Botanis contributes to birth of genetics.
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Literature data on respectively botany, chemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology and toxicology of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) are reviewed and evaluated. In traditional literature, preparations of the tree are claimed to be vulnerable in wide spectrum of diseases. Especially for inflammation-related diseases a good correlation is found with the results of recent experimental investigations. In addition, a variety of other biological activities are reported. Most frequently the effects can be attributed to compounds representing the structural classes of the limonoids, phenolics and macromolecules. Reported toxicity of preparations and isolated compounds are low, except for the seed oil. In conclusion, A. indica can be regarded as a valuable plant source for the rationalisation of its use in traditional medicine and for modern drug development.
The idea stated in the title, first clearly expressed by August Krogh, is illustrated by examples from animal biochemistry, physiology, general cell biology, experimental medicine, ethology and botany. General aspects of the concept are discussed.
A brief review of the history of development of Chinese pharmacognosy and its application to gynecology and obstetrics is presented. An evaluation system is introduced for short-listing some potentially useful and anti-fertility plants. Twenty such plants are listed in order of priority according to our evaluation system. Brief descriptions of the botany, phytochemistry and reputed biological effects are provided. It is hoped that this article may provide an impetus for the development of new antifertility agents.